Day 5:The Lebanese Energy Audit Experience: From Canada, India, Tunisia, Jordan, and Lebanon

The Lebanese Energy Audit Experience:
From Canada, India, Tunisia, Jordan, and Lebanon

Nader Hajj Shehadeh
LCEC Energy Engineer
nader.hajjshehadeh@lcecp.org.lb

RCREEE Energy Audit Training in Buildings Tunis, 5 June 2010

Overview

The Energy Audit Programme o LCEC
e e gy ud og a e of C C
- Qualification process and Energy audits
- Capacity Building

Energy Audits Results
- Analysis of Results
- Common Energy Conservation Measures

Energy Audit Case Study
- Gefinor Rotana Hotel

Before We Start
Start...
Lets talk some sustainability

This is what we have been doing for
the past few days

150 papers
150 papers

Consumption
25 participants 18.6 kg of paper

80 g/m2

1600 liter of water
0.062 m2 /paper
0.062 m 0.3 trees

This is what we have been doing for
the past few days

800 Watts 1600 Watts

0.5 pages/sec 0.25 pages/sec

Consumption

6.46 kWh
6 6k h

The Energy Audit Programme o LCEC
e e gy ud og a e of C C
- Qualification process and Energy audits
- Capacity Building

The Electricity Cost and Price

$0.18

$0.15

Prodcutio
$0.12
n Cost,
$0.18

$0.09

Sold
Price,
$0.06 $0.10

$0.03

$0.00
$0 00

The Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation (LCEC) 2010

The Electricity Cost and Price

Government Subsidies (Million USD)
1400
1300

1200

1000
900

800

602
600 522
449
400 350 275
192
200 190 200
200 148
80 110 135 100 105
50 20 30 62
0 10 5 30 20 22
0
82' 83' 84' 85' 86' 87' 88' 89' 90' 91' 92' 93' 94' 95' 96' 97' 98' 99' 00' 01' 02' 03' 04' 05' 06' 07' 08'
The Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation (LCEC) 2010

The Energy Audit Market of the Past

The first local energy audit firm gets into business.
1996
Business is weak, with a major barrier of funding.
1

.
.
Energy audit business is shy, with one firm performing solely..
Energy audit business is shy with one firm performing solely.. 1
.

LCECP is launched; aim: remove barriers to ESCO operations.
2003
LCECP coordinates, supervises, and helps funding the studies.
3

LCECP refreshes, promoting more energy audit activities.
2007
Offering trainings, workshops, & development sessions.
Offering trainings workshops & development sessions.
6

Energy Audit Market is getting stronger and stronger.
2009
Energy Audit Firms are starting to develop their own business.
8

The Start of LCEC(P)

The Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation is a joint project
between the UNDP and the Ministry of Energy and Water.

PROJECT NUMBER 000013385 (LEB/99/G31)
Lebanon ‐ Cross Sectoral Energy Efficiency and Removal of
gy y
TITLE
TITLE
Barriers to ESCO Operation
PROJECT SITE Lebanon
DURATION 5 years + 1 year extension
APPROVAL DATE June 2001
START DATE April 2002
PROJECT TARGET Energy Efficiency & Conservation
TYPE OF PROJECT Policy/Operational/Management
l / l/
EXECUTING AGENCY Ministry of Energy & Water (MEW)
ADMINISTRATOR AGENCY United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
PROJECT FUNDING
PROJECT FUNDING Global Environment Facility (GEF Ministry of Energy & Water (MEW)
Global Environment Facility (GEF Ministry of Energy & Water (MEW)
Industrial, Commercial & Residential Energy users, Ministry of Energy
PROJECT BENEFICIARIES
and Water, EDL and the Lebanese population at large.

The Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation

Role:
LCEC is the national energy agency catering for EE & RE in Lebanon.
LCEC acts as the technical point of reference specialized in energy
conservation i
ti issues within th L b
ithi the Lebanese Mi i t of E
Ministry f Energy and W t
d Water.

pp :
Supporters:
- Ministry of Energy and Water
- United Nations Development Programme
- Global Environment Facility


Activities:
LCEC deals with energy efficiency and renewable energies in the
concept of energy conservations, and works on the following axes:

Pilot Projects Energy Audits Capacity Building

Awareness Standards & Labels Legislation


Regional Role:
LCEC is the national focal point of various projects and centers.
LCEC is a BoT member of the Regional Center for Renewable Energy
and E
d Energy Effi i
Efficiency (RCREEE)

The Energy Audit Programme of LCEC

The project was launched in 2002
p j

More actively since 2005

We followed Mr. Kreidy’s recommended methodology:

Building Capacity
Building Capacity Mission
Analysis of current situation Work plan & Budget

The ESCO

An ESCO, Energy Service Company, is a professional business
, gy p y, p f
providing a broad range of comprehensive energy solutions
including designs and implementation of energy savings
projects,
projects energy conservation energy infrastructure
conservation,
outsourcing, power generation and energy supply, and risk
management.

ESCO: Services

• Prequalify the customer

• Conduct an energy audit (large projects needs an investment grade
audit)

• Establish a sound base-year data (or baseline)

• Secu e solid contract- fa for
Secure a sol d co t act fair fo all pa t es
parties

• Implement quality measures

• Operations and Maintenance (O&M)

• Measurement & Savings Verification

• Project Management

ESCO: Characteristics

• All previous services include risk assessment ESCO should
assessment,
calculate each risk and discount the savings guarantee accordingly.

• ESCO should be constituted from a large and complete
organizational resources (Managers, engineers, accounting…)

• It should arrange financing and not participate to it.

• Most of the time, its business revolves around performance
contracting.

ESCO: Performance Contracting

• It is by far the most widespread financing tool in the North
American ESCO market

• It has fuelled the dramatic increase in energy efficiency projects in
these regions

• It’s based usually on a three party contract: Client, ESCO,
Financier (Bank, Utility,…)

• It’s usually a 5-10 years contract

• ESCO is paid solely based on the “performance” of the energy
efficiency project.

• Performance C
P f Contracting i primarily a fi
i is i il financial transaction ( d
i l i (and
not a technical or legal one)

The finance

LCEC partially/completely finances energy audit studies for
both public and private beneficiaries.
LCEC inspects and evaluates the site and thus decides the
cost of the Energy Audit study.
For Private Sectors:
There is a cost sharing agreement between the
beneficiary and LCEC that evolved with time
time.
For Public Sectors:
LCEC finances 100% of the cost of the study
Exception: Small Buildings
LCECP finances 100% of the cost of the study for both
p
public & p
private sectors.

The finance

Evolution of Energy Audit Financing

Conducted Studies within 21 months

August 2007 – November 2008 (21 months) : 95 sites
Conducted: 4.5 sites per month

100
90
Conducted Sites
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Prequalification Process

In order for an energy firm to be eligible to participate in the LCEC
energy audit program, a pre-qualification questionnaire needs to b
di lifi i i i d be
filled and submitted for evaluation.

The purpose of this questionnaire is to collect adequate information
on the Lebanese companies with regard to their capabilities and
experiences in respect of energy audits.

The evaluation criteria follows the following scheme:
- Company Structure and Organization (150 points)
- Expertise and Experience (250 points)
- Financial Capability (150 points)
- Human Resources (250 points)
- Equipment and Software (200 points)

Qualified Companies by LCEC

Awareness Building

Capacity Building

Capacity Building

2007

Energy Auditing Training

Experts: Econoler
Date: 20-21 February 2007
y
Participants:
Energy Auditors, Engineers,
EDL, MEW...

Capacity Building

2008

Reactive Power Energy Efficiency in
Enhancement Electrical Systems

Experts: Local Experts Experts: NERC – Jordan
Date: 20 February 2008
y Date: 16-17 April 2008
p
Participants: Participants:
Energy Auditors, Engineers, Energy Auditors, Engineers,
EDL, MEW... EDL, MEW, Universities...

