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1. ISPECTRUM
Issue 01/May-June 2013
MAGAZINE
ORIGIN OF
CENTRIPETAL
FORCES
REINCARNATION
LIFE
AFTER DEATH
THE KACHINAS

2. CONTENTS
FEATURES
03
ORIGIN OF CENTRIPETAL
FORCES
GRAVITY,COLOR,LIFE,CONSCIO
USNESS AND PERCEPTION
08 Golden Ratio
18 3
12
REINCARNATION OR JUST A
DIMENSIONAL THING?
UNFINISHED BUSINESS
14 How did I do?
15 A multidimensional model of
existence
16 The multidimensional model of
man
17 A scientific model of reincarnation?
18
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR
LIFE AFTER DEATH
19 Mediumship in the laboratory
24 The Pineal gland and mediumship
25 Research into near-death
experience
30 Past-life regression therapy
36
31 Evidence of reincarnation
33 The science of afterlife
36
THE KACHINAS
AN ALIEN INTELLIGENCE, BUT
NOT AS WE KNOW IT
37 The kachina dolls
39 Hopi ceremonies
43 Kokopelli-fertility deity
37
12
1

3. editorial
Dear all,
Mado Martinez
You are our first readers because today
is the birth of Ispectrum Magazine, a bimonthly publication that will be delivered
directly to your favourite device(laptop,
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write with freedom of expression about a
wide spectrum of matters.
In this first issue, we offer you four
featured articles that may interest you
(a lot!). Dan Winter, Mike O’Hare, Elaine
Vieira and Philip Coppens, are the names
of our contributor writers. One of them,
Philip Coppens, died before he could see
how this publishing adventure became
true, so we entirely dedicate this brand
new magazine to his loving memory. We
will always remember you. Thank you
for all the support you gave to us, for
wanting to be part of this project and for
allowing us to publish your articles.
Rayna Petrova and I, the founders of
this dream that you actually have in your
hands, believe that we can share with
all of you a wonderful experience. We
never forget that behind the mask of an
avatar, a digital publication, a comment
in a post, a like in facebook, etc., there
is always a person. Through our website
and our online/offline magazine we want
to contribute beyond the virtual…
There is something in the outer limits of
truth…
Ispectrum
magazine
Editorial Director
Editorial Director
Mado Martinez,
madomartinez@ispectrummagazine.com
Art Director
Rayna Petrova
raynapetrova@ispectrummagazine.com
Contributing Writer
Philip Coppens
Contributing Writer
Mike O’Hare
Contributing Writer
Dan Winter
Contributing Writer
Elaine Vieira
Contributing Writer
Mado Martinez
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2

4. BY
DAN WINTER
WEBSITE
WWW.FRACTALFIELD.COM/CENTRIPETALFORCES/
ORIGIN OF CENTRIPETAL
FORCES: GRAVITY, COLOR, LIFE,
CONSCIOUSNESS AND PERCEPTION
We are clear the universe is
made of waves. Those waves
move in a universal compressible background substance (“ether”)
T
hose waves then store compression versus rarefaction (packing versus unpacking
- sometimes called yin/ yang)- in that substance called (electric) CHARGE.
So in physics ‘charge’ is in effect the unified
field.
3

5. Because that fluidly moving hydrodynamic substance
called ‘charge’ stores
INERTIA- it then has
the quality - of creating
MASS. This is because
inertia stored (by
waves of charge rotating) is the only definition of mass.
It is as simple as realizing that when a wave
is able to go in a circle
instead of a line, it
begins to STORE more
of its inertia - just like
a gyroscope. So - as
we have often said‘God’ or the creative
principle in essence is
the skill to teach waves
to start going in a
circle (creating mass)
instead of line.
The tricky part of
keeping a wave going
in a circle - instead
of in a straight line
- is that when the
wave finishes making it’s circle - it has
to meet itself - (‘phase
4
lock’) - by agreeing
on where the crest
and the trough will fit.
Otherwise - it creates
destructive wave interference ... and kills
itself.
This need for waves
to agree on where to
meet- forces them to
always obey a simple
rule. The number one
rule for waves is:
The wave length must
divide evenly into the
circumference of the
circle they are making.

6. This rule- the origin of
‘quantum mechanics’
- is the reason there
is geometry in the universe. This is because
fitting wavelengths into
circles - in 2D and 3Dcauses those wave to
make the pretty pictures - tetrahedron,
octa, cube, dodeca, icosa etc. These
become group theory..
And the fact that electron shells are basically
platonic solids- the
same way nuclear particles- (protons/neutrons) nest in the platonic solids.
The illusion that there
is such a thing as a
particle arose because
of the way these waves
of charge store their
inertia in discrete or
‘quantized’ little ‘envelopes’. These bubbles
or wave packets of
charge storing inertia
- came to be named
particles. They are
absolutely not ‘silver
bullets’ (which is to
say they are NOT solid
- but only wave bubbles). The reason the
amount of inertia (or
mass) stored in each
little bubble of waves is
so regular or discrete
(electrons and protons
each store the same
amount) - is fascinating.
As waves ran around
5
the universe- for
eons- they discovered
there were some basic
agreements required
in order for the survival of those waves.
An extremely elegant
single universal standard for all waves- call
PLANCK - (length,
time, and energy) evolved because - right
from the beginning

7. waves which did not fit
the agreed standard of
fitting together - would
immediately die (experience destructive wave
interference).
In effect - since this
one unit of length and
time and energy - fit
ALL of the waves of
the universe- these so
called PLANK dimensions define the so
called ‘sacred’ (gold
standard of agreement
that fits all of physics)
- for waves.
The other tricky part
about keeping a wave
going in a circle ( and
thereby creating mass)
- is that the inertia the
wave stores - tends to
immediately get thrown
OUT of that circle by
centrifugal force.
(For the same reason your laundry gets
pressed on the outside
of the drum during the
spin cycle).
So - the only way
those waves get to
KEEP going in a circle and remain part of the
exclusive club of ‘mass
creators’ is when there
is some mysterious
centripetal force- which
keeps them attracted
to the center of the circle (gravity). implosive
forces fractalfield.com/
centripetalforces
We all know that
Einstein did not figure
out why any object
falls to the ground.
He got one thing rightthat infinite constructive wave compression
was the solution to his
unified field.
6

8. The reason physics has not figured out why an object falls
to the ground till now, is because of TWO fundamental
1.
2.
stupidities:
Not knowing how fractality - was a wave / electrical solution to
perfect or infinite compression. (Although mathematics has long
known fractals are infinitely compressible - physics was slow to
figure out what a fractal electric field looked like).
Not knowing that Golden Ratio was the ultimate solution to all
constructive wave interference - and therefore especially the
solution to Einstein’s pesky problem: infinite compression. And
therefore Golden Ratio is the ultimate solution to fractality.
The essential issue of unified field
thinking is to know what electric
field shape or symmetry causes
gravity to happen. This problem is
resolved once we understand for
example - that the fractal ‘self similarity’ (perfected in Golden Ratio)
of the nuclear shapes (symmetry)
7
to the electron shells- is the reason atoms have and make gravity.
My new equation/ proof that Golden
Ratio exponents times planck length
very accurately predict multiple
hydrogen radii- is an excellent starting point for new evidence.

