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- 2. DEMANDA
- 5. La Ley de la Demanda Existe una relacion inversa entre el precio de un producto y la cantidad del producto que es demandada. Graficamente esta representada por una curva con pendiente negativa. Curva de Demanda para X Cantidad demanda de X Precio de X Curva D $100 3 $20 8
- 6. Curva de Demanda para Cerdo Procesado 14.30 3.30 4.30 288 Cantidad demanda de Cerdo Procesado Precio de Cerdo procesado 200 220
- 12. Incremento del precio de la carne de vacuno. Curva de Demanda para Cerdo Procesado 14.30 3.30 4.30 288 Cantidad demanda de Cerdo Procesado 200 220
- 13. Aumento del precio de raquetas de tenis. D2 D1 Demanda de pelotas de Tennis Precio Pelotas de Tennis Cantidad de Pelotas de Tennis.
- 15. Disminución del Ingreso del Consumidor D2 D1 Demanda de calzados deportivos Precio de Calzado deportivo Cantidad de calzados deportivos.
- 20. Estimación de demanda de autos nacionales Db ( 9.5 % interes) D ( 8.0 % interes) Da ( 6.5 % interes) 28 22 34 16 26 20 14
- 21. OFERTA
- 25. Oferta Curva de Oferta de Cerdo Procesado Q P
- 29. Curva de Oferta de Cerdo Procesado Q S1 s2 Aumento saláriales a los empleados P
- 32. Curva de Oferta de Cerdo Procesado S2 s1 Subsidio a la Industria de Embutidos P Qs
- 35. Equilibrio de Mercado S D 220 3.30 180 160 260 3.45 3.20
- 44. Precio Techo o Máximo Pe D 1 Gasolina s 2 P techo El precio Techo sí tiene efecto si es fijado debajo del precio de equilibrio
- 45. Pe D1 Gasolina s2 P techo El precio Techo no tiene efecto si es fijado Sobre el precio de equilibrio
- 46. Precios Mínimos o Precios pisos Se Dl Mercado Laboral sl Salario Mínimo Desempleo L d L s
- 47. Precios Mínimos o Precios pisos Se Dl Mercado Laboral sl Salario Mínimo
- 48. ELASTICIDAD
- 51. % Qtd Demandada P = --------------------------- % Precio Elasticidad Precio de Demanda ( P ) - Respuesta de cambios en la cantidad demandada a cambios en el precio del producto
- 59. Elasticidad Precio de la demanda
- 67. Elasticidad a Corto y Largo Plazo P P Q Q Dcp Dlp COMBUSTIBLE DLp DCp AUTOMOVILES
- 69. Demanda A B C D E F G
- 70. Ingreso Total (TR) = P x Q
- 71. Relacion entre cambios en el precio e ingreso total Donde una reduccion en el precio resulta en un incremento en TR Demanda se dice “elastica” Donde: P TR Demanda es “ elastica” P TR
- 72. Relacion entre cambios en el precio e ingreso total Donde una reduccion en el precio resulta en un reduccion en TR Demanda se dice “inelastica” Donde: P TR Demanda es “ inelastica” P TR P TR
- 73. Elasticidad Precio de Demanda ( P ) a lo largo de una linea recta D Elasticidad Precio de Demanda ( P) ELASTICA Elasticidad Precio de Demanda ( P) INELASTICA Medio-Punto Elasticidad Precio de Demanda ( P) UNITARIA
Notes de l'éditeur
- Slide 1
- Elasticity and slope along a linear demand curve. You can provide solid intuition on why the elasticity of demand falls as we move down a linear demand curve. Point out first that as the quantity increases, the percentage change in quantity decreases for equal changes in quantity. Do two calculations, one at a small quantity and one at a large quantity. Then point out that this same reasoning applies to the price. As the price falls, the percentage change in price increases for equal changes in price. Again, do two calculations, one at a high price and one at a low price. Now put the two together. As we move downward along the demand curve, the percentage change in quantity is getting smaller and the percentage change in price is getting larger, so the elasticity—the ratio of the percentage change in quantity to the percentage change in price—is getting smaller.
- Fuel for thought: Getting some intuition on what determines whether demand is inelastic or elastic The demand for gasoline and junk food in general. Students love their cars and junk food, and they know that the demand for both in general is inelastic because there are no good substitutes for personal transportation and a quick snack. The demand for Joe’s quick-mart gasoline. Ask your students if Joe’s quick-mart (substitute your actual local one) convenience store would lose much business and total revenues if he raised the price of gasoline more than a penny or two compared to the other three gas stations at a street intersection. When the students conclude he’d lose much of his gasoline sales ask them to reconcile this large quantity decrease to a small increase in price (elastic demand) with the fact that they earlier stated that demand for gasoline is very inelastic. They will recognize that gasoline from other corner stations is a very good substitute for Joe’s gasoline. The demand for Joe’s quick-mart junk food. After students recognize that abundant substitute availability keeps elasticity high, ask the students why Joe’s junk food (and all quick-mart stores’ junk food) is priced so much higher than the near-by grocery store’s junk food. Students will conclude that “convenience” stores are well named. Most people aren’t willing to wait in the grocery store check-out line behind the frazzled mother of three screaming kids, each hanging on the over-loaded basket that will take 15 minutes of coupon validating and price checking to check out. The grocery store is not a good substitute for people on the go looking for a fast snack and a quick gas fill.
- The unit elastic demand curve is a good one to use to emphasize that elasticity and slope are not equal. Have the students calculate the elasticity of supply on two linear demand curves that pass through the origin, one with a slope of 0.5 and the other with a slope of 2. They’ll get the message.