Capacity Building

2008

Energy Efficiency in ESCO Business
Electrical Systems Development

Experts: NERC – Jordan Experts: IIEC International
Date: 11-12 June 2008 Date: 22 - 23 July 2008
y
EDL, MEW, Universities... EDL, MEW, Banks...

Capacity Building

2008

Energy Saving in Steam
CO2 Calculations
Systems

Experts: IIEC International Experts: IDEKO – Lebanon
Date: 24 July 2008
y Date: 15 October 2008
EDL, MEW, Universities... EDL, MEW, Universities...

Capacity Building

2008

Measurement Technique
in Energy Auditing
g g

Experts: CRA2E – Tunisia
Date: 15 December 2008
Participants:
Energy Auditors, Engineers,
Architects...

Capacity Building

2009

Energy Audit Applications Energy Audit in
& Methodologies
g Commercial Buildings
g

Experts: IIEC International Experts: CRA2E – Tunisia
Date: 16 April 2009
p Date: 16 May 2009
y
EDL, MEW, Universities... EDL, MEW, Universities...

Part of the International Experts Part of the International Experts
Project Project

The International ESCOs Programme

Project Details

The Aim was to hire two international ESCO’s to support local energy audit
firms in five selected projects supervised by LCEC and transfer the
necessary know-how

LCEC received applications from several professional ESCOs from different
countries. According to LCEC selection criteria the International ESCOs
hired are:
• CRA2E- Tunisia
• IIEC- India


IIEC

Hotel-Dieu de
Solicar
France

Local Firm: Local Firm:
Apave Lebanon Metacs
Date of Execution: Date of Execution:
Aug 2008 – Apr 2009 Aug 2008 – Apr 2009


CRA2E

City Mall Beirut Airport ABC Ashrafieh

Local Firm: Local Firm: Local Firm:
Beta Engineering NEC Apave Lebanon
Date of Execution: Date of Execution: Date of Execution:
Sep 2008 – May 2009 Sep 2008 – May 2009 Sep 2008 – Mar 2009

The Outstanding Engineers Programme

2009

Intensive Training for Outstanding Performance Energy
Auditors

Experts: CRA2E – Tunisia
Date: 11 – 18 October 2009
Participants:
4 Energy Auditors
1 from LCEC


Project Details

4 energy audit engineers were selected based on their performance and
quality of work at the energy audit works with LCEC

LCEC received offers from several professional ESCOs from different
countries and ended up selecting CRA2E for their great experience and
the comprehensive training programme they proposed.


Project Details

The one-week infield training was conducted by CRA2E, and was included
the following facilities:
STEG power generation plant:
- Trainees learned the details of the power generation process
- Trainees conducted power and combustion testing
Phenicia Hotel in Hammamat:
- Trainees performed an energy audit with CRA2E
- Trainees performed analysis for thermal and electrical systems
Mawasir Factory:
- Trainees learned about implemented energy efficiency measures

In the pipeline

2010

NEEREA
Energy Conservation Law
(National RE & EE Account)

- Mandatory & regulatory - Target: EE & RE projects
energy audit for large
gy g - Role: provide 0% interest
p
facilities loans with full risk guarantees
- Close collaboration with - Sectors: All sectors
ESCOs - Requirement: Approval by
- Promotion of Energy Efficient LCEC on the technical
equipment proposal
- Apply Energy Conservation
Measures to all public and
governmental facilities

In the pipeline – Already Initiated

2010

The Energy Efficiency House Doctor

In the pipeline – Already Initiated

The Energy Efficiency House Doctor

gy g
The Impact

The Impact

Energy Audit Firms:
Total number of qualified firms: 8
Dedicated firms (ESCOs): 2
Energy Audit Engineers: 20
Energy Audit Engineers: 20

Energy Audit Studies:
All in all: 108
All in all: 108

Implementation Projects:
Public: 4
Private: 9

The Impact

Current Qualified Energy Audit Firms: 8 (+3 conditional)

The Impact

The LCEC programme created a momentum giving energy audit
p g g g gy
companies a push to perform energy audits.

They now have the know-how, the equipment, the
qualification, the awareness, and very nearly the financial
support.