9. Gravity is only one of the centripetal forces. Others are color, life
force, perception, and consciousness itself.
All of these - by appearance- self
organizing forces are caused by
Golden Ratio - fractality among
waves of charge.
3.
Golden Ratio is the
universal container of
Nassim Harramein - universal of
global scaling - of - Length vs.
Frequency of - Big Bang, Atom,
Galaxy and Universe
The evidence the Golden Ratio fractality ( constructive charge collapse perfected) is the cause and
mechanism of gravity:
4.
1.
Golden Ratio times Plank
length produces exactly
the radius of hydrogen. ( My equations: goldenmean.info/goldenproof
So- Golden RATIO constructive
charge collapse- is evidentially
what is holding hydrogen - and
most likely the entire atomic table
together.
2.
Golden Ratio is the
quintessential element
of E8 - Unified Field model.
8
The infinite stellated
dodecahedron ( dodeca
/ icosa/ dodeca...) main characteristic is each node has x,y,z values which are simples multiples of
Golden Ratio. This produces perfect
constructive wave compression and
collapse. For this reason - this is
the exact geometry of:
a) The universe
b) DNA and every living protein
c) the outer electrical shape of
gold, palladium, platinum (pgm’s),
fusion, black holes, the noble gasses, and their corresponding electron valences and nuclear symmetries.
d) the Earth grid.

10. Understanding the
mechanism which allows
Golden Ratio fractality to
BE the cause of gravity
is essential to this:
The top down view of
the Golden Ratio - pent
dodeca- which is the
shape of every wave
in the above list (DNA,
Every Living Protein,
Gold/PGM’s, Earth Grid,
Universe etc) - is essentially 10 spirals of the
Golden Mean
The reason this shape essentially accounts for
all the universe’s centripetal and self organizing forces (gravity, color,
consciousness, life force,
perception etc)- is as
follows:
When waves meet in
rotation - at each wave
node cross- a portion of
the inertia of the wave
node (or cross point) must radiate out in all
directions.
The wave interference
produced in 3D quickly
makes DESTRUCTIVE
wave interference (especially if it is cubic)
- unless it finds the
ONE geometry which
allows the wave to
continue radiating in
ALL directions constructively. That solution is GOLDEN RATIO
- and the 3D - what
that looks like is the
stellated dodeca (pent
stars within stars).
As the waves keep
crossing- at each
9
point along the Golden
Spiral they create,the
keep doing what all
waves must do in
wave interference
(called ‘heterodyning’).
They keep adding AND multiplying
(recursive addition) their wave lengths and
their wave (or phase)
VELOCITIES.

11. The Golden Ratio is the
obvious only solution to
this geometry problem
which all waves encounter
because this is the ratio
that allows BOTH adding
and multiplying to continue- in such a way that all
the produces (children of
the waves) continue to FIT
the nest.
10

12. Assuming that your mindset is one that is open to all possibilities,
how would you feel if you could look into a crystal ball and see
beyond the life that you are now living? Share with me and join in
a travel extravaganza which takes us beyond the physical world.
To begin with, let me emphasize that this is not an invitation to talk
about a belief system that is held steadfast within your religious
ideals. No, this is meant to help stimulate your mind and take you
beyond your present mode of thought.
11

13. REINCARNATION
OR JUST A DIMENSIONAL THING?
UNFINISHED BUSINESS
Q
uantum mechanics and particle
physics are showing us something that
we could never have
dreamed only ten or
fifteen years ago.
Do you have any idea
how detached, physically, you are from
your mind and can you
possibly imagine how
your whole body functions as your brain
receives its programming from another
dimension?
It’s true! There are
other dimensions.
BY
Actually they are sitting exactly where we
are now – right under
our noses. Apparently,
everything happens
simultaneously and in
one spot. The physical world is only an
illusion to give the
impression, through
polarities, that there
is time and distance
between two points.
We are as near to each
other as we can possibly be with less than
the thickness of a molecule between us.
This could very well
mean that our minds
operate out of the
time and space con12
MIKE O’HARE
WEBSITE
WWW.MIKE-OHARE.COM
If present-day discoveries
through free-thinking science are anything to go
on, then we are in for
a treat

14. tinuum, in a dimension which allows it to
carry on after we have
finished with our physical bodies. Did
you notice how I
didn’t point out the
obvious and use
the ‘D’ word? It’s
all down to vibration and frequencies.
When the
TV is turned on,
who ever questions about how
the pictures and
sound reaches us?
We should, and the
answers we would
get are that they
are frequencies
that do not operate
in a physical world.
me, I’m only the messenger bringing proof
of what is already
documented. On this
that makes us totally
interactive.
If we do live on, there
is every possibility that
The same principle applies to your
thoughts. It has been
scientifically proved
that a thought is a tangible, living thing that
has its own electrical
charge and is transmitted via other dimensions that surround
us. Twilight Zone stuff
huh? Well don’t ask
basis, there is every
possibility that we really do live on beyond
the physical world and
it was this impression
that was the inspiration
behind my co-writing
The Meadow. It’s a
marvellous, wonderful
world out there and we
should familiarise ourselves with it in a way
we also come back
again to live another
life. Okay, so I’m now
well into that nonearthly zone, talking
about the possibility
of reincarnation, but I
have every confidence
that there is more to
life than we could ever
imagine.
13

