1. Lijin Golden

2. Major Aspects
 Causes of F.R- Economic, Social, Religious, Struggle
for Survival, Rising of Middle class people and Role
of Philosophers.
 Outbreak of F.R- Tennis court oath, Internal revolt.
 France constitutional monarchy- Structure of
constitution and Declaration of Human Rights.
 Abolishment of Monarchy
 Reign of Terror
 Role of Women
 Abolishment of Slavery
 Laws related with everyday life- freedom of
speech, expression and press
 Napoleon Bonaparte
 Influence of F.R in the world (Impacts)

3. Economic causes of F.R
 Marriage of Louie 16 with Austrian prince
 He found that govt treasury were empty.
 Causes- Long years of war drained wealth.
 Cost of maintaining court in Versile
 He helped 13 American colonies to fought against
Brattain.
 Added a Livre (unit of currency) already 2 Livre.
 Charged 10% interest from loans.
 For their regular expense, cost of maintain
army, court, offices and universities.
 They need much more money to cater this needs.
 King imposed lot of tax to the people.
 Society was divided in to three part- last section of the
people forced to pay all the tax.

4. Social Causes of F.R
 Social system was part of Feudal system.
 Society was divided in to three estates- seen your
text books.
 90% population- peasants but very few of them
occupied the land.
 60% of land occupied nobles, rich members in
third estate and church.
 The first two estate engaged lot of privileges.
 They were exempted from the tax.
 Peasants- forced to serve landlords
house, fields, army and particular labour.

5. Role of Religion (Christian
churches)
 The churches acquired the land property.
 They imposed tax from the peasants- Tithes ( one
tenth of the agricultural product).
 Taille another important direct tax imposed by
state.
 Lot of indirect taxes.
 Imposed tax- utensils like salt and tobacco.
 These tax imposed only for the third estate.

6. Shortage of Food (or) struggle for
survival
 1715-1789 population increased.
 Need much more food grains.
 The landlords paid very low fixed wages.
 But the price of the bread was too high.
 So the poor people failed to meet their needs.
 So gap between poor and rich increased.
 This led subsistence crisis (extreme situation).
 The bad harvest adds much more problems.

7. Emergence of Middle class
people
 The peasants and workers participated revolts
against imposing of tax and food scarcity.
 But a group within the third estate they became
prosperous and earned education.
 18- emerged a new social group- middleclass.
 They earned wealth- overseas trade, engaged in
the woolen and silk textile.
 Exporting.
 Merchants, manufactures, lawyers and
administers, they got education and believed that
no group in the society by birth noble or clergy.

8. Role of Philosophers in F.R
 They put forward the idea of- Freedom, equal laws and
opportunities. (Equality, Liberty and fraternity)
 John Locke, Jean Jacque Rousseau, Montesquieu and
Voltaire.
 Locke- Two Treatise of Govt- refute the doctrine of divine
and absolute monarchy.
 Rousseau- The Social Contract- form of govt based on
social contract between the people and their
representatives.
 Montesquieu- Spirit of Law- The division of power within
the govt between Legislature, Executive and
Judiciary.(mode of govt in USA)
 These ideas discussed- salons, coffeshop, newspapers
and books.
 Read in loudly- helped the illiterate people.
 Louie 16- tried to impose the tax state protest this system

9. Outbreak of the war
 Louie 16- decided to held Estate general.
 Estate General- Rep from three estate.
 But the king he can decide- last (1614)
 1789- 300 from first two estate (sited)
 Third estate- 600 (stand) (educated people only
with 40000 grievance and demand)
 Norms- one vote each estate.
 Third estate opposed- vote based on individual
participation.
 Failed this they boycott the meeting and
assembled indoor tennis court- Tennis court Oath.

10.  Winter- Bad harvest.
 Price of bread was too high.
 Bakers tried to exploit this situation.
 Long queues.
 So woman burnt that shop and started internal
revolt.
 Villages were captured by the peasants, looted
grains, burned the documents, attacked the
chateause (residence nobles).
 Nobles fled from home and migrated neighboring
countries.

11. Result of this attempts
 Louie 16 agreed the recommends of the third
estate.
 Accepted their principles.
 Constitution- check the power of the king.
 1789 Aug 4- national Assembly passed the
constitution and abolished the feudal system and
tax.
 Tithes abolished and church properties were
confiscated.

12. Constitution
 Structure of the constitution (plz seen
the page number 10).
 Declaration of Rights of man (page
number 11).

13. Political Symbols
 Broken chain- Free
 Bundle of rods or fasces- Strength like unity.
 The eye within a triangle radiating light-
Knowledge
 Sceptre- Symbol of royal power.
 Snake biting its tail to form a ring- no beginning
and end.
 Red Phrygian cap- free from slave.
 Blue- White- red- national colours of France.
 The winged woman- personification of law.
 The law tablet- law is same for all and equal.

14. France abolished monarchy
and became republic
 Louie 16
 Prussia and Austria (worried the dvpt)
 N.A declared war against.
 War between people and aristocrats in Europe.
 Men fought in front and woman at home.
 Political clubs; Jacobin club- find out the members of
this party).
 Finally imprisoned the royal family and abolished
monarchy.
 Louie 16 sentenced to death- and his wife
 After that a period of terror reign (seen the texts)

15. Role of Woman
 Actively participated in the events.
 They brought changes in the French societies
 They believed that their involvement improve their
lives.
 Third estate woman worked for living.
 Especially they were worked in- Plz seen the text
book.
 No Edn and Job training.
 They were maintained their families also.
 Their wages was lower to compare with man.
 They were started own political club and
Newspapers.
 60 woman clubs. (The Society of revolution and
Republican woman)

16.  They demanded same political right of man.
 They were disappointed – constitution passes by
national assembly in 1791- treated passive citizens.
 They demanded the right for vote and participation in
the National assembly.
 Early years – national assembly introduced good
things favour to the woman.
 Started schools and schooling became compulsory.
 Marriage- with their permission
 Divorce- legal for both man and woman.
 During the time of terror reign their political clubs were
banned and prominent leaders were executed.
 1946- they won the right for vote.
 Life of revolutionary woman- Olympe de Gouges

17. Abolition of Slavery
 Page No 21.

18. Napoleon Bonaparte
 1804- crowned.
 Conquered the European countries and destroyed
monarchy and created his kingdom.
 Modernised Europe.
 Many laws.
 Uniform weights and measures.
 Decimal system.
 Initially he was a Liberal leader- bring freedom for
the people.
 He finally defeated- Waterloo in 1815.
 His ideas of liberty and modernity spread in all parts
of Europe.

19. Impacts of French
Revolution
 The idea of liberty and democratic rights
important legacy of F.R
 It spread in all parts of Europe.
 Feudal system abolished.
 Colonised people reworked the idea of freedom
from bondages.
 It strengthened their movts to create a sovereign
state.
 Tippu Sultan and Raja Ram Mohan Roy