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1. BASIC CONCEPT &
BEHAVIOUR OF FIRE
National Civil Defence Cadet Corps

2. By the end of the lesson, cadets should be able to:
 State the definition of a fire
 State the 4 classes of fire
 Explain the development of a fire
 Explain the actions to take in the event of a fire
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

3. 1. Basic Concepts of Fire
2. Combustion of Fire
3. Classification of Fire
4. Basic Stage of Fire Development
5. Flashovers
6. Actions to take when a fire breaks out
7. Actions to take when trapped in smoke/ cloths caught fire
8. Evacuation from buildings
SCOPE

4. “FIRE IS A GOOD
SERVANT BUT A BAD
MASTER”

5. PREVENTION
The best form of protection against a
fire is always…

6. DEFINITION OF FIRE
Fire is a process of combustion.
(a chemical reaction)
It is usually accompanied by a rapid release of heat and light in
varying intensities.

7. TRIANGLE OF COMBUSTION
Oxygen Heat
Fuel
Combustion

8. 1. Class A
- Combustible solid material
- Wood, cloth, paper, rubber, plastics
2. Class B
- Flammable/combustible liquids, greases and gases
- Petrol, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

9. 3. Class C
- Potentially energized electrical equipment
- Short-circuiting machinery, overloaded electrical
equipment
4. Class D
- Combustible or flammable metals
- Sodium, titanium, magnesium, potassium
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

10. 1. Ignition
The fire develops from its point of origin (e.g. a stack of
newspapers which caught fire)
2. Growth
Fire spreads very rapidly to other areas
Flashovers may occur, especially in a confined space
3. Full Development
The fully developed fire is burning at its maximum confined
space
4. Decay
Depletion of oxygen/fuel
Fire slowly dies down
BASIC STAGES OF FIRE DEVELOPMENT

11. LIFE OF FIRE

12. FLASHOVER

13. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN
A FIRE BREAKS OUT

14. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS
OUT

15. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS
OUT

16. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS
OUT

17. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS
OUT

18. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS
OUT

19. WHEN YOUR CLOTHES CATCH FIRE

20.  If you have to escape through smoke, keep low by crawling on
your hands and knees.
 In a fire, the smoke will rise, leaving some fresh air about
30cm to 60cm from the floor. Crawling keeps your head in
this safety zone, away from the smoke’s toxic content.
ESCAPING THROUGH SMOKE

21. What to do during evacuation:
 Stay calm
 Follow instructions from supervisors or authorities
 Walk quickly and calmly and assist the needy (the
handicapped, the elderly)
 Assemble at designated area and await further instructions
EVACUATING FROM BUILDINGS

22. What NOT to do during evacuation:
 Panic
 Use elevators
 Attempt to save any belongings (Take only essential items like
personal identification documents, medication)
EVACUATING FROM BUILDINGS

23. FIRE INCIDENTS

24.  The best form of protection against fire is prevention.
 If a fire breaks out, it is essential for everyone to know what
should be done.
 One’s life should never be placed in danger.
CONCLUSION