15. Perhaps we have
unfinished business in
this life and the only
way to reconcile and
fix it is to come back
after learning all there
is to know in getting it
right next time.
I have a theory, a
personal one albeit
and it is this: I believe
that I will come back
again because I have
such an attachment
to the material world.
I get a buzz out of so
many activities which
are totally physical.
This indicates to me
that matters are not
yet out of my system
and I have to remove
all this extra weight
before I can move on.
Conversely, I’m hoping that reincarnation is down to choice
rather than destiny.
Regardless, I got
a buzz out of writing this piece. Maybe
it’s because of all the
invisible energy which
is surrounding me and
willing me to share
this with you. I hope
you feel the same
way.
HOW DID I DO?
Did I manage to
arouse your curiosity?
Are you in a position
to look beyond what
you consider to be a
normal physical life?
Could reincarnation fit
into your belief system? If you would like
to learn more about
this from the scientific
perspective then no
one can do this better than my molecular biologist friend,
William Brown.
At first sight it would
appear that life after
death or even the
topic of reincarnation would be beyond
the scope of a scientific discussion, and
in classical scientific
models of understanding that is indeed the
case. However, as
alluded to by Mike
in the above discussion, the cutting edge
of science is entering
this ethereal realm
14
once restricted to philosophical or mystical
perspectives, and many
of these philosophical
ruminations and metaphysical perspectives
are getting re-described
with mathematical and
scientific terminology.

16. A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF
EXISTENCE
Serious scientific research is
actively involved in investigating the reality of dimensions
beyond the 4 described by General
Relativity, of multiple universes
created from a quantum foam,
15
and even information stored in the
very fabric of space-time itself.
Numerous empirical observations
are driving this research as scientists find that 98% of the Universe
is not directly detectable, what is
referred to as “dark energy” – an
unseen plenum that seems to permeate even the smallest space but
orchestrates whole galaxies into a
quantum coherent system where
billions of stars move together in a
galactic symphony of harmony.
Could it be that there is much
more to the Universe than what
we directly perceive with our physical senses? Could the Universe be
layered in multiple dimensions?

17. THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL MIND OF
MAN
Just as the cutting edge of science
in Quantum Mechanics and Particle
Physics is revealing other levels of
reality that are orchestrating much
of the activity in physical reality,
so too is biology discovering higher levels of order that direct and
shape biological processes.
The mathematics seems to indicate this is so. When the potential
energy of a space the size of a proton is calculated it has a mass that
is equivalent to the whole Universe
– imagine the depth of reality that
exists in the room you occupy now!
But it is not just the ultra-small and
the ultra-large where these anomalies are observed that are pointing us in the direction of an unseen
world that seems to be “pulling the
strings” here in physical reality.
There is an intermediate level
between the macroscopic and the
microscopic that is rich with similar
types of scientific “anomalies”, and
that is the level that you occupy –
the human being.
16
What kinds of biological processes? Take your thoughts as an
example. The phenomenon of consciousness has been a very mysterious aspect of the human being –
because scientists within the classical model have been attempting to
understand it from a purely physical point of view.
Yet new models are emerging that
describe how the physical activity of the brain can “tune” into non
local fields of information from
which our thoughts are formed
and derived – a Morphic field that
exists at another level of reality and yet drives the information
capabilities of not only the brain,
but our genes as well.

18. Dazu Wheel of Reincarnation,CHINA
A SCIENTIFIC MODEL
OF REINCARNATION?
If our brain and our
genes are tuning into
and storing information within the fabric
of spacetime itself,
where that information exists beyond the
seemingly relentless
change of the physical world, then there is
an aspect of our consciousness that exists
outside of the body,
and it can re-enter
through genes that are
passed down through
an unbroken lineage
of progeny. These
are the same genes
that once shaped your
17
ancestors brain – do you
think they may have
shaped yours similarly? Perhaps that ancestor possessed the same
consciousness that you
do through the Morphic
Field – and you have
come back to fulfil some
unfinished business.

19. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR
LIFE AFTER DEATH
BY
MADO MARTINEZ AND ELAINE VIEIRA
WEBSITE
WWW.MADOMARTINEZ.COM
S
ince time immemorial,
human beings have wondered if there is
something beyond life. Many cultures, religions and systems of
knowledge have been based on
the belief that the dead are raised
up into another world, going to
paradise or reincarnating. But
what if science could show evidence that there is life after
death?
In the last few decades, many scientists and medical researchers
from universities and
institutions around the world have
been revolutionising the paradigm, providing evidence that
consciousness indeed survives
physical death.
New scientific methods and
technologies are being used to research
the
age-old question of whether life exists
after death.
Rigorous studies of mediumship,neardeath experiences and past-life memories
suggest that consciousness
indeed survives
18

20. MEDIUMSHIP IN THE LABORATORY
Mediums claim that they can
somehow feel the spirits of
deceased people.
According to spiritist terminology,
these spirits are called “discarnate”.
The famous Brazilian medium
Allan Kardec
19
Chico Xavier, who died in 2002,
wrote more than 400 books by 600
spiritual authors but never took
credit for being the author of any
of them. Heavily influenced by the
works of 19th-century French spiritist Allan Kardec, Xavier professed
that his hand was guided by spirits
who dictated to him.
An estimated 50 million copies
of his books have been sold, and
all the profits from these sales
have been channelled into charity
work. In 1981 and 1982, Xavier
was nominated for the Nobel Peace
Prize. Furthermore, he attended to,
free of charge, around 60 people
per day in his modest home in the
city of Uberaba. Apart from books,
Xavier wrote letters from deceased
people whose family members were
visiting him.

21. In 1991, Chico Xavier’s
mediumship was investigated by Dr Paulo Rossi.
His study confirmed
that 93.3 per cent of
the people who visited
Xavier had
not known him beforehand. Information from
the letters received
through Xavier contained
so many details about
the deceased and their
families as to
make fraud impossible.
Around 62.2 per cent of
the messages showed
more
than six relevant facts
each, and 71.1 per cent
had detailed information
about the deceased
people which was subsequently confirmed by
their
families. Dr Rossi concluded that the information revealed by Chico
Xavier
actually came from the
spirits of dead people
and was not the result of
any kind of fraud.
In 2004, Alexander
Moreira de Almeida
gained his PhD degree
Chico Xavier
from the
University of São
Paulo, Brazil, with
his research focus on
mediumship
experiences. He studied 115 spiritist mediums with the aim of
building their
sociodemographic
profiles and checking
their mental health.
His study was
based solely on spiritist mediums who
follow the doctrine
founded by Allan
20
Kardec, because they
only use their mediumship free of charge
to help the
spirits. It is important to mention that
Moreira de Almeida
and his team
chose these mediums
because the spiritism founded by Allan
Kardec is well
known worldwide
for its seriousness in
studying the relationship between
the spirit world and

22. human nature.
The researchers concluded that the
majority of the mediums developed their
mediumship during
childhood and that they
also showed a high
socio-educational level.
In addition, they
found only a very low
level of psychiatric
disorders among the
mediums. Thus, the
mediums who have
so often been labelled
as “crazy” turn out
to be people with few
psychological problems
and a high level of
education.
During 2001–2008,
Professor Gary
Schwartz and
colleagues from the
University of Arizona
conducted
detailed research into
the authenticity of
mediumship.
They investigated
the well-known mediums George Anderson
21
and John Edward,
and other mediums
such as
Suzane Northrop,
Laurie Campbell and
Anne Gehman.
Their studies confirmed
that all of the mediums
were very precise,
and their degree of
success was very high
compared to probability. Factors such
as fraud, error and
coincidence were considered and eliminated.

