1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
LAMPS
BY :-MADHAV CHHABRA
IX – C
19

2. Neon lamp
A N E O N L A M P ( A L S O N E O N G L O W L A M P ) I S A M I N I AT U R E G A S D I S C H A R G E
L A M P T H AT T Y P I C A L LY C O N TA I N S N E O N G A S AT A L O W P R E S S U R E I N A G L A S S
C A P S U L E . O N LY A T H I N R E G I O N A D J A C E N T T O T H E E L E C T R O D E S G L O W S I N
THESE LAMPS, WHICH DISTINGUISHES THEM FROM THE MUCH LONGER AND
BRIGHTER NEON TUBES USED FOR SIGNAGE. THE TERM "NEON LAMP" IS
G E N E R A L LY E X T E N D E D T O L A M P S W I T H S I M I L A R D E S I G N T H AT O P E R AT E W I T H
D I F F E R E N T G A S E S . N E O N G L O W L A M P S W E R E V E R Y C O M M O N I N T H E D I S P L AY S
OF ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS THROUGH THE 1970S; THE BASIC DESIGN OF
N E O N L A M P S I S N O W I N C O R P O R AT E D I N C O N T E M P O R A R Y P L A S M A D I S P L AY S .
N E O N W A S D I S C O V E R E D I N 1 8 9 8 B Y W I L L I A M R A M S AY A N D M O R R I S W . T R AV E R S .
T H E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C , B R I L L I A N T R E D C O L O U R T H AT I S E M I T T E D B Y G A S E O U S
N E O N W H E N E X C I T E D E L E C T R I C A L LY W A S N O T E D I M M E D I AT E LY ; T R AV E R S L A T E R
W ROTE, "THE BLAZE OF CRIMSON LIGHT FROM THE TUBE TOLD ITS OW N ST ORY
A N D W A S A S I G H T T O D W E L L U P O N A N D N E V E R F O R G E T. "
N E O N ' S S C A R C I T Y P R E C L U D E D I T S P R O M P T A P P L I C AT I O N F O R E L E C T R I C A L
LIGHTING ALONG THE LINES OF MOORE TUBES, WHICH USED ELECTRIC
DISCHARGES IN NITROGEN. MOORE TUBES WERE COMMERCIALIZED BY THEIR
I N V E N T O R , D A N I E L M C FA R L A N E M O O R E , I N T H E E A R LY 1 9 0 0 S . A F T E R
1 9 0 2 , G E O R G E S C L A U D E ' S C O M P A N Y, A I R L I Q U I D , W A S P R O D U C I N G I N D U S T R I A L
Q U A N T I T I E S O F N E O N A S A B Y P R O D U C T O F H I S A I R L I Q U E FA C T I O N B U S I N E S S ,
AND IN DECEMBER.

3. Mercury lamps
A mercury vapour lamp is a gas discharge
lamp that uses an electric arc through
vaporized mercury to produce light. The arc
discharge is generally confined to a small fused
quartz arc tube mounted within a larger borosilicate
glass bulb. The outer bulb may be clear or coated
with a phosphor; in either case, the outer bulb
provides thermal insulation, protection from
the ultraviolet radiation the light produces, and a
convenient mounting for the fused quartz arc tube.

4. Sodium - vapor lamp
A sodium-vapour lamp is a gas-discharge
lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to
produce light. There are two varieties of such
lamps: low pressure and high pressure. Lowpressure sodium lamps are the most efficient
electrical light sources, but their yellow light
restricts applications to outdoor lighting such as
street lamps. High-pressure sodium lamps have a
broader spectrum of light than the low pressure, but
still poorer colour rendering than other types of
lamps. Low pressure sodium lamps only
give monochromatic yellow light and so inhibit
colour vision at night.

5.  An LED lamp is a light-emitting
diode (LED) product that is assembled into
a lamp (or light bulb) for use in lighting
fixtures. LED lamps have a lifespan
and electrical efficiency that is several times
better than incandescent lamps, and
significantly better than most fluorescent
lamps, with some chips able to emit more
than 100 lumens per watt.
 Like incandescent lamps and unlike most
fluorescent lamps (e.g. tubes and CFL), LED
lights come to full brightness without need
for a warm-up time; the life of fluorescent
lighting is also reduced by frequent
switching on and off. Initial cost of LED is
usually higher.

6. A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also
called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving
light, and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent
lamp designed to replace an incandescent lamp; some
types fit into light fixtures formerly used for incandescent
lamps. The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to
fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a
compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp.
Compared to general-service incandescent lamps giving
the same amount of visible light, CFLs use one-fifth to
one-third the electric power, and last eight to fifteen
times longer. A CFL has a higher purchase price than an
incandescent lamp, but can save over five times its
purchase price in electricity costs over the lamp's lifetime

7. An , incandescent lamp or incandescent light
globe is an electric light which produces light with
a filament wire heated to a high temperature by an
electric current passing through it, until it glows
(see Incandescence). The hot filament is protected
from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is
filled with inert gas or evacuated. In a halogen
lamp, filament evaporation is prevented by a
chemical process that redeposit metal vapour onto
the filament, extending its life. The light bulb is
supplied with electrical current by feed-through
terminals or wires embedded in the glass. Most
bulbs are used in a socket which provides
mechanical support and electrical connections .

8.  A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten
halogen, quartz-halogen or quartz iodine lamp, is
an incandescent lamp that has a small amount of
a halogen such as iodine or bromine added. The
combination of the halogen gas and
the tungsten filament produces a halogen
cycle chemical reaction which redeposit evaporated
tungsten back onto the filament, increasing its life and
maintaining the clarity of the envelope. Because of this, a
halogen lamp can be operated at a higher temperature
than a standard gas-filled lamp of similar power and
operating life, producing light of a higher luminous
efficacy and colour temperature .

9. A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a low
pressure mercury-vapour gas-discharge lamp that uses
fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric
current in the gas excites mercury vapour which
produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes
a phosphor coating on the inside of the bulb to fluoresce,
producing visible light. A fluorescent lamp converts
electrical power into useful light much more efficiently
than incandescent lamps. The luminous efficacy of a
fluorescent light bulb can exceed 100 lumens per watt,
several times the efficacy of an incandescent bulb with
comparable light output.

10. THANK YOU
EFFORTS BY:MADHAV CHHABRA
IX-C
19