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AN OVERVIEW
Theterm INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM(ITS) refersto effortsto add information and
communicationstechnology to transport infrastructurein an
effort to managefactors, such asvehicles, loads, and routesto
improvesafety and reducevehiclewear, travel time, and fuel
consumption.
ITSprovidesinformation to theroad user i.e. pedestrians,
vehicleseither motorized or non-motorized for theeasy and
efficient useof existing road network.
Interest in ITScomesfrom theproblemscaused by traffic
congestion
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CURRENTSCENARIO
Japan and U.S.A. seemsto haveinitiated thewholemodern
day notion of ITSwith work carried out in the1980sand
1970srespectively.
TheWorld Congressand Exhibition on Intelligent Transport
Systemsand Servicestook placein Stockholm in September
2009 giscussing ITSin Daily Lifeand exploring how ITScan
improveeveryday mobility.
In India, Mysoreistheonly city wheretendersfor ITShas
been finalized recently under theapproval of World Bank and
theGovernment of India.
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Necessity of ITS
India is going through a periods of huge change in
transportation field due to:
Rapidly growing economy.
Insufficient and adequate public transportation system.
Rising vehicles ownership level.
Low speed, increased accidents rate, increased fuel consumption
and increased pollution level.
Traffic congestion.
Difficult to construct alternative roads to meet demands.
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Wireless
communication
Various forms of wireless communications technologies
have been proposed for intelligent transportation
systems.
Short-range communications (less than 450 meters) can be accomplished
using IEEE 802.11 protocols. Theoretically, the range of these protocols
can be extended using Mobile ad-hoc networks or Mesh networking.
Longer range communications have been proposed using infrastructure
networks such as WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM), or 3G.
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Computational
Technologies
Technological in telecommunications and
information technology, coupled with Radio
Frequency Identification have enhanced the technical
capabilities that will facilitate motorist safety benefits
for intelligent transportation systems globally.
Sensing systems for ITS are vehicle- infrastructure
based networked systems.
Infrastructure sensors are indestructible devices that
are installed in the road or surrounding the road as
required.
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Floating Car
data/Cellular data
"Floating car" data collection is a relatively low-cost methods for
obtaining travel time and speed data for vehicles traveling along
streets, highways, freeways, and other transportation routes.
Broadly speaking, 3 methods have been used to obtain the raw data:
Triangulation Method
Vehicle Re-Identification
GPS Based Methods
Floating car data technology provides advantages over other methods
of traffic measurement:
Less expensive than sensors or cameras
More coverage (potentially including all locations and streets)
Faster to set up and less maintenance
Works in all weather conditions, including heavy rain
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Triangulation
Method.
In the mid 2000s, attempts were made to use mobile
phones as anonymous traffic probes. As a car moves, so
does the signal of any mobile phones that are inside the
vehicle. By measuring and analyzing network data using
triangulation, pattern matching or cell-sector statistics the
data was converted into traffic flow information
An advantage of this method is that no infrastructure needs
to be built along the road; only the mobile phone network
is leveraged.
By the early 2010s, the popularity of the triangulation
method was declining.
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Cont…
Vehicle Re-identification
This method requires sets of detectors mounted along the road. In this
technique, a unique serial number for a device in the vehicle is detected at
one location and then detected again (re-identified) further down the road.
Travel times and speed are calculated by comparing the time at which a
specific device is detected by pairs of sensors. This can be done using the
MAC (Machine Access Control) addresses from Bluetooth devices.
GPS Based Methods
An increasing number of vehicles are equipped with in-vehicle GPS
(satellite navigation) systems that have two-way communication with a
traffic data provider. Position readings from these vehicles are used to
compute vehicle speeds.
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Video vehicles
Detection
Video vehicle detection (VVD) is the One of the most widely used method.
Video detection is an image processor. It consists of a microprocessor-base
CPU and software that analyzes video images. Using a mouse and interactive
graphics, the user places virtual "detectors“ on the video image displayed on
a monitor.
Statistics can be progressively transmitted to a server for real-time analysis.
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Electronic Toll
Collection
Today, most toll roads are equipped with an electronic toll-
collection system, like E-ZPass, that detects and processes tolls
electronically.
E-Z Pass uses a vehicle-mounted transponder that is activated
by an antenna on a toll lane. The account information is stored
in the transponder. The antenna identifies transponder and
reads the account information. The amount of the toll is
deducted and you're allowed through.
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Emergency vehicle
notification systems
Intelligent transportation systems
particularly the FCD (Floating Car Data )
model can also be used to provide advance
warning to motorists of traffic jams,
accidents and other emergency situations.
This system can then provide alternative
routes or recommendations to motorists
so as to avoid congestion and travel delays.
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Automatic Road
Enforcement
Speed cameras :That identify vehicles traveling over the legal speed
limit. Many such devices use radar to detect a vehicle's speed or
electromagnetic loops buried in each lane of the road.
Red light cameras :That detect vehicles that cross a stop line or
designated stopping place while a red traffic light is showing
Bus lane cameras :That identify vehicles traveling in lanes reserved
for buses. In some cases bus lanes can also be used by taxis or
vehicles engaged in car pooling.
Level crossing cameras: That identify vehicles crossing railways at
grade illegally.
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Conclusions
Increased productivity
Reduction in travel time.
Reduced traffic congestion.
Control over fuel consumption.
Decrease in number of accidents.
Safety on roads by using Vehicle Tracking System.
Efficient use of existing infrastructure.
Increased tourist/road user satisfaction.
Patronage of public transportation system.
![LOGO
INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM
[ ITS ]
Mentor - Asst Prof.
T.T. Barik
Submitted By-
SANOJ KUMAR
Reg no: 1201229040](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intelligenttransportionsystem-160408160151/85/Intelligent-transportion-system-1-320.jpg)
