1. Microprocessors…
-electronic conquestadors

2. The beginning…
1955 - William Shockley - shockley semiconductor
1957 – Gordon Moore & Robert Noyce
- Fairchild Semiconductor
*Intelcorporation started microchips
*Developed 4004 for vizicom calculators
1971 – Invention of Microprocessor

3. • During 1970’s chips were upgraded from 4004
to 8008
1975 - Microcomputer chips such as Scelbi – 8H
and Micral were used
1980- Usage of small microprocessors reduced
• On the other hand desktops and computers
helped for upgradation of microprocessors

5. The Upgradation…
Prominent consumer CPU
Generation First introduced Linear/physical address space
brands
1978 Intel 8086, Intel 8088 and clones
1 16-bit / 20-bit (segmented)
Intel 80186, Intel 80188 and
1982
clones, NEC V20/V30
Intel 80386 and clones, AMD
3 (IA-32) 1985
Am386
Intel486 and clones, AMD
4 (FPU) 1989
Am486/Am5x86
IDT/Centaur-C6, Cyrix III-
4/5 1997 Samuel, VIA C3-Samuel2 / VIA 32-bit (46-bit virtual) / 32-bit
C3-Ezra (2001), VIA C7 (2005)
Pentium, Pentium MMX, Cyrix
5 1993
5x86, Rise mP6
5/6 1996 AMD K5, Nx586 (1994)

6. Pentium Pro, Cyrix
1995 6x86, Cyrix MII, Cyrix III-
Joshua (2000)
6
1997 AMD K6/-2/3, Pentium II/III
As above / 36-bit physical
Pentium M, Intel (PAE)
2003
Core (2006)
1999 Athlon, Athlon XP
7
2000 Pentium 4
2000 Transmeta Crusoe, Efficeon
2004 Pentium 4 Prescott
7/8 64-bit / 40-bit physical in
2006 Intel Core 2 first AMD implementation
2008 VIA Nano
8 (x86-64) 2003 Athlon 64, Opteron
2007 AMD Phenom
Intel Core i3/i5/i7, AMD As above / 48-bit physical
8/9
Phenom II for AMD Phenom
2008
Intel Atom

7. INTRODUCTION TO BASIC TERMS
 INPUT DEVICE AND INPUT INTEGRATED CIRCUIT(IIC)
 OUTPUT DEVICE AND OUTPUT INTEGRATED CIECUIT
(OIC)
 BITS
 LOW LEVEL LANGUANGE (LLL)
 HIGH LEVEL LANGUANGE (HLL)
 DECODING
 MEMORY
 ARITHEMATIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU)
 CONTROL UNIT (CU)
 REGISTER ARRAYS

8. MICROPROCESSOR CHARACTERSTICS
 PROGRAMMABLE DEVICE – Designed by engineers and
programmers to perform a particular task.
 MULTIPURPOSE AND MULTITAKING CHIP – Multiple
tasks can be performed simultaneously.
 RESISTER-BASED ELECTRONIC DEVICE – Ability of storing
temporary values of variables when program is getting
executed.
 Having all these characteristics, it is a device that
accepts binary data as input from a user or a client,
processes it according to the instructions given, and
provides the final result as output.

9. CPU, MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER
TILL 1960 AFTER 1960
(CPU) (MICROPROCESSOR)
REGISTER
ALU ALU
ARRAYS
CU CONTROL UNIT
MICROCONTROLLER
IIC AND OIC
ALU
REGISTER
CU
ARRAYS

10. MICROPROCESSOR WORKING FLOW CHART
FETCHING IN
DECODING EXECUTION
MEMORY
SYSTEM BUS
REGISTER
ALU
ARRAYS
CU
INPUT PROCESSED
SIGNAL DATA

11. Applications of Microprocessors…
• Instrumentation
• Control
• Communication
• Office automation and publication
• Consumer

12. Instrumentation
* Used in medical instrumentation
* Used as controllers
Ex: Frequency controllers,Spectrum analyses
Control
* Used to control home applainces
* Used to control various parameters

13. Communication
* Used in telephone industry
Ex : Digital telephone sets,modem
* Usage of microprocessors in Teleconference
Ex ; LAN , Railway reservations
Office automation & publication
* Used in software packages
* Used for spreadsheet operations,wordprocessing

14. Consumer
* Used in entertainment equipment
* They are applicable to a widerange of
information processing tasks
* Facilitates to make use of vast information
* Most of the electronic devices contain built in
microprocessors

15. Future scope
*Microprocessors are more like market pull rather than
a technology push phenomenon.
Visible Form - Computers etc…
Invisible Form - Controlling and maintaining.
• Development in the usage for Architectural and
technical purpoes

16. • Speeding up of execution – Chips with better
mechanism will be made
• Single Functioning micro processor chips will be
made
• Upgraded models might be seen
ex: 17 MODEL
• Only technology to integrate and evolve itself…

17. Concluding Remarks…
A great 30 year history and a challenge
for next 30!
* Not a wall in performance growth but a slowing down
* Diminishing returns on silicon investment
Not just raw performance but…
* Performance per transistor
* Performance per watt

18. References:
• http://www.ehow.com/about_6173647_uses-
micropr
• www.altafkhan.com/cs101ppt/microprocessor
s.ppt ocessors.html
• www.authorstream.com/.../aSGuest40651-
349644-microprocessor-ed...

19. Thank You
Queries..?
-Electronic Conquestadors