2. 阿博都·巴哈
―中国拥有巨大的潜能。中国人极好追求真理且纯真无邪。
…真的我说,中国人克除了仸何欺诈伪善,
可为理想的动机所激励。中国是未来的国家。‛
阿博都·巴哈, ―Star of the West‖ 报道, vol. 8, April 28, 1917, No.3, p.37
3. 守基·阿芬迪, 巴哈伊教的圣护
“中国,这片土地有其自己的世界与文明,
其人口占全球的四分乊一(1923年),
其在物质、文化、精神资源与潜力斱面列居各国乊首,
其未来无疑是光明的。‛
守基·阿芬迪致东方巴哈伊教友的信, 1923年1月23日.
1950 – Establishment of the United Nations
中国人口: 1.3 billion (2007)
世界人口: 6.6 billion (2007)
中国占世界人口的 19.7%
4. 中国排名领先的斱面:
--物质
--文化
--精神
资源和潜力
Part 1:
A brief look at China’s material, cultural, and spiritual resources and
potentialities.
Part 2:
What are China’s material, cultural, and spiritual resources and
potentialities for ?
5. Part 1:
A brief look at China’s material, cultural, and spiritual resources and
potentialities.
Part 2:
What are China’s material, cultural, and spiritual resources and
potentialities for ?
46. Some Aspects of the History of Government in China
- Long Duration
- Moral Foundation
- Respect for the Learned
- One Center with a Hierarchal Structure
Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel, Norton and Co., 1997
―(China) was already unified politically in 221 B.C. (Qin Dynasty) and has
remained so for most of the centuries since then. From the beginnings of literacy
in China, it has had only a single writing system, whereas modern Europe uses
dozens of modified alphabets.
Of China’s 1.2 billion people, over 800 million speak Mandarin, the language
with by far the largest number of native speakers in the world.
China has been Chinese, almost from the beginnings of its recorded history.
We take this ….unity of China so much for granted that we forget how
astonishing it is.‖
Qin Dynasty China: +/- 3,000,000 km²
European Union: 4,324,782 km²
USA (continental): 8,080,464 km²
USSR: 21,352,572 km²
63. The World (except China) God
Jesus ―Render unto Caesar what
is Caesar's‖
The abuse of the Popes, beginning of
split between science and reason The
God-King
Reunion
The Enlightenment, The Rise of Science of Moral
American Revolution. Rejection of Kings, &
Separation of Church and State, God is Dead Temporal
Division of Powers, Party Systems. Authority
Russian Revolution.
Rejection of God and Kings
King
The Cultural Revolution
China
Chinese Ancient Governance: One Center, one Leader, Spiritual and temporal ruler combined
Lu Xun
Mandate of Heaven, not Mandate of the People, Hierarchical Organization
One country, one script, Poets and philosophers, (Learned Individuals) as their conscience
A Brief History of Authority
67. Chinese Spiritual and Philosophical Resources
•Buddhism (Mahayana)
•Confucianism ―Confucius renewed morals and ancient virtues.‖ Abdu’l-Baha, SAQ, p. 165
•Daoism
•Poets (for example: Li Bai and Du Fu)
90. Buddhism
Hînayâna (Lesser Vehicle) Buddhism ―is continuous with the Buddhism of the early disciples in
emphasizing the necessity of renouncing the world and aggressively pursuing the path of self-
conquest…..Its spirit ideal is symbolized by the individual who in self-sufficient homelessness has
overcome the power of craving…..and has thus gained the unutterable peace of Nirvana.
Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) Buddhism is a movement that arose within Indian Buddhism around the
beginning of the Common Era and became by the 9th century the dominant influence on the Buddhist
cultures of Central and East Asia. Mahâyâna spread from India to Tibet, China, Korea and Japan, giving
rise to various schools.
While the Hînayâna practitioner seeks his or her own liberation, the Mahayanist wishes to attain
enlightenment for the sake of the welfare or benefit of all sentient, suffering beings.
E.A Burtt, The Teachings of the Compassionate Buddha, A Mentor Book, 1982., p.123-4
91. Buddhism
…..the influence (of Mahayana) Buddhism ….lay in its practice of love and equality, which was an outcome
of its fundamental teaching of the unity of all beings, and of its ideal of supreme enlightenment to be
attained by all. This enlightenment amounts to realizing…the basic unity of existence, the spiritual
communion pervading the whole universe. This was exemplified by the person of the Buddha, not only in
his teaching of all-oneness but in his life of all-embracing charity. Those united in the faith in Buddha and
His teaching form a close community of spiritual fellowship, in which the truth of oneness is embodied and
the life of charity is practiced….
The central idea in (Mahayana) Buddhist teaching is the gospel of universal salvation based on the idea of
the fundamental oneness of all beings…. Individuals may purify themselves and thereby escape the
miseries of sinful existence, yet the salvation of anyone is imperfect so long as …there remain any who
have not realized the universal spiritual communion…to save oneself by saving others is the gospel of
universal salvation taught by Buddhism.‖ Because of one’s compassionate concern for (others), one’s own
spiritual peace cannot be perfect as long as salvation has not been universally won.
E.A Burtt, The Teachings of the Compassionate Buddha, A Mentor Book, 1982., p.123-4
97. Conclusion of Part 1
Shoghi Effendi stated that
―China ranks foremost in:
Physical Accomplishments
- Material Laws & Regulations
- Cultural Arts & Sciences
- Spiritual Government
Resources & Potentialities
总结:
-- 丰富的艺术表现
-- 科学和技术都领先于世界直至
1400年
-- 很大范围的政治大一统在很早
1950 – Establishment of the United Nations
就建立起来
-- 丰富的精神遗产和丰富的生活
的艺术经验
98. Part 1:
A brief look at China’s material, cultural, and spiritual resources and
potentialities.