Several ESCOs operate in the Arab region and Europe. They
perform energy audits for industrial and commercial buildings
buildings.
They also perform green building design.

They learned it and now teaching it…

The Impact

“The l
“Th role of LCEC is centrall in th d
f i t i the development
l t
of the Energy Efficiency Business in general and
ESCO in particular. It has helped us by raising the
awareness among the potentiall end users, it h
th t ti d has
put us in connection with key stakeholders, it has
pushed the whole filed to new boundaries. All
the above had positive impacts to our
h b h d ii i
business…”
Ronald Diab
Energy Efficiency Group
“…Just look at the audits done under the LCEC
Managing Director
scheme and those implemented by EEG
afterwards. Apart the fact that it helps us by
giving the whole field a good legitimacy.”

Energy Audits Results
- Analysis of Results
- Common Energy Conservation Measures

The Energy Audits of LCEC
Distribution by Sector

Public Services
Social
11
Services 7
44
Industrial
24
Commercial
22

Energy Conservation Measures

Average Payback Period
7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

# of Sites
1‐10
11‐20
21‐30
31‐40
41‐50
51‐60
61‐70
>70


Average Payback Period v/s average lifetime
16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

# of Sites
1‐10
11‐20
21‐30
31‐40
41‐50
51‐60
61‐70
>70

Sample: 9 sites

Industrial
2
Services
4
Commercial
3

Sample: 9 sites

Energy
Generators
20%

Cost
Thermal
EDL
22% EDL
80%
46%

Generators
32%

h l
Thermal
31%

EDL
55%
Generators
14%

Sample: 9 sites

Thermal 7.6

Generators 25.2

EDL 9.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
¢/kWh

Sample: 9 sites

Thermal 7.6

Generat
25.2
25 2
ors

EDL 9.0
Do we need
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
mandatory
d t
¢/kWh audits?!!

Generator
s Energy
E
20%

EDL
80%

Sample: 9 sites

Commercial

Services

Industrial

0 2 4 6 8

Sample: 9 sites

Consumption Annual Bill Investment Savings Payback

(USD) (KWh) (USD)

229,701,907 120,122,086 12,629,062 44,061,900 4,285,623 2.95

“Results of Nine Energy Audit Studies” Report

Energy Audit Case Study
- Gefinor Rotana Hotel

Case Study 1: Gefinor Rotana Hotel

Site Gefinor Rotana Hotel
Sector Commercial
Business Hotel
Location Beirut
Climatic Zone
Climatic Zone Coastal
Surface Area 20,000 m2
Rooms 164


Disclaimer:

The figures, analysis, and results presented in this case
study are compiled from the energy audit report
submitted by National Energy Consultants (NEC) and
conducted under the supervision of LCEC.

Overview on Energy Auditing

Project Data Onsite
Initiation Collection Work

1. Kick off 1. Collection of 1. Perform spot
Meeting Building info measurements

2. Collection of
2. Identifying 2. Install
inventory &
the contact
the contact meters
drawings

3. Sharing the
g 3. Collecting
g 3. Download
work plan bills recorded data

Overview on Energy Auditing

Data Analysis ECMs

1. Analysis of 2. Analysis of 1. Low/No cost
electricity electrical load ECMs

3. Analysis of 2. Propose
4. Benchmark
thermal energy
thermal energy possible ECMs
possible ECMs

3. Economic
5. Building
g 6. Water
feasibility of
feasibility of
envelope system analysis
ECMs

Project Initiation

2. Identifying the 3. Sharing the work
1. Kick off Meeting
g
contact plan
l

LCEC
Mr. Joe Abou NEC proposed
p p
+
Jawde was the work plan
Contractor
assigned to be and shared it
(NEC)
NEC’s focal with JAJ with a
+
point
i t set deadline
t d dli
Gefinor Hotel

