Hotel Engineering Training Lighting System

1. Jl.
Jl Tukad Batanghari VIII/7A – Denpasar – Bali – Indonesia
Tel: (62) 361 7910518 Fax: (62) 361 7910518
Lighting Systems
Drs. Agustinus Agus Purwanto, MM

2. Basic lighting terms
Visible light ROY G BIV
Color rendition
Lumen
Illumination
Footcandles

3. Light sources
Natural light (sunlight)
– inexpensive and can contribute much to overall
lighting needs
– drawbacks
solar heat gain
glare
fading and physical deterioration of fabrics
Common artificial light sources
– incandescent l
i d t lamps
– electric discharge lamps

4. Incandescent lamps
Advantages
– instant starting and restarting
– low in cost
– good color rendition
Disadvantages
– short lifetime
– poor efficiency
– high operating cost
– adds heat to building
Types
– Conventional
– rough service or vibration
– Tungsten
– reflector

5. Electric discharge lamps
Advantages
– longer lifetimes
– higher efficiency
– low operating cost
Disadvantages
g
– slow starting and restarting
– higher cost
– poorer color rendition
Types
– Fluorescent
– mercury vapor
– metal halide
– high- and low-pressure sodium

6. Lighting system design elements
Light levels
– determined by the tasks or activities that will take
place within a space
– light levels measured by portable light meters;
Illuminating Engineers Society, Illuminating
Society
Engineering Society of North America, and the
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers recommend minimum
g g
light levels
– building area method vs. space-by-space method
– dimming controls

7. Lighting system design elements
Luminaires
– Components
C t
Lamps
lamp sockets
ballasts (for electric discharge lamps)
reflective material
lenses or louvers
Housing
– visual comfort probability
– coefficient of utilization

8. Lighting system design elements
Color rendition
– color of light affects appearance of surfaces, finishes, furnishings, etc.
– color rendering i d
l d i index
Safety
– lighting system must comply with local safety codes
– all luminaires need adequate ventilation, clearance, and proper wattage
– acryllic diffuser or tube safety shield for some lamps in some locations
(kitchens, for example)
– insufficient light
– glare
– widely varying light levels can be hazards
Emergency lighting
– must comply with local codes, which are often based on the Life Safety
Code and the National Electrical Code
– a delay of no more than ten seconds is permitted
– exit signs

9. Lighting system maintenance
Cleaning
– replace HVAC filters to cut down on dust
– semi-annual cleaning
– destaticization
Replacement
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– incandescent lamps replaced more often than fluorescents
– lumen depreciation
– group replacement vs. replacement upon burnout
– old lamps and ballasts must be disposed of properly
– recycling of fluorescent lamps and ballasts available in
some areas

10. Conservation opportunities
Efficient lighting
Control operating hours
Replace incandescents with fluorescents
when possible
p
Turn off lights when not needed
EMS methods
– Microprocessors/computer systems
Mi / t t
– photocell control
– ultrasonic or infrared sensors
– twist timers