Session 12 Date: 12.9.15

1. International Affairs & History
RAHIL SUR
3rd year EEE
13.8.15
Session 12

2. RULES
+ 10 on direct
+10/-10 on pouce

3. 1.
 X is a label given to the various rebel groups that were active from 1979 through to the
early 1990s in opposition to the Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government in
Nicaragua. Among the separate groups, the Nicaraguan Democratic Force (FDN)
emerged as the largest by far. In 1987, virtually all organizations were united, at least
nominally, into the Nicaraguan Resistance.
 The term X comes from the Spanish word which means against. In English it means
"the counter-revolution". Some rebels disliked being called X, feeling that it defined their
cause only in negative terms, or implied a desire to restore the old order. Rebel fighters
usually referred to themselves as comandos("commandos"); peasant sympathizers also
called the rebels los primos ("the cousins"). From the mid-1980s, as the Reagan
administration and the rebels sought to portray the movement as the "democratic
resistance," members started describing themselves as la resistencia.

4. Answer
Contra

5. 2.
 When Europeans first explored the region around the Great Lakes of Chad, they created an
interpretation of the people found in the region as two racially distinct tribes, coexisting in a
complex social order: the Tutsis, Hutus. The Tutsis, an elite minority of about 24% of the
population, were tall, slim pastoralists. The Hutu majority, about 75% of the population, were
stocky, strong farmers.
 Belgian colonialism stressed physical and social differences. Relentless Belgian propaganda
portrayed Tutsis as the more evolved “ethnic” group in appearance, intelligence, and height,
while Hutus were branded as ignorant, backwards, and vile. Tutsis naturally welcomed this
ethnic schism because thinking in these racialized terms had tangible social benefits. For
Belgian colonial elites, this was a classic “divide and conquer” strategy:
 On April 1994 there was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi and moderate Hutu by members of
the Hutu majority. During the approximate 100-day period from April 7 to mid-July 1994, an
estimated 500,000–1,000,000 were killed, constituting as much as 70% of the Tutsi and 20% of the
country’s total population. The genocide was planned by members of the core political elite
known as the akazu, many of whom occupied positions at top levels of the national
government. Perpetrators came from the ranks of the army, the National Police (gendarmerie),
government-backed militias including the Interahamwe and Impuzamugambi, and the Hutu
civilian population.
 Name the country or the genocide

6. Answer
 Rwandan Genocide

7. 3.
 X and Y met in a 1970 FIFA World Cup qualifier. There was fighting between fans at the first
game in the capital of Tegucigalpa on 8 June 1969, which X won 1–0. The second game,
on 15 June 1969 in the capital of San Salvador, which was won 3–0 by Y , was followed by
even greater violence. A play-off match took place in Mexico City on 26 June 1969. Y won
the decisive third game 3–2 after extra time. That same day, Y dissolved all diplomatic ties
with X, stating that "the government of X has not taken any effective measures to punish
these crimes which constitute genocide, nor has it given assurances of indemnification or
reparations for the damages caused to Y".
 Later a brief war was fought. Name the war and the two countries X and Y

8. Answer
 FOOTBALL WAR
 X-HONDURAS
 Y-EL SALVADOR

9. 4. Give Funda

10. Answer
This is Hans Conrad Schumann who
was an East German soldier who
famously defected to West
Germany during the construction of
the Berlin Wall in 1961.

11. 6.
 _______ _______ ___ _______ is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews
who risked their lives during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis.
 A person who is recognized for having taken risks to help Jews during the Holocaust is
awarded a medal in his/her name, a certificate of honor, and the privilege of having the
name added to those on the Wall of Honor in the Garden of the Righteous at Yad
Vashem in Jerusalem
 Famous recepients include Oskar Schindlar

12. Answer
 Righteous Among The Nations

13. 7.
 X was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire. He was a younger brother of the
Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I. After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he
entered into a scheme with Napoleon III of France to invade, conquer, and rule Mexico.
Seeking to legitimize French rule in the Americas, Napoleon III invited Maximilian to
establish a new Mexican monarchy for him. With the support of the French army, and a
group of conservative Mexican monarchists hostile to the liberal administration of new
Mexican President Benito Juarez, he traveled to Mexico. Once there, he declared
himself Emperor of Mexico on 10 April 1864. The empire collapsed after Napolean
withdrew troops in 1866. Later X was captured and sentenced to death at a court martial.
 He is immortalized in a series of paintings by Edouard Manet called “The execution of X”
 Picture in next slide