Data Collection

1. Collection of Building info
1 Collection of Building info

Occupancy Rate
p y Operation
p

12/12 months
7/7 days
24/24 hours

Surface Area

20,000 m2

Data Collection

2. Collection of inventory & drawings
2 Collection of inventory & drawings

Data Collection

3. Collection of bills
3 Collection of bills

Onsite Work

1. Perform spot measurements
1 Perform spot measurements Lighting Level
Lighting Level

Onsite Work

1. Perform spot measurements
1 Perform spot measurements Temperatures

Onsite Work

2. Install meters
2 Install meters

Temperatures & Humidity
T t & H idit Power analyzer
P l

Onsite Work

2. Install meters
2 Install meters

Combustion analyzer
C b ti l Energy logger
E l

Onsite Work

3. Download recorded data
3 Download recorded data Temperature & Humidity
Temperature & Humidity

Onsite Work

3 Download recorded data Power logging
Power logging

Onsite Work

3 Download recorded data Voltage logging
Voltage logging

Onsite Work

3 Download recorded data Amperage logging
Amperage logging

Onsite Work

3 Download recorded data Harmonic distortion
Harmonic distortion

Onsite Work

3 Download recorded data Power factor
Power factor

Data Analysis

3 Download recorded data Energy recording
Energy recording

Data Analysis

1. Analysis of electricity
1 Analysis of electricity EDL & generators
EDL & generators

EDL Transformer 2,000 kVA
Tariff Industrial
(5.3, 7.5, 21.3 ¢)
(5 3 7 5 21 3 ¢)
Backup Generator 1,600 kVA

Data Analysis

1 Analysis of electricity EDL consumption
EDL consumption

Data Analysis

1 Analysis of electricity Generators consumption
Generators consumption

Data Analysis

1 Analysis of electricity Electrical energy consumption
Electrical energy consumption

Data Analysis

1 Analysis of electricity Electrical energy cost
Electrical energy cost

Data Analysis

2. Analysis of electrical load
2 Analysis of electrical load Inventory

Data Analysis

2 Analysis of electrical load Energy/Load Breakdown
Energy/Load Breakdown

Data Analysis

2 Analysis of electrical load Consumption per category
Consumption per category

Data Analysis

3. Analysis of thermal energy
3 Analysis of thermal energy Steam boiler
Steam boiler

Data Analysis

3 Analysis of thermal energy Hot water boiler
Hot water boiler

Data Analysis

3 Analysis of thermal energy Total boilers
Total boilers

Data Analysis

4. Energy benchmark
4 Energy benchmark Electrical energy
Electrical energy

Data Analysis

4. Energy benchmark
4 Energy benchmark Total energy
Total energy

Data Analysis

5. Building envelope
5 Building envelope U‐Value
U Value

Walls Windows & Doors
Material Concrete Material Aluminum
Type
T Double wall
D bl ll Type
T Double glazed
D bl l d
U‐Value 2.54 W.m2/K U‐Value 2.38 W.m2/K

Roof
Material Concrete
Type
yp Asphalt + water proof
p p
U‐Value 1.33 W.m2/K

Data Analysis

6. Water system analysis
6 Water system analysis Water treatment
Water treatment


1. Low/No cost ECMs
1 Low/No cost ECMs Good housekeeping
Good housekeeping

• Set all thermostats comfortably low in the winter and comfortably
high in the summer
• Install a programmable thermostat that is compatible with the existing
cooling system.
• Turn off computers and monitors when not in use.
• Cl
Close all doors and windows when A/C units are used (i t ll
ll d d i d h it d (install
automatic closing devices)
• Plug electronics, such as TVs, into p
g , , power strips; turn the power strips
p ; p p
off when the equipment is not in use (TVs and other electronic
equipment in standby mode still use several watts of power).


1. Low/No cost ECMs
1 Low/No cost ECMs Good housekeeping
Good housekeeping

• Start using energy-saving settings on refrigerators, dishwashers,
energy saving
washing machines, and clothes dryers.
• Look for the energy efficient appliances and products. Such as the US
ENERGY STAR label. That equipment will have at least a 10%
improvement from standard available in the market.