23. At The Windbridge Institute in
Tucson, Arizona, USA,
from 2008, Dr Julie Beischel has
been conducting fascinating
research with mediums to
demonstrate that there is life
after death. Basically, she uses
three methods to study the
phenomenon of mediumship:
proof-focused research, involving
tests to verify whether the
mediums are giving accurate
information; process-focused
research, which studies the
experience of the mediums
during their spiritual
communications; and applied
research, which examines how the
information can
benefit society in general.
The mediums studied by
Dr Beischel have given accurate
information about
deceased people which was subsequently verified. Dr
Beischel’s results confirm the
hypothesis that the spirit
survives death.
We emailed Dr Julie Beischel in
August 2011 to ask
more about the scientific method
which she applies in
these investigations. She said that
she uses strict
controls to investigate the phenomenon of mediumship
through a scientific program that
contains a great amount of data:
“At The Windbridge Institute, we are
primarily
interested in mediumship, ITC
[instrumental transcommunication]
and haunting-related occurrences.
22

24. We use the scientific method and
cedure we use to screen
strict controls to
prospective WCRMs and the subseinvestigate
quent studies in which they
these phenomena,
and the
…the mediums have higher
mediumship
research
brain activity and increased
program
blood flow in the region of
involves
the pineal gland compared
the largest
to the control group.
amount of
robust
data.
Through our
unique quintupleblinded readings
with Windbridge certified research
mediums (WCRMs)
,we can demonstrate a
phenomenon called ‘anomalous
information reception’ (AIR), which
involves mediums
reporting accurate and specific
information about the
deceased loved ones (termed ‘discarnates’) of living people (termed
‘sitters’) without any prior
knowledge about the discarnates
or sitters, in the absence of any
feedback and without using
deceptive means.
Based on the intensive testing pro23
participate, we can confidently
state that certain mediums are
capable of AIR.”
In addition, Dr Beischel said: “This
research paradigm
is ideal in that the phenomenon is
easily replicable and
occurs on demand. We do not need
to try to catch spontaneous events
or experiences as they occur; we
can bring the mediumship phenomenon into the
laboratory and study it under controlled conditions and
on a schedule that is convenient
for all of the participants.”

25. In her study of mediumship, Dr.
Beischel is very strict
and accurate, applying a quintuple-blind scientific
method, i.e., involving five elements. Compare this with
the double-blind study, a very
well known scientific method
that is used in experiments with
the aim of avoiding bias in the
results induced by two
elements: the placebo effect
and the researcher. It is called
“double blind” because the
subjects in the study do not
know to which experimental
group they belong.
THE PINEAL GLAND AND
MEDIUMSHIP
Neuroscientist Dr. Sérgio Felipe
de Oliveira from São
Paulo University, Brazil, investigates the relationship
between the pineal gland and
mediumship. In performing his
research, he uses techniques
such as X-ray diffraction,
computed tomography and
magnetic resonance imaging.
Comparing the “brain sand”
(calcified structures in the
brain) of mediums and non
mediums,he showed that mediIn a tripleblind study, a third ele- ums have a higher
ment is included with the aim of amount of brain sand in the
avoiding even more bias. For
pineal gland than do non mediinstance, the third element
ums.
could be a statistician who inter- In addition, he demonstrated
prets the data without
that, during
knowing the type of experiment spirit communication, the medithat was performed, or a
ums have higher brain
scientist who works on the pro- activity and increased blood
ject but does not know
flow in the region of the
the experimental group.
pineal gland compared to the
Dr Beischel’s research demon- control group.
strates that the
Dr. Felipe de Oliveira hypothanomalous information recep- esises that the pineal
tion phenomenon is
gland is the sensorial organ
indeed authentic.
of mediumship. For instance,
24

26. the gland would be like a mobile
phone that
captures the electromagnetic
waves coming from the
spirit world. Once the waves
reach the pineal gland,
they bounce off the brain sand,
sequestering the
electromagnetic field and transmitting the information
to the cerebral cortex for the
interpretation of the
message.
In October 2010 in Valencia,
Spain, I (Martínez)
conducted an interview with Dr.
Sérgio Felipe de
Oliveira, who showed images
from his magnetic
resonance experiments and
pointed out these
differences in the level of brain
sand in the pineal gland
that are related to extrasensory
abilities.
RESEARCH INTO NEAR-DEATH
EXPERIENCE
At King’s College London there
is a revolution going on in the
world of thanatology, the scientific study of death.
The researcher, Peter Fenwick,
MD, is performing detailed
experiments on the phenomenon
that takes place between
the 24 and 48 hours before and
Dr Sérgio Felipe de Oliveira
25

27. after death and also
at the moment of
death. He concentrates on visions from
people who were lying
in bed and spoke with
deceased family
members who came
to receive them. He
also investigates
coincidences involving
deceased people who
contacted someone
just to tell them that
he/she has
died. In addition, he
studies family members who saw
shadows around the
bed of the ceased and
observed that the
room became a lot of
brighter at
the time of the per-
son’s death.
These occurrences
happen in a very high
percentage of cases,
he concludes. Dr.
Fenwick also insists
that the soul is
different from the
brain.
The term near-death
experience
(NDE) refers to a
broad range of experiences associated
with impending death.
These can encompass multiple possible
sensations including:
detachment from the
body; feelings of levitation, extreme fear,
total serenity, security, warmth or absolute dissolution; and
Dr Peter Fenwick
26
the presence of light.
These phenomena
are usually
reported after an
individual has been
pronounced
clinically dead and
then comes back to
life. These
experiences suggest the existence
of life after death.
Since psychologist
Raymond Moody, Jr.,
MD, wrote his
book Life After Life
(1975) and Elisabeth
Kübler-Ross, MD
(the now-deceased
eminent researcher
who received a
score of honorary
doctorates from uni-

