In October 2014, ProQuest published its latest module in ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century: Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2. This module is highlighted by the records of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), records of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Africa-related papers of Claude Barnett, and the Robert F. Williams Papers. Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century: Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2 is the 9th module on ProQuest History Vault focusing on the 20th century fight for civil rights. It joins 2 earlier modules in the Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century Series, as well as 6 modules of the NAACP Papers. With the publication of Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century: Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2, ProQuest History Vault now includes major collections on SNCC, CORE, NAACP, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), arguably the four most important civil rights organizations of the 1960s. The following slides show images from the collections in Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century: Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2

1. ProQuest History Vault
Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers
Part 2
Image Gallery

2. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
In October 2014, ProQuest published its latest module in ProQuest History Vault:
Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century: Organizational Records and
Personal Papers, Part 2.
This module is highlighted by the records of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC), records of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Africa-
related papers of Claude Barnett, and the Robert F. Williams Papers.
Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century: Organizational Records and
Personal Papers, Part 2 is the 9th module on ProQuest History Vault focusing on
the 20th century fight for civil rights. It joins 2 earlier modules in the Black Freedom
Struggle in the 20th Century Series, as well as 6 modules of the NAACP Papers.
With the publication of Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2, ProQuest History Vault
now includes major collections on SNCC, CORE, NAACP, and the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), arguably the four most important civil
rights organizations of the 1960s.
The following slides show images from the collections in Black Freedom Struggle
in the 20th Century: Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
For more information on this module, see the press release and the Black
Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century brochure.

3. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
Spring 1964 issue of The Student Voice,
newsletter of the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Source: Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee Papers, © Martin Luther King,
Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change,
Inc., Atlanta, Georgia

4. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
SNCC leaflet for voter registration in North
Carolina. SNCC organizers worked to
register voters throughout the South, most
famously during Mississippi Freedom
Summer in 1964.
Source: Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee Papers, © Martin Luther King,
Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change,
Inc., Atlanta, Georgia

5. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
Page from SNCC
leaflet regarding
the 1964
Mississippi
Summer Project.
Source: Student
Nonviolent
Coordinating
Committee
Papers, © Martin
Luther King, Jr.
Center for
Nonviolent Social
Change, Inc.,
Atlanta, Georgia

6. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
Pages from SNCC
pamphlet by
Howard Zinn
regarding the
Freedom Schools
established by
SNCC as part of
the Mississippi
Summer Project.
Source: Student
Nonviolent
Coordinating
Committee Papers,
© Martin Luther
King, Jr. Center for
Nonviolent Social
Change, Inc.,
Atlanta, Georgia

7. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
Page from Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
pamphlet regarding the 1947 Journey of
Reconciliation. During the Journey of
Reconciliation, CORE members tested
discrimination in interstate travel. During the
Journey, four participants in the Journey of
Reconciliation were arrested. In many ways, the
Journey of Reconciliation served as a test run
for the dramatic Freedom Rides of 1961.
Source: Congress of Racial Equality Papers,
© Wisconsin Historical Society, Library-Archives
Division

8. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
CORE press release announcing plans for the
1961 Freedom Rides. In the press release,
CORE National Director, James Farmer stated:
“The ride will begin in Washington, D.C., on May
2nd and end in New Orleans on May 17.
Participants will challenge every form of
segregation met by the bus passenger: in the
buses themselves, in restaurants and in rest
rooms.”
Source: Congress of Racial Equality Papers,
© Wisconsin Historical Society, Library-Archives
Division

9. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
CORE leaflet regarding the 1962 Freedom
Highways project. CORE started the
Freedom Highways project after the
Freedom Rides in an effort to desegregate
hotels and motels. As a result of the project,
Howard Johnson and Holiday Inn opened
their facilities to African Americans.
Source: Congress of Racial Equality Papers,
© Wisconsin Historical Society, Library-
Archives Division

10. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
February 1965 newsletter of the Vallejo,
California, CORE branch.
CORE established a Western Regional
Office in San Francisco in 1962. By 1965,
the Western Regional Office oversaw the
activities of about 40 local CORE
chapters in the Western states.
The Western Regional office concentrated
on three main issues: de facto school
segregation, equal employment
opportunities, and open housing.
Source: Congress of Racial Equality
Papers, © Wisconsin Historical Society,
Library-Archives Division

11. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
January 19, 1965 Field Report by
Ronnie M. Moore regarding CORE
activities in Louisiana from
September 1964-January 1965.
CORE launched a summer project
in Louisiana in 1963 to promote
voter registration and
desegregation. The files of CORE’s
Southern Regional Office document
CORE’s efforts in Louisiana and
throughout the South. In 1964,
CORE joined with SNCC, SCLC,
and the NAACP to form the Council
of Federated Organizations (COFO)
Source: Congress of Racial Equality
Papers, © Wisconsin Historical
Society, Library-Archives Division

12. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
November 21, 1959 issue of The
Crusader newsletter published by
Robert F. Williams. Williams and his
wife Mabel, together with other Union
County NAACP members, began
publishing The Crusader in June 1959.
The Crusader was Williams’s primary
mouthpiece for expressing his views
on Black Freedom.
Source: Robert F. Williams Papers.
Bentley Library, University of Michigan.
© Mabel Williams.

13. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
Cover page of the May-June 1964 issue of
The Crusader newsletter published by
Robert F. Williams. Black Freedom
Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal
Papers, Part 2 contains a complete run of
The Crusader from 1959-1969 and 1980-
1982. The Crusader is an excellent source
for tracing the evolution of Robert F.
Williams’s views on Black Freedom.
Source: Robert F. Williams Papers. Bentley
Library, University of Michigan. © Mabel
Williams.

14. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
Excerpt from typescript of Robert
F. Williams “Radio Free Dixie”
broadcasts. “Radio Free Dixie”
aired from Havana, Cuba, between
1962 and 1966 and was beamed
to the United States in an effort to
promote Williams’s philosophy in
America during his exile.
Source: Robert F. Williams Papers.
Bentley Library, University of
Michigan.
© Mabel Williams.

15. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
Correspondence of Congressman Arthur
W. Mitchell regarding anti-lynching
legislation. On November 6, 1934, Mitchell
was elected as the first Black American
Democrat in the U.S. Congress. In
Congress, Mitchell became an important
champion of President Roosevelt's New
Deal. Another important issue for Mitchell
was anti-lynching legislation. Early in his
term, Mitchell proposed anti-lynching
legislation--legislation that was criticized
as weak and ineffective by the NAACP.
In History Vault, Mitchell’s Papers can be
searched alongside the NAACP Papers as
well as Department of Justice records
regarding anti-lynching legislation.
Source: Arthur W. Mitchell Papers,
© Chicago History Museum.

16. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
In 1937, Arthur W. Mitchell filed a
complaint against the Chicago, Rock
Island and Pacific Railway Company
after he was kicked out of a first class
railroad car in Arkansas. The Arthur W.
Mitchell Papers contain numerous
documents pertaining to the case as well
as more general information about
segregation on the railroads in the South.
Researchers interested in the issue of
discrimination in transportation will find
relevant records in the Congress of
Racial Equality Papers, especially the
documents relating to the Journey of
Reconciliation and the Freedom Rides.
Additional material can also be found in
Interstate Commerce Commission
records in a related History Vault module,
Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th
Century: Federal Government
Records.
Source: Arthur W. Mitchell Papers,
© Chicago History Museum.

17. ProQuest History Vault: Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th Century:
Organizational Records and Personal Papers, Part 2
December 19, 1958, letter from Claude
A. Barnett to then Vice President
Richard M. Nixon, regarding a cable
Nixon sent to Prime Minister Kwame
Nkrumah about the All-African People’s
Conference held in Accra.
This letter comes from the Africa-
related Papers of Claude A. Barnett.
Two other series of Barnett’s Papers,
the Associated Negro Press Records
and Barnett’s subject files are included
in Black Freedom Struggle in the 20th
Century, Organizational Records and
Personal Papers, Part 1.
Source: Claude A. Barnett Papers,
1918-1967, © Chicago History
Museum.