1. Low/No cost ECMs
1 Low/No cost ECMs Exit sign
Exit sign

• Retrofit Exit Sign Board with LED Board


1. Low/No cost ECMs
1 Low/No cost ECMs HVAC operation & maintenance
HVAC operation & maintenance

• Set all thermostats comfortably low in the winter and comfortably
high in the summer
• Replace Fans filters on a monthly or bi-monthly schedule (for large
A/C units) and clean internal filters for small split units.
• Insulate doors, hot water heater(s) and pipes, and ductwork located
in unconditioned areas; especially the windows in contact with
ambient temperature like in emergency department windows which is
always open to outside.


1. Low/No cost ECMs
1 Low/No cost ECMs HVAC operation & maintenance
HVAC operation & maintenance

• Cover and lock thermostats and ventilation controls to prevent
unauthorized adjustments
• Check for unusual noise, vibration and decrease in performance or
compressors/motors
• Seal ductwork leaks
• Inspect/clean condenser coils
• Clean and disinfect condensate drain pans
• Adjust building temperature by season; lower in winter and higher in
summer
• Installing air curtain on main entrance doors


1. Low/No cost ECMs
1 Low/No cost ECMs Boiler operation & maintenance
Boiler operation & maintenance

• Check combustion efficiency
• Check for leakage
• Check static pressure
• Check for pipes insulation
• Lubricate circulators/pumps


1. Low/No cost ECMs
1 Low/No cost ECMs Refrigeration operation & maintenance
Refrigeration operation & maintenance

• Keep cold air supply and return registers clean and clear of product
product.
• Maintain minimum recommended refrigeration temperature for
produce.
• Optimal refrigeration efficiency is achieved with ambient air relative
humidity levels between 40-55%.
• Check for unusual noise, vibration and decrease in performance of
compressors/motors.
• Clean refrigeration coils regularly.
• Replace worn and/or leaky door seals.


1. Low/No cost ECMs
1 Low/No cost ECMs Refrigeration operation & maintenance
Refrigeration operation & maintenance

• Verify operation and efficiency of defrost timers and moisture sensors
to ensure optimal performance.
• Clean and disinfect condensate drain pans.
• Monthly/bi-monthly maintenance contract.
• Follow manufacturer's recommendations for shelf position and size.
• Keep upright display case doors shut.
• Rotate stock regularly.
• Do not let refrigerated items warm-up during delivery and restocking.
warm up
• Turn off refrigeration unit when not in use.


2. Propose possible ECMs
2 Propose possible ECMs

1. Low cost / No cost EEMs: General operation and maintenance procedure.
. : p p .
2. Peak Hours Management.
3. Motor treatment: Decentralized Power Factor Correction.
4. Motor treatment: Line/Load Reactors
5.
5 Installation of Inverter / VFDs on the process cooling system.
system
6. Refrigeration/cooling compressor treatment: Oil additive.
7. Lighting Retrofit.
8. Installation of Motion Detectors.
9. Cogeneration - Waste heat exhaust gas boiler.
10. Solar hot water system.
11. Building envelop: Green roof.
12.
12 Water consumption efficiency
efficiency.
13. Enterprise Energy Management
14. Computerized Maintenance Management System.


3. Economic feasibility of ECMs
3 Economic feasibility of ECMs


Peak hours management
Peak hours management Description

• Using Onsite Generators instead of EDL at peak hours

Gefinor Rotana Hotel is currently not using its on site power
generation during peak EDL hours. This decision was right in the near
past when diesel prices reached a hike, however, with their latest
decrease, it is now a feasible option as seen here after.
The facility has a 2x600kVA and 1x400kVA generators installed and
able to cover all the hotel’s power demand


Peak hours management Financials


Peak hours management Conditions & constraints
Conditions & constraints


Motor treatment
Motor treatment Description

Decentralized Power Factor Correction

The main advantages from the connections side:
• Increase load capabilities or distribution systems (inside the facility)
• Can be switched with equipment / no additional switching is required
which improves the Power Quality
• Better voltage regulation because capacitor usage follows exactly the
load
• Capacitor sizing is simplified
• Capacitors are coupled with equipment and therefore move with it
should a rearrangement occurs.