28. versities around the
world) compiled hundreds of stunning testimonies and wrote
some of the most powerful books concerning
NDEs, scientists have
become very attracted
to this phenomenon.
Dr Kenneth Ring, then
based at the University
of Connecticut, and
Sharon Cooper, then a
PhD candidate from the
University of New York,
performed a two-year
study of near-death
experiences in the
blind, with amazing
results.
These were published
in their book
Mindsight (1999),
which provided strong
evidence from 31 blind
people who describe
the experience of seeing for the first time
in their lives, giving
details of medical procedures on the operating table, for instance.
Jeffrey Long, MD, an
oncologist, directs the
Near Death Experience
Research Foundation
(http://www.nderf.org),
which has collected
more than
2,500 case studies
worldwide of people
who have had neardeath experiences.
Because Dr. Long
applies the scientific
method in his research,
we decided to contact
him to find out more
about his work. In our
e-mail interview with
him in August 2011, he
stated: “My area of
expertise is in neardeath experiences.
NDEs provide, in my
opinion, the strongest
scientific evidence of
life after death.”
In his book Evidence
of the Afterlife: The
Science of Near-Death
Experiences (2010),
Dr. Long gives a summary of the nine
lines of evidence that
point to the
reality of NDEs and
their consistent message of an afterlife:
27
1.
Crystal
Clear Consciousness
The level of consciousness andalertness during near-death
experiences is usually
evengreater than that
experienced in
everyday life, even
though NDEs
generally occur when a
person is unconscious
or clinically dead.
This high level of consciousness
while physically
unconscious is medically inexplicable.
Additionally, the elements in NDEs generally follow the same
consistent and logical
order in all age groups
and around the world,
which refutes the possibility that NDEs have
any relation to
dreams or hallucinations.

29. 2.
Realistic Out-of-Body
Experiences
Out-of-body
experiences (OBEs) are one of the
most common elements of NDEs.
What “NDErs” see and hear of
earthly events in the out-of-body
state is almost always realistic.
When the NDEr or others later seek
to verify what was observed or
heard during the NDE, the OBE
observations are almost always
confirmed as completely
accurate. Even if the OBE observations during the NDE
included events far from the physical body and far from any possible
sensory awareness of the NDEr, the
OBE observations are still almost
always confirmed as
completely accurate. This fact alone
rules out the possibility that neardeath experiences are related to
any known brain functioning or sensory awareness. This
also refutes the possibility that
NDEs are unrealistic
fragments of memory from the
brain.
3.
Heightened Senses
Not only are heightened
senses reported by most who have
experienced NDEs,
28
but normal or supernormal vision
has occurred in those
with significantly impaired vision
and even legal blindness. Several
people who have been totally blind
since birth have reported highly
visual near-death experiences.
This is medically inexplicable.
4.
Consciousness
During
Anaesthesia
Many NDEs occur while
under general anaesthesia—at a
time when any conscious experience should be impossible. While
some sceptics claim that these
NDEs may
be the result of too little anaesthesia, this ignores the fact that some
NDEs result from anaesthesia overdose.
Additionally, the description of an
NDE differs greatly from that of
one who experiences “anaesthetic
awareness”. The content of NDEs
that occur under general
anaesthesia is essentially
indistinguishable from NDEs that
did not occur under general
anaesthesia. This is further
strong evidence that NDEs are
occurring completely
independently from the
functioning of the physical brain.

30. 5.
Perfect Playbacks
Life reviews in near-death
experiences include real events
that previously took place in the
lives of those having the experience, even if the events
were forgotten or happened before
they were old enough to remember.
6.
Family Reunions
During an NDE, the people
encountered are virtually always
deceased and are
usually relatives of the person having the experience;
sometimes they are even relatives who died before the NDEr was
born. Were the NDE only a product of memory fragments, it would
almost certainly include far
more living people, including those
with whom the NDEr had interacted
more recently.
7.
Children’s
Experiences
The near-death experiences
of children, including very young
children who are too young to have
developed concepts of death, reli29
gion or near-death experiences,
are essentially identical to those of
older children and adults.
This refutes the possibility that the
content of NDEs is produced by
preexisting beliefs or cultural conditioning.
8.
Worldwide
Consistency
Near-death experiences
appear remarkably consistent
around the world and
across many different religions and
cultures. NDEs from non-western
countries are incredibly similar to
those that occur in people in western countries.
9.
Aftereffects
It is common for people to experience major life changes after having near-death experiences.
These aftereffects are often powerful, lasting and lifeenhancing,
and the changes generally follow a
consistent pattern. As the NDErs
themselves almost
always believe, near-death experiences are, in a word,
real.

31. PAST-LIFE REGRESSION THERAPY
The research on past-life regression consists of practices and evidence based approaches. The
results come from questionnaires
completed before
and after the therapy with a large
number of individuals with a specific type of problem, including a
control group to demonstrate their
effectiveness (the double-blind
scientific method).
Between 1985 and 1992, Dr. Hazel
Denning (now deceased), founder
of the International Association for
Regression Research and
Therapies (http://www.iarrt.org),
studied the results of eight
regression therapists with about
1,000 patients. The results were
measured immediately after the
therapy, with follow-ups six
months, one year, two years and
five years afterwards.
From the 450 patients who could
be traced after five years, 24 per
cent reported that their symptoms had completely disappeared,
23 per cent reported a significant
improvement, 17 per cent reported
an improvement, and 36 per cent
reported no improvement. Overall,
this makes a positive balance of
64 per cent.
In 2006, Ron van der Maesen
obtained his PhD in the
research area of past-life therapy from Utrecht University in the
Netherlands. His doctoral thesis was
based on different studies with people who underwent treatment with
past-life therapy. The studies included one in Suriname, one with the
30

