propaganda

1. TITLE LAYOUT
Subtitle

2. Presented by:
Mohammad Haris & Mohammad Shahzaib
Presented to:
Mohammad Sheikh Mateen

3. PROPAGANDA

4. WHAT IS PROPAGANDA?
• Propaganda is used for information, ideas, or rumours intentionally
spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement,
institution, or nation.
• Ideas are spread creatively through media in order to present a
strong government message.

5. ORIGIN OF PROPAGANDA
Propaganda was not an American invention. The term originated with
the Roman Catholic Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, and order of the
Church establish by Papal Bull in 1622.
The term propaganda came to refer to a certain type of communication
strategy.
The ultimate goal of propagandists is to change the way people act and
to leave the believing that those action are voluntary, that the newly
adopted behaviours and the opinions are their own.

6. TYPES OF PROPAGANDA
As U.S theorists studied propaganda, they came to differentiate in
three types.
• Black
• White
• Grey

7. BLACK PROPAGANDA
• Black propaganda is the intentionally and strategic transmission of
lies.

8. WHITE PROPAGANDA
• White propaganda is that in which propagandist support the idea that
are helpful in achieving their objective.

9. GREY PROPAGANDA
• Grey propaganda is the transmission of information and ideas that
might or might not be false. No effort is made to determine their
validity.

10. WMD AND THE WAR IN IRAQ
What caused the war in Iraq?
• Many events led up to the start of the war in Iraq, but the one event that initially ignited the war
was the tragedy of September 11, 2001. On this day, terrorist hijacked two Boeing 747 passenger
jets and piloted them into the sides of the Twin Towers of the World Trade Centre.
• Why the United States declared war on Iraq?
President Bush gave congress four reasons to declare war on Iraq.
1. Saddam Hussein is our greatest threat. Iraq has Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) that
violated the 1991 agreement to unconditionally give them up.
2. To instill democracy in Iraq.
3. Although these are the reasons that President Bush gave for going to war, the true reason that
people believe that we went to war is for the oil.
4. If the United States lost control over the oil in the Persian Gulf, their position as a dominate
world power would be questioned.

11. PROPAGANDA COMES TO THE UNITED STATES
• In America power of propaganda was given serious consideration
specially in the year of world war 1.
• Propaganda is an essential tool that is used to manage modern social
order and also to mobilize masses.
• Hitler’s rise to power in Germany was due to its control over radio
and newspaper that provided powerful new media for propaganda
messages.
• In the United states battle line in the propaganda war was between
the elites and the broad range of social movements and small
extremist political groups.

12. WALT DISNEY’S PROPAGANDA
• Most of Disney’s characters such as: Donald Duck and Mickey
Mouse weren't just for entertainment, Those characters were for
propaganda purposes and for the education of the Americans about
the enemies they had.
• The animators were hired to make hidden symbols for military units
and equipment.

13. VIDEO EXAMPLE OF DISNEY’S PROPAGANDA
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASW3UCc17AI
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZcs1SHVbz0&feature=related

14. BEHAVIOURISM
• Watson’s theory become known as Behaviourism.
• The notion that all human actions is a conditioned response to
external environmental stimuli.
• Every behaviour is to gain reward or avoid punishment.
• Media is acting as a external stimuli that trigger the responses in
public.
• Magic bullet theory

16. FREUDIANISM
Freud’s notion that human behaviour is the product of the conflict
between ID, EGO and SUPEREGO.
• EGO:
The rational mind.
• ID:
The egocentric pleasure-seeking part of the mind.
• SUPEREGO
The internalized set of cultural rules.

17. HAROLD LASSWELL
• He was a leading American political scientist
and communications theorist. He was a PhD
student at the University of Chicago, and he was
a professor of law at Yale University. He served
as president both of the American Political
Science Association (APSA) and of the World
Academy of Art and Science.
born on: February 13, 1902
died on: December 18, 1978

18. LASSWELL PROPAGANDA THEORY
• According to the Lasswell, communication need a long-term well
developed campaign strategy.
• Master symbol associated with strong emotions and possess the
power to stimulate beneficial large scale mass action. If they are
used wisely.

19. DDDDD

20. WALTER LIPPMANN
• He was an American writer, reporter, and political
commentator famous for being among the first to
introduce the concept of Cold War.
Born on September 23, 1889
Died on December 14, 1974

21. LIPPMANN THEORY OF PUBLIC OPINION
FORMATION
• World out side and the picture in our head.
• For example:
Mexicans are lazy and came into America illegally; all Arabs
and Muslims are terrorists; the English have bad teeth; Italian or
French people are the best lovers; African Americans are all good at
sport.

22. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF PROPAGANDA
1. Strengths
• Is first systematic theory of mass communication.
• Focuses attention on why media might have powerful effects.
• Identifies personal, social, and cultural factors that can enhance
media’s power to have effects.
• Focuses attention on the use of campaigns to cultivate symbols.

23. 1. Weaknesses
• Underestimates abilities of average people to evaluate messages.
• Ignores personal, social and cultural factors that limit media effects.
• Overestimates the speed and range of media effects.

24. 7 PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES
• Institute of propaganda analysis had at its core the goal of
identifying propaganda techniques and teaching average people
about them so they could defend themselves against the
propagandist’s work

25. 1. NAME CALLING
It is the use of derogatory
language or words that carry a
negative implication when
describing an enemy

26. 2. GLITTERING GENERALITIES
In the guise of slogans or simple
catchphrases ,propagandists use
vague ,sweeping statements without
offering supporting evidence.

27. 3. TRANSFER
The act of relating
something or someone we
like or respect with a
product. Symbols are
constantly used in this
form.

28. 4. TESTIMONIAL
Quotations or
endorsements, in or out
of context, which
attempt to connect a
famous or respectable
person with a product or
item

29. 5. PLAIN FOLKS
• An attempt by the
propagandist to convince
the public that his views
reflect those of the
common person and that
they are also working for
the benefit of the
common person

30. 6. BANDWAGON
• An appeal to the
audience to follow the
crowd and to join in
because others are doing
so as well

31. 7. CARD STACKING
• Strategy of showing the
product's best features.
Telling half-truths and
emitting or lying about it's
potential problems

32. MODERN PROPAGANDA THEORY
• Herman and Chomsky
argued in the 1988 that
there were five political
economic filters through
which news passed before
it was presented in the
mainstream media.

33. • The Media is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a small number of
private companies, owned by wealthy individuals.
• Advertising as primary source of income. It is against the interests of the
news media to produce content that might antagonize advertisers.
• Reliance on information provided by “expert” and official sources besides
this business leaders, politicians, elites and government officials are also
typical sources of information
• “Flak” refers to negative response to a media statement or program
• This filter mobilizes the population against a common enemy (terrorism,
energy insecurity, Iran…)

34. THE ELITES

35. NEW TECHNIQUES OF PROPAGANDA
• The creation of Obama poster is a
perfect example of modern
propaganda for it’s use of colour and
influence text

36. Haris Shahzaib