Motor treatment
Motor treatment Description


Motor treatment
Motor treatment Installation


Motor treatment
Motor treatment Financials


Harmonics treatment
Harmonics treatment Description

For DC motors and AC motors with inverters: Line/Load Reactors
:

The anti-harmonic reactor has two purposes:
• to increase the impedance of the capacitor against harmonic currents
• to shift the parallel resonance frequency (Fr.p.) of the source and the
(Fr p )
capacitor to below the main frequencies of the interfering harmonic
currents.


Harmonics treatment
Harmonics treatment Installation


Harmonics treatment
Harmonics treatment Financials


Process cooling enhancement
Process cooling enhancement Description

Installation of Inverters/VFDs on the process cooling system
p g y

By reducing the speed of a centrifugal fan or pump, the acoustic noise
level as well as the draught from fan systems is reduced. Water
hammer from pump systems can be totally avoided.
Saving energy is achieved by:
1. Controlling the pumps system’s capacity to match the actual need.
2. Removing unnecessary energy loss caused by vanes and valves.


Process cooling enhancement Description


Process cooling enhancement Installation


Compressor treatment
Compressor treatment Description

Compressor additive oil
p

The PROA refrigeration oil supplement is a space age lubricant
containing a napthenic oil base with a number of specially developed
additives. It contains two anti-oxidation and anti-wear systems that
reduce friction, save energy use, and extend equipment life. The
primary system stays in solution and is triggered by temperature on an
as-needed basis, only. The secondary system is metal seeking and
latches onto all the internal metal surfaces.


Compressor treatment
Compressor treatment Description


Process cooling enhancement Financials


Lighting Retrofit
Lighting Retrofit Description

Retrofit magnetic ballast by electronic ballast in Fluorescent fixtures

Each Fluorescent fixture includes a ballast (or choke) which are usually
of the magnetic type. In the last decades, large advances were made in
that field and Electronic Ballasts were introduced in the market
providing clear advantages.
Today, electronic ballasts are going main steam with prices dropping
substantially, making them the preferred choice.


Lighting Retrofit

Retrofit Incandescent Bulbs by Fluorescent Compact bulbs

Replacement of existing incandescent bulbs by CFLs; the result is
substantial energy efficiency and increase of life cycle.
There are incandescent bulbs used in different area which can be
retrofitted. This retrofit will not only reduce the lighting energy cost
but will also play an important role in reducing the heat output
substantially, making them the preferred choice.


Lighting Retrofit

Retrofit Incandescent Bulbs by Fluorescent Compact bulbs

Until recently very little retrofit options were available as we needed a
flat surface bulb with a small diameter. In the last 2 years, new
technology has emerged is based on an innovative fluorescent compact
bulb that has a flat surface and a small diameter and a warm white
(yellow) color.
them the preferred choice.


Lighting Retrofit

Retrofit of PAR lamps (Parabolic aluminized reflector)

A new bulb that has the same flat shape of a PAR light, same diameter,
warm white color and that can use directly line voltage.
Total benefits are a reduction of bulb wattage from 75W to 15W and
from 160W to 20W, which would reduce the watts lost, and a
substantial increase in life cycle (from 4000 hours to 15,000 hours)
leading to a reduction of labor


Lighting Retrofit

Retrofit Metal Halide bulbs by Pulse Start Metal Halide bulbs/systems

The main bulb features and benefits are:
• More light (higher lumen/watts)
• Longer life and better Mortality Curve: Up to 20% more
• Superior lumen maintenance: 40%. More lumens
• Faster Warm up/ Re strike: 60% less time
p/ Re-strike:
• Color uniformity:
• Saves Energy: replace a 400W standard MH by a 250W Pulse Start MH


Lighting Retrofit
Lighting Retrofit Financials


Lighting control
Lighting control Description

Installation of motion detectors

Passive infrared (PIR) technology. This relies on “line-of-sight” coverage
to detect occupancy by sensing the difference in heat emitted by humans
in motion from that of the background space.
Ultrasonic technology. This utilizes the Doppler principle to detect
occupancy through emitting ultrasonic sound waves throughout a space
space.
Dual technology (DT): These sensors employ both PIR and ultrasonic
technologies. DT sensors will activate lights when both sensing
technologies detect occupancy but will continue to hold lighting on as
occupancy,
long as only one technology detects continued occupancy.


