The Indian Constitution was created after independence from Britain in 1947. It was influenced by several other constitutions from around the world, including the British parliamentary system, U.S. concepts of judicial independence and fundamental rights, Canada's federal system, and Germany's emergency provisions. The constitution was drafted over three years by a committee chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. It was adopted on November 26, 1949 and enacted on January 26, 1950, establishing India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with concepts of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity according to the preamble.

1. Topic : Overview of Indian constitution
Course : LLB
Subject: Constitutional History of India
Unit : 3

2. The Indian Constitution
Pre – Independence
1. 1600-1765 : The coming of the Britishes & their
establishment
2. 1765-1875 : The British East India Company rule in
India
3. 1875-1947 : Rule of the British Monarchy

3. The Indian Constitution
Precedecessors to the Indian Constitution
 The Charter Act, 1813,1833,1853
 Indian Councils Act, 1892,1909
 The Government of India Act - 1919, 1935
 The Indian Independence Act, 1947

4. The Indian Constitution
Evolution : British legacy visible in…
 Bi- cameral Parliamentary system
 The administrative system including the Civil Services,
 Central Secretariat managing the admin of the
Central govt.
 Military & Judicial system and so on…

5. The Indian Constitution
Comparative Study
 The India Constitution was formed after a careful
study of numerous constitutions apart from the
British Laws.
 We may proudly say that our Constitution uses some
of the best concepts from all over the world.

6. The Indian Constitution
Basic Source
 The Indian Constitution bears a strong resemblance
to the Govt. of India Act, 1935
 Approximately 250 clauses have been taken either
verbatim or with minor changes.

7. The Indian Constitution
Concepts inspired by:
 British Laws
 Law making procedure
 Rule of Law
 Single citizenship
 Parliamentary system

8. The Indian Constitution
Concepts inspired by:
 US Constitution
 Independence of the Judiciary
 Fundamental Rights
 President as the Executive Head

9. The Indian Constitution
Concepts inspired by:
 Canada
 Federal System with a strong centre
 Ireland
 Directive Principles

10. The Indian Constitution
Concepts inspired by:
 Germany
 Emergency provisions
 Ernstwhile USSR
 Fundamental Duties

11. The Indian Constitution
Concepts inspired by:
 France
 Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
 Union of South Africa
 Amendment of Constitution
and so on…..

12. The Indian Constitution
Historical Facts:
 Chairman of the Drafting Committee : Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar, rightly called the Father of the Indian
Constitution
 Committee took nearly 3 Years for completion of the
Constitution
 Adopted on NOVEMBER 26, 1949
 Enacted on JANUARY 26, 1950

13. The Indian Constitution
Numbers:
 The Draft Constitution had 315 Articles and 8
Schedules, while.
 The Constitution , when adopted on Nov 26, 1949,
had 395 Articles divided in 22 parts with
8 Schedules

14. The Indian Constitution
The Indian Constitution has:
 Preamble
 Articles
 Charters
 Schedules
 Appendices
 Indian Penal Code
 Amendments

15. The Indian Constitution
The Preamble :
 It lists the intentions & spirit of the Constitution
 Key Words : “ ….. Resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR,
DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC….., JUSTICE,
LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY…”

16. The Indian Constitution
The Preamble :
 Legally speaking it was as late as 1973 that the
Preamble was acknowledged as the integral part of
the Indian Constitution.
(Keshvanand Bharti Case) By Supreme Court

17. The Indian Constitution
The Words :
 SOVEREIGN : Independent of any external powers
 SOCIALIST : Welfare State
 SECULAR : Rising above religious difference for the
welfare of citizens
 DEMOCRATIC : Fair Elections
 REPUBLIC : Power not hereditary

18. references
1.Bakshi P.M. The Constitution of India
2.Gandhi B.M, Indian legal & Constitutional
History
3. Jain M.P, The constitution Law
.

19. The Indian Constitution
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