32. Dutch Association of
Reincarnation
Therapists and another
with patients with
Tourette syndrome. The
studies showed that
the pastlife treatments
had statistically significant beneficial results
in patients compared
with the controls (with
no health problems).
The level of satisfaction
among the patients
who had improvements
with past-life therapy
was very high.
Psychologist Dr. Helen
Wambach, who carried
out past-life research
from the mid-1960s
until her death in 1985,
conducted a 10-year
survey of past-life
recollection and reincarnation. She performed
her main study with
26 regression therapists who had worked
with a total of 17,350
patients. Among those,
63 per cent reported an
improvement in physical symptoms whereas
40 per cent reported an
improvement in their
interpersonal relationships. Dr. Wambach had
very specific questions
about the time periods
in which people lived
other lives, the types of
clothes and shoes
they wore, the kinds
of utensils and money
they used, the style
of house they lived in,
and so on. She
concluded that the
results were very
accurate, and that fantasy and
genetic memory could
not account for the
patterns that emerged
from the results. With
the exception of
reports from 11 subjects, all descriptions of
clothing, footwear,
utensils, housing and
so on were consistent
with historical records.
EVIDENCE OF REINCARNATION
Psychotherapist Brian Weiss,
MD, is Chairman Emeritus of
Psychiatry at the Mount Sinai
Medical Center in Miami. One
day he found that one of his
patients started to recall pastlife
traumas in recurring nightmares
and began to give astonishing
details about Weiss’s family and
his dead son. Although at the
beginning he was very sceptical,
he decided to do some in-depth
research. He has since
Attorney Victor Zammit
has gathered evidence for
the existence of life after
death that he thinks is strong
enough to be accepted in
any court of law.
31

33. published several books where he
describes his investigations of past
lives.
In Many Lives, Many Masters
(1988), Dr Weiss explains the reality of reincarnation
and the spirit world from the
psychiatric perspective. Ian
Stevenson, MD, who died in 2007,
was one of the most well known
researchers to have provided
strong evidence for the reality of
reincarnation. From 1957, at
the University of Virginia, he headed the Department of
Psychiatry and later the Division
of Perceptual Studies until his
2002 retirement. He did not use
the method of hypnosis to verify
whether a person had a recollection of a previous life; instead, he
studied thousands of cases
in children in the USA, England,
Thailand, Burma, Turkey, Lebanon,
Canada, India and other countries
who had spontaneous memories
about their previous lives.
First, he verified all the information from a child about their previous life. Next, he identified the
deceased person whom that child
claimed to be in their previous
life. Later, he verified the facts of
the past life of the
deceased person that coincided
with the memories of the child.
He also compared and verified body
marks and birth defects with wounds
and scars of thedeceased, all of them
confirmed by medical records.
A good example of a birthmark case
involved Ravi Shankar. This child
remembered being decapitated in
his previous childhood by a family
member who was hoping for a patrimony from the child’s father. Ravi
Shankar had a birthmark around his
neck. When Dr Stevenson investigated this case, he was able to confirm
that the child whom Shankar told
him about from his past life had in
fact been decapitated.
Dr Ian Stevenson
32

34. It was Jim Tucker, MD, who took
over Dr Stevenson’s
research. At the University of
Virginia, Dr Tucker is currently
Medical Director of the Child and
Family Psychiatry Clinic as well as
Associate Professor of
Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral
Sciences.
His book Life Before Life: A
Scientific Investigation of Children’s
Memories of Previous Lives (2005)
summarises the 40 years of investigation of reincarnation which Dr
Stevenson performed during his
career.
In August 2011, we
conducted an email interview with
Dr Tucker about the
scientific evidence for life after
death. He responded:
“As to your questions, the
most important evidence for life
after death, other than neardeath
experiences, includes
controlled mediumship studies,
carefully studied reports of
apparitions, and verified claims
by children of past-life
memories.
The most important
evidence of reincarnation is this
last phenomenon: children’s
reports of past-life memories.
Ian Stevenson spent 40 years
studying such cases, documenting
them as carefully as he could.
Most of his cases came from cultures with a belief in reincarnation.
I’ve been focusing on western
cases, and I’m finding that
the phenomenon is essentially the
same here as it is in
Asia. At this point, we certainly
don’t have as many
really strong cases here as Ian
found in Asia, but we do
have some interesting ones.”
THE SCIENCE OF THE AFTERLIFE
Australian lawyer turned full-time
researcher/writer
Victor Zammit has investigated the
afterlife from the judicial point of
view. He thinks that the evidence
he has gathered for the existence
of life after death is strong enough
to be accepted in any court of law
(http://www.victorzammit.com).
In his book A Lawyer Presents the
Case for the Afterlife (2006, 4th
ed.), Zammit showed 23 different
areas that demonstrate the
existence of life after death. He
has put out a challenge
to scientists to provide evidence
that there is no life
after death, promising to pay
$1,000,000 if they do.
33

35. Professor Lisa Randall
The pioneering research of Dr
Raymond Moody and
Dr Elisabeth KüblerRoss has contributed to
the development of this
discipline. Now there
are numerous studies
being conducted in the
area of spirituality and
life after death, utilising the latest technologies and scientific
methods.
Over the years, significant research has
been carried out by
such luminaries as Dr
Erlendur Haraldsson of
Iceland University,
past-life therapist Dr
Morris Netherton, psychologist Dr Peter
Ramster,
psychotherapist Andy
Tomlinson, cardiologist
Pim van Lommel, MD,
and many others.
Is the quest progressing towards a final
answer?
Probably never: the
more answers unveiled,
the more questions
revealed. Professor Lisa
Randall is a theoretical physicist at Harvard
University, a leading expert on particle
physics and cosmology,
and a member of the
scientific staff at CERN.
She theorises that our
universe exists within a
universe of many higher and unseen dimensions, and that the
laws of nature may be
34
very different in different regions of this socalled multverse. Then,
if this is so, the larger
hidden dimensions in
which our universe
exists may influence
our own three-dimensional space-time world
and its laws of nature.
But what is consciousness, one of the most
vibrant areas of study
in science today?
According to Professor
Randall (Discover, 29
July 2006):
“Neuroscience is exciting. Understanding how
thoughts work, how
connections are made,
how the memory
works, how we process
information, how information is stored—it’s
all fascinating.
Experimentally, though,
we’re still rather limited
in what we can do. I
don’t even know what
consciousness is. I’d
like someone to define
consciousness.”
Right. So if we want to
know more about the
possibility of the survival of consciousness

