A planning approach for fast changing “Socio-Political” environment: A case of Delhi Master Plan (A paper presented in ISOCARP Congress 2012 at PERM,Russia)
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Rapid urbanisation is posing a challenge to planners,environmentalists and administrators.Traditional planning approaches and tools are ineffective to deal with emerging situation.Therefore a novel planning approach for emerging socio polotical environment.
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A planning approach for fast changing “Socio-Political” environment: A case of Delhi Master Plan (A paper presented in ISOCARP Congress 2012 at PERM,Russia)
- 1. A PLANNING APPROACH FOR FAST CHANGING “SOCIO-POLITICAL” ENVIRONMENT: A CASE OF DELHI MASTER PLAN P. S. Uttarwar, Delhi Development Authority, India New Delhi / India 16.75 Million 1,483 Sq.Km. Type:Theory
- 2. AIM OF RESEARCH FOCUS • Urbanization in India is a challenge, as well as an opportunity. • Focus of planning shifted from ‘the principle of controlled development of land’ to ‘the principle of demand and supply’ of open economy. • A challenge because of it’s rapid growth rate, which generally outpaces growth of infrastructure. • An opportunity, as it offers better economic avenues. The urban population of India is growing at a faster rate than the growth rate of total population of India. • Due to this paradigm shift, traditional planning needs to readjust its planning tools like master plan and zonal plans, in such a way that it recognizes ground realities and it is also acceptable to the people. STUDY • Planning policies and strategies implemented through master plan document of Delhi. • Procedure based Planning Initiated in MPD, 2021. Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 3. LOCATION Total area of National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) is 1485 square km and total population is 16.75 million with 97.5 per cent population living in urban areas. The decadal growth rate is 21.6% (2001-11). Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 4. INTRODUCTION Master Plan as planning instrument • Stood test of time despite criticism, severe limitations and show pace of implementation. Master plan as a document • Bring reforms, flexibility and set of implementable goals for urban planning process, with some innovative ideas and shift from “ a standard based planning’ to ‘Procedure based planning’ which integrates local issues like land ownership, socio-economic status and contribute to bottom-up approach to land use planning at zonal and master plan level. Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 4 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 5. MASTER PLAN FOR DELHI - 1962 • The first step towards modern planning in India for integrated development of Delhi. • Formulated as per the provisions of Delhi Development Act, 1957. • Promulgated on 1st September, 1962. • Large scale land acquistion, development and disposal policy. Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 6. MASTER PLAN FOR DELHI - 2001 MPD - 2OO1 PROMULGATED ON 1st AUGUST, 1990. Projected population - 128 lakh. • Urbanization of further 18000 – 24000 ha. To accommodate additional population. • Effective development of ncr to contain rapid population growth • The holding capacity increased through the process of low rise high density development. • Selective densification of urban areas except lutyens bungalow zone • The inner city (walled city & its extension and karol bagh) designated as special area. • Mass transport system to be multi modal. Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 7. NEW APPROACH – PROCEDURE BASED PLANNING Ascertain the representation of the important local planning issues at Zonal Development Plan and Master Plan level Assure the feasibility of proposed local interventions by taking into account zonal development plan & master plan objectives and constraints (biophysical, socio-economical) as well as local knowledge, incentives and values Provide local planners with decision-making tools for maximizing the potential of zonal development plan and master plan support (geo data, financial, organizational, etc.), Uttarwar P. S. checking the relevance of zonal and city level plans to local communities and Fast changing Socio-Political environment reducing land planning conflicts use 7 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 8. PROCEDURE BASED PLANNING FOR CRITICAL AREAS A critical reform has been envisaged in the prevailing land policy and facilitating public private partnerships. MPD 2021 has included following as essential for land policy for future policy formulation: • Review of the scheme of large scale development and acquisition and its relevance in the present context; • Alternative options for development of areas identified for urbanization in MPD 2021; • Evolving a system under which planning for, and provision of basic infrastructure could take place simultaneously; and • Involving the private sector in the assembly and development of land and provision of infrastructure services. Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 9. DELHI URBAN AREA - 2021 • Due to limitation of land, redevelopment will have to be major element of city development : • Planned areas o o o o o • Influence zone along MRTS and major transport Corridor Underutilized/low-density areas. Others developed areas Special area Unplanned areas o Villages o Unauthorized colonies o JJ clusters • In 2021, about 978 sq km of total Urbanisable area will be available for accommodating about 230 lakh population in Delhi. • Area under existing rural use with 2.9 million population to be gradually absorbed in balanced city development. Remaining 4.88 million to be accommodated in urban extension. • Total area of NCTD except ridge, river Yamuna and proposed green belt is envisaged as urban. • Land assembly techniques involving public, private sectors and compulsory land acquisition. Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 10. PROCEDURE BASED PLANNING IN MPD, 2021 • Local Area Plans o To absorb ground realities and formulate enforceable building bye laws, it will be necessary to focus on much smaller areas with more or less similar character and concerns. • Regularization of Unauthorized Colonies o For proper improvement of physical and social infrastructure, minimum necessary physical level of services and common facilities are to be provided. • Special Area Plans o On the basis of similarities in compact built form, narrow circulation space and low rise high density developments, mainly accommodating residential, commercial both retail or wholesale and industrial uses. • Villages o Comprehensive Schemes for the development of villages are to be prepared by the concerned local bodies with the aim of provision of optimal facilities and services within the abadis and integration with the surrounding areas. • Mix use o Mix use has emerged as a major provision of MPD, 2021 due to emerging needs and requirement of people. • Spot Zoning o In April 2008, the Authority approved a policy for Spot Zoning of pre existing cultural, religious (including spiritual) health care and educational institutions. Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 11. URBAN EXTENSIONS ZONE AREA (HA.) POPULATI ON-2021 (IN MILLION) A TO H 52,574 11.4 PROJECT (KII, M, P-I) 21,347 3.9 RIVER YAMU NA (O) 8,070 NIL SUB TOTAL 81,991 15.3 URBAN EXTENSION (J, K-I, L, N, P-II) 66,309 7.7 GRAND TOTAL 1,48,300 23.0 NARELA 1.22 MILLIONS ZONE – P-II ZONE – N URBAN EXTENSIONS 7.7 MILLIONS ROHINI III/IV/V 0.98 MILLIONS ZONE – K-I ZONES A – H 11.4 MILLIONS DWARKA 1.7 MILLIONS RIVER YAMUNA ZONE -O ZONE - L ZONE - J LAND UPTO THE DEPTH OF ONE PERIPHERAL REVENUE VILLAGE BOUNDARY ALONG THE BORDER OF NCTD, WHEREVER AVAILABLE, WOULD BE MAINTAINED AS GREEN BELT. Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment RIDGE / REGIONAL PARK 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 12. CITY RESTRUCTREING ALONG MRTS ROUTE MRTS INFLUENCE ZONE GUIDELINES FOR REDEVELOPMENT : • Influence zone-maximum upto 500 m. On both sides of the mrts route. ROHINI SUB CITY ROHINI Nathunagar KASHMIRI GATEI DILSHAD GARDEN West Punjabi Bagh TRANS YAMUNA AREA NANGLOI Tagore Garden Sansad Bhavan • Approval of schemes only after commencement of execution of the respective phase of mrts. • Special provisions for following areas: C.P. Tin Murti NOIDA . DWARKA SUB CITY NOIDA Defence Colony DWARKA VASANT KUNJ GURGAON FARIDABAD • Lutyens’ bungalow zone, chanakya puri, diz area, mata sundari area. • Civil lines bungalow area. • Monument regulated zone (as per asi guidelines) • Maximum far and height upto 1.5 times of the permissible far on the respective use premises. • In urban extension areas land uses to be integrated with the proposed movement corridors at planning stage. Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 13. CITY RESTRUCTREING ALONG MRTS ROUTE NARELA BAWANA INDUSTRIAL AREA TO INTEGRATE NARELA SUB CITY, BAWANA INDUSTRIAL AREA & PROPOSED URBAN EXTN. INTEGRATION OF TWIN DISTRICT CENTRES & AMUSEMENT PARK WITH MRTS STATIONS AT PLANNING STAGE INTEGRATION OF ROHINI PHASE IV / V WITH MRTS STATIONS AT PLANNING STAGE ROHINIPHASE I / II MRTS STATION INTEGRATED WITH ADJOINING AREAS INSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTIONAL Uttarwar P. S. UTILITIES RECREATION Fast changing Socio-Political environment COMMERCIAL 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 14. REDEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL ALONG KASHMERE GATE – TIS HAZARI – PUL BANGASH METRO RAIL CORRIDOR STUDY UNDERTAKEN JOINTLY BY DDA & DMRC ZONE OF INFLUENCE CONCEPTUAL MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 15. METROPOLITAN CITY CENTRE WALLED CITY & EXTENSIONS DWARKA – TYA MRTS ROUTE TO BE TREATED CAREFULLY AND SENSITIVELY IN VIEW OF THEIR HIGH DENSITY AND MULTIPLE USES. THE AIM IS TO REVITALIZE THE GLORY OF WALLED CITY AND ITS ECONOMIC & TOURISM POTENTIAL. 00 CHANDANI CHOWK UNIVERSITY- C. SEC. MRTS ROUTE Uttarwar P. S. RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMEN T CONNAUGHT PLACE CONNAUGHT PLACE & EXTENSIONS AN INTEGRATED PLAN INCORPORATING URBAN DESIGN, LANDSCAPE, T RAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION SCHEMES, SAFE PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS, PARKING AREAS, RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL AREAS ETC. IS TO BE PREPARED FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT. SHAHJAHANABAD RED FORT INDRAPRASTHA ESTATE GOLE MARKET MANDI HOUSE PRAGATI MAIDAN Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012
- 16. CONCLUSION • For the purpose of planning National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) with an area of 1485 sq.km. and population of 17 million people forms a hub for entire “Central National Capital Region” comprising of an area of 2000 sq.km. of neighboring cities of Gurgaon, Faridabad & Sonepat in the State of Haryana and Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida in the State of Uttar Pradesh is entire urban agglomeration forms an area of 3500 sq.km. and approx. population of 28 million people. Landuse Plan of Urban Agglomerations - Delhi & Central National Capital Region • With such a wide variety and diversity in Municipal administration, State Government policies and Interstate issues, a keyword for survival of planning is flexibility within the framework of Master plans of respective cities with Procedure based Planning for critical areas of “Socio-Political” environment . Uttarwar P. S. Fast changing Socio-Political environment 48th ISOCARP Congress 2012