15. Answer
 The execution of emperor Maximilian

16. 8.
 A Pirali Brahmin is a subgrouping of Brahmins found throughout Bengal, which is split
between India and Bangladesh. The term "Pirali" historically carried a stigmatized and
pejorative connotation; its eponym is the vizier Mohammad Tahir Pir Ali, who served under
a governor of Jessore. Pir Ali was a Brahmin Hindu who converted to Islam; his actions
resulted in the additional conversion of two Brahmins brothers. As a result, orthodox Hindu
society shunned the brothers' Hindu relatives (who had not converted), and the
descendants of these Hindu relatives became known as the Pirali Brahmins .Later this
unorthodox background ultimately led the X family to dispense with many of the customs
followed by orthodox Brahmins and subsequently they founded a new sect of Hinduism.
 Name this family X

17. Answer
 Tagore

18. 9.
X was an Indian jurist, who has been United
Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1966.
He was the only South Asian person appointed to
the International Military Tribunal for the Far East's trials
of Japanese war crimes committed during the second
World War. Among all the judges of the tribunal, he was the
only one who submitted a judgment which insisted all
defendants were not guilty. The Yasukuni Shrine and
the Kyoto Ryozen Gokoku Shrine have monuments specially
dedicated to him.
He held the view that the legitimacy of the tribunal was
suspect and questionable, because the spirit of retribution,
and not impartial justice, was the underlying criterion for
passing the judgment.
He is frequently mentioned by diplomats on the Indo-
Japanese Relations context. Name him

19. Answer
 Radhabinod Pal

20. 10.
 Auguste Vaillant (27 December 1861 – 5 February 1894) was a French anarchist, most
famous for his bomb attack on the French Chamber of Deputies on 9 December 1893. The
government's reaction to this attack was the passing of the infamous repressive Lois
scélérats.
 He threw the home-made device from the public gallery and was immediately arrested.
The weakness of the device meant that the explosion only caused slight injuries to twenty
deputies
 Valliant claimed that his aim was not to kill but to wound as many deputies as possible in
revenge for the execution of Ravachol. Despite this, Vaillant was sentenced to death and
execution followed on 3 February 1894.
 He inspired someone three decades later ? Who

21. Answer
Bhagat Singh and
Batukeshwar Dutt’s
bombing in Central
Legislative assembly
in 1929 to protest
against the Public
Safety Bill and the
Trade Dispute Act.

22. 11.
 Tens of thousands of people attended this event, marching through the Khyber Pass from
Peshawar to Jalalabad, although it was marred by two bomb explosions killing 15 people.
Despite the heavy fighting at the time, both sides of the Soviet war in Afghanistan,
the communist army and the mujahideen, declared a ceasefire to allow this event.
 What event ??

23. Answer
Funeral of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan or the
“Frontier Gandhi”

24. 12
This is the Coat of Arms of
the Kingdom of Mewar. On
the right is a Rajput warrior
and on the left is a Bhil
tribesman. Why are the Bhils
honoured in such a way?
Give the funda

25. Answer
 The Bhils had fought along the side of Rana Pratap during the battle of Haldighati and
helped the Kingdom of Mewar from time and time again
 The entire Bhil tribe, even today, is highly regarded by the citizens and the Mewar family.
At the time of succession, a Bhil tribesman must honour the new Maharana with
a tilak (marking on the forehead) of his own blood. It is only then that the new Maharana
will be universally recognised as successor.

26. Historic Moments recreated through LEGO
 In the following slides we have historic moments recreated through LEGO.
 It’s a written round +10 for each and bonus +10 for all correct

27. 1

28. 2.

29. 3.

30. 4.

31. 5.

32. ANSWERS

33. 1

34. Answer
 King John signing the Magna Carta

35. 2.

36. Answer
 Assasination of Archduke Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princep which started the World War I

37. 3.

38. Answer
 Meeting of Henry Stanley and Dr Livingstone

39. 4.

40. Answer
 Demolition of the Berlin Wall

41. 5.

42. Answer
 Muhammad Ali vs Sonny Liston

43. THANK YOU