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- 1. BIOELECTRICITY AND EXCITABLE TISSUE THE ORIGIN OF BIOELECTRICITY AND HOW NERVES WORK www.freelivedoctor.com
- 4. BIOELECTRICITY THE ORIGIN OF THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL www.freelivedoctor.com
- 6. IONS MOVE WITH THEIR HYDRATION SHELLS - + - + Hydration Shells - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + www.freelivedoctor.com Na + - + - + Cl - - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - +
- 7. ELECTRONEUTRAL DIFFUSSION HIGH SALT CONCEMTRATION LOW SALT CONCEMTRATION BARRIER SEPARATES THE TWO SOLUTIONS www.freelivedoctor.com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
- 8. ELECTRONEUTRAL DIFFUSSION + - CHARGE SEPARATION = ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL www.freelivedoctor.com HIGH SALT CONCEMTRATION LOW SALT CONCEMTRATION + - BARRIER REMOVED + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
- 9. ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL=CHARGE SEPARATION In water, without a membrane hydrated Chloride is smaller than hydrated Sodium, therefore faster: Cl - Na + The resulting separation of charge is called an ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL + - www.freelivedoctor.com
- 10. THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL M E M B R A N E Extracellular Fluid Intracellular Fluid Na + K + Sodium channel is less open causing sodium to be slower Potassium channel is more open causing potassium to be faster + - MEMRANE POTENTIAL (ABOUT 90 -120 mv) www.freelivedoctor.com
- 14. ACTIVE TRANSPORT ADP ATP www.freelivedoctor.com
- 17. THE NERVE CELL CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON AXON HILLOCK AXON TERMINALS www.freelivedoctor.com
- 19. EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIALS FOR IONS FOR EACH CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE ACROSS THE MEMBRANE THERE IS AN ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE WHICH WILL PRODUCE EQUILIBRIUM. AT EQUILIBRIUM NO NET ION FLOW OCCURS www.freelivedoctor.com
- 20. THE EQUILIBRIUM MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR POTASSIUM IS -90 mV + - CONCENTRATION POTENTIAL K + K + IN www.freelivedoctor.com
- 21. THE EQUILIBRIUM MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR SODIUM IS + 60 mV Na + Na + + - CONCENTRATION POTENTIAL IN OUT www.freelivedoctor.com
- 28. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL +++++ -------- --------------------- +++++++++++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
- 29. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL +++++ -------- --------------------- +++++++++++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
- 30. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL --+++ ++------ +++------------------ ---++++++++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
- 31. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL -------- +++++ ++++++------- -----------++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
- 32. SALTATORY CONDUCTION +++++ -------- -------- +++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT MYELIN NODE OF RANVIER NODE OF RANVIER www.freelivedoctor.com
- 36. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
- 37. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
- 38. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
- 39. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
- 40. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME ••• www.freelivedoctor.com
- 41. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
- 42. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
- 43. POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS RESTING POTENTIAL EPSP TIME www.freelivedoctor.com IPSP
- 44. TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME TOO FAR APART IN TIME: NO SUMMATION www.freelivedoctor.com
- 45. TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME CLOSER IN TIME: SUMMATION BUT BELOW THRESHOLD THRESHOLD www.freelivedoctor.com
- 46. TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME STILL CLOSER IN TIME: ABOVE THRESHOLD THRESHOLD www.freelivedoctor.com
- 47. SPATIAL SUMMATION TIME SIMULTANEOUS INPUT FROM TWO SYNAPSES: ABOVE THRESHOLD THRESHOLD www.freelivedoctor.com