36. after death, maybe we
need more accurate
studies which consider
consciousness itself.
In the meantime,
some scientists are
finding impressive evidence to suggest that
there is life after
death, or at least survival of consciousness,
although they don’t
sciousness.”
Yes, sometimes science works like that;
for example,
astronomers and astrophysicists can identify
a relationship between
the activity cycles of
the Sun and
the weather on Earth,
so they assume that
this relationship exists
In the meantime, some
scientists are finding
impressive evidence to
suggest that there is life
after death, or at least
survival of consciousness…
know yet how it works.
This is the reason why
the key is in the brilliant confession of
Professor Lisa Randall,
one of the most influential scientists in the
world: “I don’t even
know what consciousness is. I’d like someone to define con-
although they don’t
know how it works.
Yet, as Professor Sami
Solanki, of the Max
Planck Institute for
Solar System Research
in Germany, has
stated (http://tinyurl.
com/77taz9c) :“The
correlation between
solar cycles and terres35
trial weather has not
been demonstrated.”
Then why do they
study this “correlation”
if it has not been demonstrated that it really
exists? The answer
is simple: it is because
they have observed
evidence which suggests that it may be
that way…
Well, it
seems that
we are in a
very similar
situation
with studies about
the afterlife.
Scientists
have
observed evidence which
suggests that
there may be life
after death, but they
don’t know what the
process is or what consciousness is, and they
can’t say that life after
death can be real in
case it really is real!

37. BY
PHILIP COPPENS
WEBSITE
WWW.PHILIPCOPPENS.COM
THE
KACHINAS:
AN ALIEN INTELLIGENCE, BUT NOT
AS WE KNOW IT
I
For centuries, the Hopi of Arizona have
been intimately liaising with beings
from the Otherworld. The kachinas still
visit the Hopi Mesas on an annual basis
and their presence continues to set out
the agenda of Hopi society.
n July 1947, an alien craft
allegedly crash-landed in Roswell,
New Mexico. If it occurred, it was
not the first of its kind: the region
of New Mexico and Arizona has
a history of “alien contacts” that
36

38. goes back hundreds if
not thousands of years.
The beings in questions are known as
“kachinas”; they are
not extra-terrestrial as
such, but definitely
otherworldly.
An extensive collection of 400 kachina
dolls can be seen in
the Heard Museum in
Phoenix; they were
donated by the controversial Republican politician Barry Goldwater.
Each doll looks different and has specific
characteristics; each
represents a different
element or entity that
has entered the Hopi
world at some point in
their history. And when
you look at the Eototo
kachina doll in the
Museum of Northern
Arizona, you find the
creature has much in
common with LEGO figures.
Then again, just like
LEGO, kachina dolls
were there for children
be educated in the
Kachina dancers of the Hopi pueblo of
Shongopavi, Arizona, USA
ways of the Otherworld
and how it interacted
with ours.
Amongst the Native
Americans, the Hopi
have a special place.
Thousands of people
would like to visit their
religious ceremonies,
and thousands of tourists return home from
Arizona with a kachina
doll.
The kachina dolls are
made from kaolin clay,
meant to be hung from
beams or walls in the
home. They are white
37
in colour and the basic
shape is painted to
show a head, arms,
folded over a kilt,
which is representing
rain.
Tradition argues that
carving the “tihu”
should be done by
men, but today, women
are involved in their
manufacture, if only for
selling them to tourists. Indeed, in what is
likely to be a rush for
finance, rather than
heritage, tribal councils
even tried to copyright
the word kachina, but

39. failed to do so.
Though the kachina
dolls are often identified with the Hopi deities, this is highly inaccurate: one should
not confuse the dolls
with the kachina themselves. The dolls are
merely props and many
have fallen for the mistake, to take the prop
for the god.
One might argue that
their closest parallel
is the voodoo doll or
the Egyptian ushabti –
though one needs to
de-cinematise these
artefacts in order to
appreciate their true
role and function.
Indeed, one of the reasons that many of the
ceremonies of the Hopi
are now closed to outsiders is because a
Marvel comic had characterised the kachina
as violent avengers.
The kachina themselves – rather than
the dolls – are largely
described as “spirit
messengers”, whereas some believe they
might represent the
spirit of the dead – if
there were a difference. The Hopi state
that at one time in the
past, the kachina deities visited the Mesas
38
in person, but that they
now do so in the form
of masked dancers.
Whereas kachina dolls
are sold and hung from
beams or walls, the
real deities are surrounded with far greater respect. The Hopi
deities live on the San
Francisco Mountains,
though are present
amongst the Hopi for
part of the year. As
such, the religious
year is divided into two
parts.
The deities arrive at
the Hopi Mesas in the
form of rain-bearing
clouds and normally
arrive in early February

40. for the Powamuya ceremony, or
honour of the deities. Early in the
Bean Dance. The Hopi do indeed
year they are held in underground
believe that in the past, the deities ceremonial chambers called kivas,
literally walked amongst them, but but as spring arrives, the dances
that today, their presence resides
move out onto the plazas, where
in those selected to wear a mask;
they last from morning until dusk.
it is the mask that transforms the
The fraternities in charge of the
Hopi individual into a “possessed”
summer dances meet in mid-winentity, very much like Jim Carrey
ter for ceremonial smoking and
in the movie “The Mask” – though
the planting of prayer plumes. In
it is clear that, just like with the
late November, w chief kachina,
voodoo dolls, the evil and negative Soyalkatsina, begins the kachina
connotations that
have been
introduced
…it is the mask that transforms
in these
the Hopi individual into a
movies are
“possessed” entity,very much
for enterlike Jim Carrey in the movie
tainment
value only.
“The Mask”
Three main
ceremonies
are performed
by and for the gods –
katsinam – during their stay in the
villages: Soyalangwu, a winter solstice ceremony held in December;
the already mentioned Powamuya
in February, when the katsinam
are asked to appear; and Niman,
the home-going ceremony, after
the summer solstice. Between
Powamuya and Niman, the Hopi
perform several more dances in
39
season by walking along the trail
into the village like a weary old
man or someone who has had too
much sleep, singing sacred songs
in a low voice. He then opens the
main kiva, signalling that it is time
for the katsinam to come out.
Their emergence re-enacts the
arrival of the Hopi into the present,
Fourth World.