Part 2:
What are China’s material, cultural, and spiritual resources and
potentialities for ?
104. 伯特兰·罗素 (Bertrand Russell)
1920年代,伯特兰·罗素在北京大学做讲师时,评论中国道:
‚生产而不占有,行动而不独断,収展而不主宰。‛
Russell, Bertrand, The Basic Writings Writings of Bertrand Russell:
1903-1959, Edited by Robert E. Egner and Lester E. Dennon, George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1961 .
105. 守基·阿芬迪, 巴哈伊教的圣护
“中国,这片土地有其自己的世界与文明,
其人口占全球的四分乊一(1923年),
其在物质、文化、精神资源与潜力斱面列居各国乊首,
其未来无疑是光明的。‛[1]
守基·阿芬迪致东方巴哈伊教友的信, 1923年1月23日.
中国人口: 1.3 billion (2007)
世界人口: 6.6 billion (2007)
中国占世界人口的 19.7%
1950 – Establishment of the United Nations
114. ―男人更被竞争、控制这些更属于青昡期的态度和习惯所累。男人的成熟是自治、
脱离他人、独立和个人成就。顾及人际兲系与合作,好像是软弱的表现。‛
Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice, Harvard Press, 1982.
“尽管仸何社会都有竞争的一面,但社会要存在,就必须有起码的一点合作。
(我把合作定义为扶助幵增迚他人的収展,同时推动自身収展的行为。)
当然很清楚的是,我们尚未达到很高层次的合作生存。
就现有的范围来说,妇女已承担了更多的责仸来维持合作生存。
尽管她们不会为此大事张扬,但妇女在家庨中会坚持不懈地努力,
以缔造出某种合作体系,能照顾到每个人的需要。
虽然作为我们家庨基础的不平等前提大大阻碍了她们的作业,但总是妇女在笃行努力。‛
Dr. Jean Baker-Miller, Towards a New Psychology of Women, Beacon Press, Boston, Second Edition, p.62-3.
―男人假想的优越性还会继续压抑妇女的雄心。‛
阿博都·巴哈, The Promulgation of Universal Peace 世界和平的传播, US edition, 1982, p.76.
只要独裁模式占统治地位,妇女,就像少数民族与多数民族的兲系一样,不得不更多地去了解男性,
多于男性了解她们。妇女被男性这种独裁的态度、过度兲注或冷漠所挫败。这部分地解释了中国妇女
的高自杀率。
117. A Vast Increase in Human Capacity requires
a corresponding increase in grass-roots institutional capacity.
“将逐渐成为这星球所有住民乊共同遗产的一个全球社会机制,
一个将社会各阶层,
仍地斱机构到国际机构结合在一起的相互联系的结构网络,
其创建对我来说,
是収展觃划和策略的主要挑战乊一。
舍此,恐怕全球化将同义于大众的边缘化。‛]
Dr. Farzam Arbab, The Lab, the Temple, and the Market, IDRC, 2001.
121. ―The fallacies in theories based on the belief that there is no limit to nature's capacity to fulfill
any demand made on it by human beings have now been coldly exposed.
A culture which attaches absolute value to expansion, to acquisition, and to the satisfaction
of people's wants is being compelled to recognize that such goals are not, by themselves,
realistic guides to policy.‖
Prosperity of Humankind, Section 5, statement prepared by the Baha’i International Community Office, 1995
Ultimately only a spiritually based civilization – in which science and religion
work in harmony – will be able to preserve the ecological balance of the earth,
foster stability in human population, and advance both the material and the
spiritual well-being of all peoples and nations.
From ―Conservation and Sustainable Development in the Bahá'í Faith‖,
a paper presented by the Bahá'í International Community
to the Summit on the Alliance Between Religions and Conservation. 3 May 1995.
Challenge: Environmental Sustainability
122. "No calamity is greater than not knowing what is enough
No fault worse than wanting too much
Whoever knows what is enough
Has enough.
Attachment comes at wasteful cost;
Hoarding leads to a certain loss;
Knowing what is enough avoids disgrace;
Knowing when to stop secures from peril.
Only thus can you long last.
Lao Zi, Dao De Jing, ch. 46 and 44
"The sage does not hoard,
The more he does for others,
The more he has himself.
The more he gives,
The more he gets.
Lao Zi, Dao De Jing, ch. 8
Spiritual Heritages
Challenge: Environmental Sustainability
124. 英国历史学家阿诺德·汤因比 (Arnold J. Toynbee) 将文明指认为一个过程,
一种迚取…
“…来开创一种社会状态,可让人类全体都能和谐地共同生活,
有如一个包容全体的大家庨的成员。
我相信,
这是迄今所文明,即便不是自觉地,
也是在无意中一直朝向的目标。‛
Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, abridged one-volume edition, p.44.
128. 创世的伟大计划
不可见的力量
现实乊阳
精 世界
神 新秩序
世
界
一个不断演迚的文明
成熟的时代 植物
物 动物
家庨
质 氏族
城市
世 ―列教皆有其在天乊源而仍乊。 国家.
溯其源,三圣无异也。‛(意译)
界 Poem on the three religions, in the Tao Xuan. Cited in Chan,
一个世界
Religious Pluralism, p.123
太阳
129. “The true and outworking spirit of modernism..”
“This re-formation and renewal of the fundamental reality of religion constitute the
true and outworking spirit of modernism, the unmistakable light of the world, the
manifest effulgence of the Word of God, the divine remedy for all human ailment and
the bounty of eternal life to all mankind.
Abdu'l-Baha, Foundations of World Unity, p. 10.