Parking De-mystified What is one of the most overlooked obstacles to transit-oriented development? Parking! Join us as we de-mystify the science of parking and turn traditional theories on their heads. Explore the fundamental topics of shared parking, parking demand estimation, parking code impacts, in-lieu fees, parking management, parking technologies and safe parking design. Hear best practices from the parking management toolbox developed for the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). Learn how other communities benefit from implementing a comprehensive parking management system -- from new revenue streams to the creation of business improvement districts. Moderator: Jean Sanson, AICP, Principal Consultant, Steer Davies Gleave, Denver, Colorado Craig Blakely, Strategic Planner, Department of Planning and Economic Development, City of St. Paul, St. Paul, Minnesota Lisa Jacobson, Senior Associate, Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts Brett Wood, PE, CAPP, Parking and Transportation Consultant, Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona

1. Getting Parking Right
Presented by Lisa Jacobson
Rail~Volution | Minneapolis | September 2014

2. $20,000
$20,000
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Parking Wastes Money
Thank you, Don Shoup!

3. Parking Wastes Land

If you require more than 3 spaces per 1,000 sq ft, you’re requiring more parking than land use
3

4. Parking Space
10’ x 20’ = 200 ft2
Bedroom 9’ x 11’ = 99 ft2
Office Cubicle
8’ x 9’ = 72 ft2
Restaurant Table
5’ x 5’ = 25 ft2
Tensions

6. Sources: “A Heavy Load: The Combined Housing and Transportation Burdens of Working Families,” Center for Neighborhood Technology, 2006. “The Affordability Index: A New Tool for Measuring the True Affordability of a Housing Choice,” Center for Neighborhood Technology, 2008. Sedway Cook studies of parking and housing costs in San Francisco and Oakland.
Parking Worsens Housing Affordability
•
For each parking space required in a residential unit:
–
Price of unit increases 15- 30%
–
Number of units that can be built on typical parcel decreases 15-25%
•
Fannie Mae: Getting rid of a car = extra $100,000 in mortgage
•
At >300 sq ft, each parking space consumes more space than an efficiency apartment
6

7. 7
Stop competing with parking
Montgomery County Planning Department

8. 8
Start competing with place

9. Parking will Drive you Crazy

10. So what do we do? 10 Key Principles for Smarter Parking

11. 1. Focus on Availability
Methodological approach:

Not turnover. Turnover Availability
11

12. 2. Pricing not Time Limits
Put your customers first.
12

13. 3. Set the Right Price
On-Street:
$0.50/hr.
Harbor Garage:
$1.50/hr.

14. … and the Right Time Span

15. 4. Smart Technology

16. - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800
5. Use Resources Efficiently
Time of Day
Spaces Used

17. - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800
Office (150k SF):
Real Demand
Unshared Supply
2pm

18. - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800
Restaurant (150k SF): Real Demand
12pm
Unshared Supply

19. - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800
Residential (150k SF/1000 units): Real Demand
2 am
Unshared Supply

20. - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800
Unshared Supply
31% Less
Mixed Use  Shared Parking
Shared

21. 6. Invest Revenue 21

25. Impact on Sales Tax Revenue 25
Pasadena Retail Sales Tax Revenue$0$500,000$1,000,000$1,500,000$2,000,000$2,500,000198919911993199519971999Year Sales Tax Revenue Old PasadenaPlayhouse DistrictPlaza PasadenaSouth Lake

26. 7. Parking for People

27. 27

28. 8. Eliminate Minimum Parking Requirements
Adam Millard-Ball, NelsonNygaard

29. Tailor Parking Requirements

Parking demand varies with geographic factors:
–
Density
–
Transit Access
–
Income
–
Household size

Cities can tailor parking requirements to meet demand, based on these factors

Does not seek to constrain demand

30. 9. Create Great Places to Walk 30

31. Medford Garage | Chevalier Access: High/Forest Streetfront
Source: Utile, Inc.,
Medford, MA

32. Medford Garage | Existing Site
Source: Utile, Inc.
73
spaces

33. Medford Garage | Garage View: Full Site Source: Utile, Inc.
238
spaces

34. LOCATION BASED PARKING OCCUPANCY

35. West Square
570 Parking Spaces
East Square 750 Parking Spaces

36. Medford Garage | Chevalier Access: High/Forest Streetfront Source: Utile, Inc.,
Medford, MA
West Square
East Square

37. PEDESTRIAN LEVEL-OF-SERVICE
MAXIMUM Pedestrian Delay
A
B
C
D
E
F
Seconds
Likelihood of Noncompliance
<10
Low
10-20
21-30
Moderate
31-40
41-60
High
>60
Very High

38. Melrose, MA
Medford, MA

39. Melrose, MA
Medford, MA

40. PROPOSED DESIGN
NEW DELAY
5-MINUTE WALKING AREA

41. 
$7.5 M for 165 spaces
or
$1.5 M for 90 spaces and improved public space
Medford, MA

42. Source: WMATA May 2002 weekday Metrorail ridership and access data
Arlington’s 5 Stations:
39,500 daily boardings
12.9%
Auto (incl. Drop-
off)
73.0%
2.0%
7.5%
3.6%
1.0%
Walk
Metrobus
Bus/Vanpool
Other
Fairfax’s 5 Stations:
29,250 daily boardings
Auto
14.6%
9.3%
4.8%
57.6%
12.0%
1.7%
Walk
Metrobus
Other Bus/Vanpool
Auto (incl. drop-off)
Other
No Response/Unknown
10. More Parking ≠ More Ridership

43. 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Parking lot fills
Unmanaged parking
Managed parking
TOD Station
Smart Rail Station Parking: Efficiency

44. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Boardings
Occupied
MBTA Commuter Rail: Park & Ride Stations
Average of 1.9 boardings per parked car

45. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Boardings
Occupied
MBTA Commuter Rail: Village Settings
Average of 4.7 boardings per parked car

46. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Boardings
Occupied
MBTA Commuter Rail: Downtowns
Average of 6.6 boardings per parked car

47. CHANGE?! NO WAY! 47

48. NELSONNYGAARD CONSULTING ASSOCIATES © 2013
Lisa Jacobson
77 Franklin St, 10th Floor
Boston, MA 02110
(617) 521-9404
ljacobson@nelsonnygaard.com