41. Each December, a runner climbs
to a shrine in the San Francisco
Peaks, where he scatters a meal
and plants plumes that are to be
brought back in July, by another runner, for the final festival,
Niman, linked with the harvest.
At the harvest festival, the deities return to the underworld,
through the San Francisco Peaks.
Interestingly, it is claimed that the
seasons in the Underworld are one
season behind.
get them from their husbands.
The dolls are created as a teaching tool given to these children and
is presented to them by one of the
masked dancers. Boys and girls are
normally properly initiated into society between the age of six to ten,
when they are allowed to participate
in the performances and discover
that the masked dancers are their
own relatives – very much like finding out who Santa Claus really is –
though I, of course, never said that.
As mentioned, the actual return
of the deities to the Hopi Mesas is
celebrated at Powamu, the BeanPlanting Ceremony in February.
Each matriarch receives a bundle
of fresh bean sprouts to plant for
the coming year. The festival lasts
eight days and concludes with
dancing, which takes place in the
nine kivas of the mesa. Everyone
wears fresh mud from the sacred
spring and each job of plastering
has been signed with the print of
the slim hand of the girl who did
it.
All Hopi babies receive a tihu – a
kachina doll – at their first Niman
ceremony, while the girls receive
further dolls at each Powamuya
and Niman ceremony, up until or
near marriageable age, although
married women sometimes still
Hopi Powamu Ceremony,1893
40

42. There is a clear relationship between the
deities and the kachina
dolls, the latter representing aspects of the
former. Hopi katsinam
can be male or female,
and represent plants,
animals,
insects,
human
qualities,
the creative
force of the
sun, and
even death.
Some are
demons
who frighten children
into behaving properly; most
are clan ancestors
and beneficent beings.
They are messengers
who accept Hopi gifts
and prayers for health,
fertility, and rain and
carry them back to
the gods. Their role as
rainmakers is particularly important to the
Hopi. The deities are
present, either in the
statues, or the sacred
masks. Unlike the
dolls, the masks are
sacred objects and the
Hopi have successfully
petitioned to remove
them from museum
displays.
The katsinam is and
can therefore be a
spirit of any kind –
very much on par with
the ever growing list
of Catholic saints that
can be implored. The
masks could be compared to the Christian
holy relics. But just like
Roman Catholic statues, no sacred power is
invested in the kachina
doll.
41
Unlike Roman Catholic
statues, the kachina
dolls are not used in
ceremonies, nor are
they preserved in the
kiva. They are simply…
dolls, so that children
play with them and
learn how
to interact with
the various
spirits and
otherworldly entities
that are
part of the
tribe’s daily
life.
There are
nevertheless sacred
statues
preserved in the kiva,
known as wu’ya or
tiponi. The wu’ya is a
clan deity, and a tiponi
is a fetish of stone or
wood, representing
the deity. Unlike the
kachina dolls, these are
seldom brought out in
to the open, their use
normally reserved for
ritual use inside the
kiva.

43. Indeed, in 1960, the
so-called “Vernon man”
was discovered. Nine
inches high, carved
from sandstone and
painted with vertcal
stripes, this statue was
found in a crypt within
a kiva. Though popularly also labelled a
kachina, the Hopi
identify it as a wu’ya or
tiponi, a clan deity.
The kachina doll cult
is known to have definitely existed by 1300
AD. Some argue it
came from the Zuni
Pueblo to the West of
the Hopi Mesas,
others argue that it
came from the Rio
Grande, others that
it came from the
Mimbres cult of the
south, and/or
that it developed
in Mexico. In
short: no-one
knows. Details
of the paintings on Awatovi
murals, an ancestral
Hopi site, show
costumed and masked
figures as separated
elements or interacting
in scenes.
But the role and iconography of the dolls
does strongly echo certain Aztec deities such
as Tlaloc, the god of
rain, and Quetzalcoatl,
the feathered serpent, who was also
the bringer of rain
and corn. Seeing the
kachina are specifically
linked with the rain…
Recent discoveries in
Chaco Canyon have
also suggested that
the kachina cult was
introduced by cannibalistic warrior refugees
from the
south. It is clear that
this archaeological discovery – or at least the
conclusion drawn from
it – has created controversy within the Native
American community.
Wherever it came
from, representations
of masked beings that
have the characteristics of the kachina
appear on murals in
kivas that date to as
early as 1350. Situated
at Hopi and Homol’ovi
on the Hopi Mesas
themselves, it underlines the length of time
in which the cult has
been present amongst
the Hopi people.
…representations
of masked beings that have
the characteristics of the kachina
appear on murals in kivas
that date to as early as
1350 AD
42

44. Though all deities are equal,
some are more popular than others, the most famous for outside
is Kokopelli, a fertility deity, usually depicted as a humpbacked flute
player (often with a huge phallus
and feathers or antenna-like protrusions on his head). Like most
fertility deities, Kokopelli presides
over both childbirth and
agriculture, but he is also a trickster god and represents the spirit
of music.
Interestingly, Kokopelli is one of
the most easily recognized figures
found in the petroglyphs and pictographs of the Southwest, the
earliest known petroglyph depicting him dating to about 1000 AD.
It underlines that there is – at
least in the case of some deities –
a tradition that has spanned a
millennium.
Just how old the cult truly is,
no-one knows. In the dances, the
Kokopilua kachina dancer sings a
song in a language so ancient that
not a word of it is understood by
the modern Hopi themselves, who
know only that their deities have
accompanied them throughout
their migrations… and continue to
visit them annually at the Mesas.
Outsiders want to experience the
Hopi ceremonies, but are unlikely
to truly capture the essence of the
activities.
Kokopelli
A Hopi Indian has been raised, from
birth, in a tradition, surrounded by
dolls that represented otherworldly
creatures that are nevertheless part
of their world and daily life. These
entities did not crash-land just one
day somewhere; these entities have
been with them for thousands of
years, and continue to interact with
the Hopi in a manner that only a
Hopi can truly understand.
In Memory of
Philip Coppens
(1971 – 2012)
He was the most clear
and broad-minded writer
on ancient mysteries
43

45. “Yesterday is history, tomorrow
is a mystery, but today is a gift.
That is why it is called the ‘present’.”
We live in the twenty-first century, but we do not fully understand what it means. Most
people are involved in their everyday activity and they do not feel the wind of changes.
Every day we hear the news of natural catastrophes all over the world: earthquake in
Japan and New Zealand, floods in USA and Australia, avalanche of gale-force blizzards
over USA East Coast and unusually hot summers in Russia, the hottest in 1,000 years
of history. At least 100,000 people died from earthquakes, floods and heat phenomenon. In Pakistan, record monsoon rains destroyed infrastructure, left thousands dead
and millions homeless. Wildfires erupted across the countries, heavily damaging wheat
crops and forcing Moscow to impose an export ban that raised global wheat prices.
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