This presentation narrates the emergence of OERs, what are OERs and how we can network and collaborate to create, share OERs.

1. The Story of OERs

2. What
are…

3. Open Things…
• Open Access
• Open Content
• Open Course ware
• Open Source Software
• Open Education / e-Learning
• Open Educational Resources
• …and many more things

4. Image source: http://www.bihardays.com/
What is an
OER?

5. Beginning…
The term was first used at a
UNESCO conference in
2002, although OERs were
being produced and used
before that time. For
instance, the MIT
OpenCourseWare
project, which began in
2001, was one of the first
major initiatives of the OER
movement.

6. Open Educational Resources (OER) are
‘materials offered freely and openly to use
and adapt for
teaching, learning, development and
research’.
- The Commonwealth of Learning (COL)
http://www.col.org/resources/crsMaterials/Pages/OCW-OER.aspx

7. Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching and
learning materials that are freely available online
for everyone to use, whether you are an
instructor, student or self-learner. Examples of OER
include: full courses, course
modules, syllabi, lectures, homework
assignments, quizzes, lab and classroom
activities, pedagogical
materials, games, simulations, and many more
resources contained in digital media collections
from around the world.
- OER Commons

8. OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the
public domain or have been released under an intellectual property
license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. Open
educational resources include full courses, course
materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and
any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to
knowledge.
- The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation

9. Lets see how it all started…
http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/247
• In 1994 Wayne Hodgins coined the term “learning object,”
and this term quickly entered the vernacular of educators
and instructional designers.
• One role of learning objects in the history of OER is its
popularization of the idea that digital materials can be
designed and produced in such a manner as to be reused
easily in a variety of pedagogical situations.
• Along with its emphasis on reuse, the learning object
movement spawned several standards efforts aimed at
detailing metadata, content exchange, and other standards
necessary for users to find and reuse digital educational
content (ARIADNE, IMS, IEEE LTSC / LOM, SCORM, &c.).

10. Open Content
• In 1998 David Wiley
coined the term “open
content,” and while
targeted at the
educational community
(and learning object
creators
specifically), the term
quickly entered the
vernacular of internet
users.

11. Open Source…FOSS…
• One role of open content in the history of OER
is its popularization of the idea that the
principles of the open source / free software
movements can be productively applied to
content, and the creation of the first widely
adopted open license for content (the Open
Publication License).

12. Creative Commons…
• In 2001 Larry Lessig and others founded the
Creative Commons and released a flexible set of
licenses that were both a vast improvement on
the Open Publication Licenses™ confusing license
option structure and significantly stronger legal
documents.
• One role of Creative Commons in the history of
OER is the increase in credibility and confidence
their legally superior, much easier to use licenses
brought to the open content community.

13. 2001 MIT announced its
OpenCourseWare initiative
• to publish nearly every university course for
free public access for noncommercial use. MIT
OpenCourseWare has played many roles in
the history of OER, including being an example
of commitment at an institutional
level, working actively to encourage similar
projects, and lending the MIT brand to the
movement.

14. 2002: UNESCO
• As the number of
institutions offering free or
open courseware
increased, UNESCO
organized the 1st Global
OER Forum in 2002 where
the term Open Educational
Resources (OER) was
adopted.

15. 2005: OER Community wiki
• With the support of the Hewlett
Foundation, UNESCO created a global OER
Community wiki in 2005 to share information
and work collaboratively on issues
surrounding the production and use of Open
Educational Resources.

16. Feb 2006: WikiEducator domain name
registered

17. 2006 October: OpenLearn of UKOU

18. 2006 November
• FLOSS4Edu launches for African OER
• 2008: OER Africa launched

19. Open Educational Resources
free and openly licensed educational materials that can be used for
• teaching,
• learning,
• research, and
• other purposes.

20. Image Source: http://wikieducator.org/Educators_care/Defining_OER
“Open” in Open Content
4Rs Framework
• Reuse
• Revise
• Remix
• Redistribute
"A door can be wide open, mostly open, cracked slightly open, or completely
closed. So can your eyes, so can a window, etc.“ – David Wiley
http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/1123
http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/1123[

21. Types of Open Educational Resources
• Courses
• Course materials
• Content modules
• Learning objects
• Collections, and
• Journals

22. Wondering where
to find Course
Related OER
Materials?

26. OER Initiatives…

27. OER Africa

28. POERUP

29. OER Based ODL Course Material

30. The OpenCourseWare Consortium, APIKOM, the
Ministry of Communication and Informatics of
Indonesia

31. OCWC Global Conference 2013

32. Japan Opencourseware Consortium
(JOCW)

33. OER in Thailand

34. Thailand Cyber University Open
Courseware

35. OER in Pakistan

36. Sri Lanka

37. OER Repository

38. OER in Thailand

39. Creative Commons Korea

40. KOCW

41. National Knowledge Commission
Govt. of India
http://knowledgecommission.gov.in/focus/default.asp

42. Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay (IITB)

43. Open Educational Resources for
Schools (OER4S)
http://www.hbcse.tifr.res.in/research-development/projects/open-educational-resources-for-schools-oer4s

44. National Programme on Technology
Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/index.php

45. The National Institute of Open
Schooling
http://oer.nios.ac.in/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

46. SAKSHAT
http://www.sakshat.ac.in/

47. Vidyanidhi (Meaning 'Treasure of
Knowledge' in Sanskrit)

48. Rai OpenCourseware (Rai Foundation)
http://www.rbs.edu.in/chennai/rocw.html

49. Consortium for Educational Communication
(University Grants Commission)

50. eGyanKosh
http://www.egyankosh.ac.in/

51. Strategies…

52. Open Educational Practice (OEP)
A characteristic of Open
Educational
Practice, compared with
conventional forms of
professional practice, is
that it changes the
nature of relationships…
http://littlebylittlejohn.com/do-oer-funded-initiatives-impact-professional-practice/
- Allison Littlejohn, Lou McGill, Isobel Falconer, Jay Dempster

53. What this change is?
• Between academics and support staff (as people work
in multi-disciplinary teams, sharing areas of expertise);
• Amongst academics (as teaching practice shifts from
individual practice to cross-institutional and inter-
institutional collaboration);
• Between academics and students (as teachers and
learners (who may not be registered with a university)
interact in new ways);
• Between academics and organisations {including the
university where they are employed} (as university
activities open up).

54. What further we can do?

55. Explore… find… search…
Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education
http://www.iskme.org

56. Collaborate for content creation…
Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education
http://www.iskme.org

57. Collaborate for content creation…

58. Author:
Document, remix, license, and share OER
http://wikieducator.org/User:Kalpanagupte/My_Projects

59. Curate…
Create a specific collection of OER for easy access and sharing
http://www.scoop.it/t/open-learning-news
http://www.scoop.it/t/open-educational-resources-oer

60. Share…
http://wikieducator.org/User:Rashkath

61. Join
OER
Foundation…

63. Beome a
proud member
of
WikiEducator

64. http://wikieducator.org/Main_Page

65. WikiEducator - India
http://wikieducator.org/India

66. Free professional development
opportunity from the OER Foundation

67. OER Project: Guide for newly enrolled
distance learners

68. Thank You !