RAMSHA TAREEN KARACHI .

1. MEDICATION ERROR
PRESENTED BY GROUP # 3

2.  Medication errors, broadly defined as any error in the
prescribing, dispensing, or administration of a drug,
irrespective of whether such errors lead to adverse
consequences or not, are the single most preventable cause
of patient Harm.
DEFINIITON

3.  Inaccurate recording and transcribing orders.
 Unclear or erroneous labeling of drugs
 Misidentification of client
 Incomplete delivery of drugs
 Verification errors
 Use of inadequate knowledge or inaccurate knowledge
base.
 Time and performance pressure
SOURCES OF MEDICATION ERROR

4. TYPES OF
MEDICATION
ERROR

5.  It is the failure to administer by nurse
the physician's ordered dose. These
errors includes patients intake of less
than prescribed dose or discontinuing of
drug before prescribed time and
omitting dose prescribed as needed,
when it is needed. The medication
omission is not regarded as an error if
patient refuse to take medication or if
dose is not administered because of any
recognized contraindications.
1. OMISSION ERROR

6.  It is the giving of drug dose not
authorized for a particular patient. It
includes error as the administration of
drug to a wrong patient, duplication of
doses or intake of an unordered drug.
A dose given outside a stated set of
clinical parameter e.g. medication
ordered to administer only if the
patient blood pressure falls below a
pre determined level. These errors may
lead to unpredictable blood level of
the drug in patient.
2. UNAUTHORIZED DRUG ERROR

7. 3. WRONG DOSE ERROR
 A wrong dose error is
administration of wrong
number of performed drug
units e.g. two tablets instead
of one or one tablet instead
of two.

8.  The giving of a drug by a route
other than the prescribed one. For
example, administration of drug
through IM route instead of
employing an IV or oral intake of
transdermal patch.
4. WRONG ROUTE ERROR

9.  It is the medication error in which a
dose is given at a wrong site. For
example, instilling of a drug into
left ear instead of right.
 This error leads to no therapeutic
response.
5. WRONG SITE ERROR

10.  The administration of a drug at
a rate not specified in patient's
order. For example, the
administration of a short term
infusion when a bolus IV
infusion was ordered.
6. WRONG RATE ERROR

11.  Intake of drug in a different
dosage form than that of the
specified in physician order.
 For example, use of an ophthalmic
ointment when the solution was
ordered.
7. WRONG DOSAGE FORM ERROR

12.  The wrong dose error is an
administration of a dose of a drug
greater or lesser than its scheduled
medication time. This error also
includes intake of a dose
prescribed as needed, at a time
other than when needed in
prescription. A hospital sets a
policy for maximum permissible
deviation of an administration
time.
 In most of the hospitals it is, ±1
hour.
8. WRONG TIME ERROR

13.  The type of error is an incorrect
preparation of a dose not
complied with physician in
instruction. For example, use of
incorrect reconstitution volume,
wrong dilution, not shaking a
suspension, not keeping a light
sensitive drug protected from a
light etc.
 The use of a expired drug is
included in this category.
9. WRONG PREPARATION OF A DOSE

14. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING
MEDICATION ERROR

15.  Lack of knowledge of the prescribed drug, its recommended
dose, and of the patient details contribute to prescribing
errors.
 Illegible handwriting.
 Inaccurate medication history taking.
 Confusion with the drug name.
 Inappropriate use of decimal points. A zero should
 Always precede a decimal point (e.g. 0·1). Use of a trailing
zero (e.g. 1·0).
 Use of abbreviations (e.g. AZT has led to confusion between
zidovudine and azathioprine).
 Use of verbal orders.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS INCLUDE

16. STEPS TO BE
TAKEN IN
PREVENTING
MEDICATION
ERROR

17.  Follow the rights of medication administration
 Right patient
 Right drug
 Right dose
 Right time
 Right route
 Right recording
 Right assessment
 Right education
 Right evaluation
 Right to refuse medication
STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN PREVENTING
MEDICATION ERROR

18.  Double check all calculation, even simple calculation
 Do not allow any other activity to interrupt your
administration of medication to a client.
 Routinely refer to drug interaction charts or drug reference
source and commit common interactive drugs to memory.
 Do not use any unstandard abbreviation and symbols,
question if any one use
 Read the leaflet of the drug carefully when giving new drug
first time.
 Do not make assumptions of illegible orders.
 Do not accept incomplete orders and telephonic or verbal
orders.