Lighting control
Lighting control Description


Lighting control
Lighting control Installation


Lighting control
Lighting control Financials


Cogeneration Description

Waste Heat Recovery
y

Waste Heat, in the most general sense, is the energy associated with
the waste streams of air, exhaust g
, gases and/or liquids that leave the
q
boundaries of a plant or building and enter the environment.

All waste heat that is successfully recovered directly substitutes for
purchased energy and therefore reduces the consumption of and the
cost of that energy. A second potential benefit is realized when waste
heat substitution results in smaller capacity requirements for energy
conversion equipment.
Some examples of Waste Heat Recovery are the production of Hot
Water from process heat or the production of chilled water via
Absorption Chillers running on hot water or steam


Cogeneration – Exhaust Gas Boiler
Cogeneration Exhaust Gas Boiler Description


Cogeneration Production
Production


Cogeneration Financials


Cogeneration – Heat Exchangers
Cogeneration Heat Exchangers Description


Solar Water Heating
Solar Water Heating Description

Essentially a SWH uses the sun to heat water in collectors mounted on a
roof or some raised south-facing area. The heated water is then stored
in a tank not unlike a conventional electric or gas water.

Solar water heating systems consist of a solar collector and a storage
tank connected by two pipes. In the solar collector, the sun's energy is
converted to heat in the liquid in the solar collector‘s channels. This
collector s channels
liquid transports the heat through a pipe to the storage tank, where the
heat is transferred to the water in the heat exchanger.


Solar Water Heating
Solar Water Heating Description


Solar Water Heating
Solar Water Heating Production


Solar Water Heating
Solar Water Heating Financials


Building envelope enhancement
Building envelope enhancement Description

Green Roof


Building envelope enhancement Description


Building envelope enhancement Heat transmission reduction
Heat transmission reduction


Building envelope enhancement Financials


Water efficiency
Water efficiency Description

General Operation and Maintenance issues
p

• Ensure return of steam condensate to boiler for reuse
• Use full loads in sanitizers, sterilizers and lab equipment dishwashers.
, q p
• Operate kitchen dishwashers with full loads only, and shut off when
they are not in use.
• Reduce flow to surgical vacuum pumps to acceptable minimum level
and maintain proper operation
operation.
• Locate and repair leaks.
• Check steam traps periodically, repair when necessary.
• Initiate employee awareness program, get input and ideas from staff,
offer incentives. Encourage employee water conservation at home as
well.


Water efficiency

General Operation and Maintenance issues
p

• Evaluate daily routines of staff (i.e. showering, clean up, and hand
washing) and encourage efficient p
g) g practices and procedures.
p
• Develop a water management plan at your facility
• In Laundry:
• Evaluate wash program considering daily wash loads. Consult
manufacturer for specifications regarding minimizing water
necessary for various load soil conditions.
• Check with chemical vendor and evaluate wash formula.
• Investigate a rinse water reclamation system to reuse rinse water
for wash cycle.
• Consider installing a wash water and rinse water treatment and
reclamation system.


Water efficiency

Installation of Laminor Flow control for faucets and showers

Laminar Flow is achieved by arresting the kinetic energy at the faucet’s
discharge point down to less than 4 fps and directing water through
g p p g g
precisely engineered and spaced perforated plates within flow control.
Laminar Flow Means:
• No splash improved wetting ability, excellent cohesion, softness, low
velocity and cannot introduce airborne bacteria to the water system
system.
• Fluid particles move in parallel layers.
• Each layer has a constant velocity and is in relative motion to its
neighbor.
• Very low velocity compared to aerated streams.
• A transparent, crystal clear solid soft stream of water.


Water efficiency


Water efficiency
Water efficiency Financials

Energy Audit
Minor effort, Major recommendations, Massive results

Day 5:The Lebanese Energy Audit Experience: From Canada, India, Tunisia, Jordan, and Lebanon

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