The document discusses the physiology of menopause. It begins by defining menopause and perimenopause. It then describes the declining ovarian follicle pool starting in a woman's late 30s. This leads to compensated and decompensated ovarian failure as follicle numbers drop below 1000. During this transition, FSH and LH levels rise while estrogen levels drop. Other hormonal changes include reductions in androgens and progesterone. The consequences of menopause include short-term symptoms like hot flashes as well as long-term risks for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease due to lowered estrogen levels.
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