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Fire Triangle
Fire is caused according to the principle of triangle .
1. Heat ( temperature reaching ignition point )
2. Combusting material( fuel)
3. Air
Extinguishing Method
1. Heat by Cooling i.e. putting water
2. Air by Smothering / Blanketing i.e. covering
3. Fuel by Starving ( Remove burning material)
Human brain without oxygen survive only 4 min.
Fire extinguishes if oxygen supply stop for 2 Sec.
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The success of fire fighting depends on
Fire fighting equipments in working condition
Fire warning system and quantity of extinguishers
Fire training ( knowledge )
It is essential for everybody to know type of fire and then
extinguish it with correct extinguisher in quick and effective
manner.
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Classification of fire
1. A class(Solid,wood,paper,etc)
2. B class (oil,paint,etc)
3. C class,(Gas,carbonmonoxide)
4. D class ( Metal,zinc,copper,etc)
5. Electrical fire.
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Extinguishers:-
1. Water type :- Removes heat i.e. Cooling
only for A class fire.
2. Foam type :-Cutting of Oxygen i.e. Smothering
or Blanketing + cooling)
Only on A,B fire
3. CO2 type :- Displace Oxygen i.e. smothering
Use only on B,C,E fire
4. DCP type:- Cutting of Oxygen i.e. Smothering Use
only B,C,E fire. If ammonium phosphate
is used then it can be used on A class also.
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Types of Extinguishers in ROGS
Co2
AFFF
DCP ABC
Store
Pressure
Type
DCP BC
Cartridge
Type
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CO2 EXTINGUISHER
Contains: Liquefied CO2 , 4.5 Kg at 1.125
PSI and at 16 degree .
Operation :-Hold the extinguisher by
trigger assembly . Remove safety pin
Approach base of fire open the valve fully
& sweep it. By this we are Cutting of Oxygen of
fire called smothering
Suitable for : B,C and Electrical Fire
Note:- Do not grip the fiber hose or
cylinder during use or you will get cold
burn.
It can not be used against A class of fire
because there is no cooling effect CO2
escape in air.
It can not be used against D class of fire
because reaction takes place.
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AFFF Type Contains : 550 ML Aqueous Film Forming
foam Compound mixed with fresh water and
one Co2 cartridge of 60-90 gm .
Operation: Open the safety pin . Hold the
hose towards base of fire. Strike the knob
with left hand . Co2 cartridge will break and
AFFF Foam with a pressure of 3.5 Kg /cm2
will come out. Sweep it on fire. By this we
are Cutting of Oxygen of fire called
smothering
Suitable for:- A and B class of fire.
Note: Not to use on Electrical and D class fire because of water
reaction
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DCP ABC STORE PRESSURE TYPE
Contains :Contains 5 Kg Mono
Ammonium phosphate with nitrogen gas
under pressure. It does not have cartridges
.
Operation : Remove the safety pin hold the
hose to base of fire, press the handle and
sweep. We can stop at any time in between
by releasing handle. Nitrogen drives to
jetting powder for extinguishing . By this
we are cutting off oxygen of fire called
smothering
Suitable For: A, B, C and E class of fire
only.
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DCP Type (Dry
chemical Powder )
Extinguisher
10 Kg DCP
Contains
1) Mono
Ammonium
phosphate
2) Nitrogen
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DCP BC CARTREDGE TYPE
Note: Can not be used against A class of fire.
Contains :Contains Sodium bicarbonate powder 5
Kg and Co2 cartridge 120-150 gm
Operation : Remove the safety pin hold the hose to
base of fire, Strike the knob with hand and sweep
the hose on fire. We can not stop till the
extinguisher finishes.Co2 drives to jetting powder
for extinguishing . By this we are cutting off
oxygen of fire called smothering
Suitable For: B, C and E class of fire only.
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DCP ABC CARTREDGE
TYPE
5 Kg Sodium
bicarbonate
Inner container
Co2 cartridge 120-
150gm
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FIRE HYDRANT AND FIRE BUCKETS
FIRE HYDRANT:- 30 MTR Mtr hose with nozzle are kept on
guest staircase each floor one. For operating connect it to the
hydrant point ( which is in the duct of each floor) and open the
valve. Jet water will go upto 50 to 60 feet
30 Mtr hose reel also connected to the hydrant on each floor.
This rubber hose reel of 1 inch width can be unroll and we can
use with pressure nozzle
There are fire buckets are kept near DG set, Gas bank and HT
Panel room. They should not be removed or use for other
purpose except fire fighting.
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Action in case of fire
1. During break out of fire panic , nervousness and confusion
should not be there.
2. Inform Reception and security by dialing 9 by nearest Tel.
3. Give the your name, exact location and size of fire
4. Action should be quick so that small fire can be extinguish
immediately. The delay in action cause fire to grow and may
become difficult to be controlled later
5. Stay on the fire area if safe to do so. Don’t panic .Try to
extinguish the fire with extinguishers/fire hydrant hose.
6. If fire not under control , inform fire brigade and Evacuate
Hotel
7. Follow the route for escape which is pasted on each door in
room
8. Provide help to the guest for evacuation .
9. For guest assembly point is Porch area
10. For staff Lower parking area
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YOU MUST KNOW
1. The place where the fire fighting extinguishers are kept .
2. The place where fire hydrant hoses and fire buckets are kept.
3. Fire hydrant points.
4. The telephone numbers of fire brigade , ambulance and
police
5. what is the class of fire and what kind of of fire extinguisher
can be used for this class of fire
6. Application of water on liquid fire and electrical fire causes
fire to spread
7. The route for escape is marked and pasted on each door in
room
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DO’s and DONT’s
1. DO NOT allow to use lift. Use only staircase left side.
2. Do not run to fire zone without extinguisher.
3. Close window & door as you leave fire zone
4. Do not shout
5. DO NOT open door & not to switch on Exhaust fan
6. Do not waste time to collect personnel belongings.
7. Use wet towel on your mouth and nose
8. Crawl at lower level while passing through smoke are
9. Do not break sealed window . Do not open window suddenly
10. Do not jump out of window
11. The water buckets and sand buckets should not be removed
unless required for fighting the fire.
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EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS
100 -- POLICE
101 – FIRE BRIGADE
102 – AMBULANCE
103 – TRFFIC POLICE
108 – NATIONAL EMERGENCY
ALL THESE ARE TOLL FREE NUMBERS
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CAUSES OF FIRE:-
Housekeeping :- Poor house keeping is a poor fire
hazard . Cotton , cloths, papers ,etc are the sources
of ignition. They should be kept away from
combusting material like petrol, oil ,etc.
Smoking:- Careless smoking in non smoking areas
should be stopped . Smoking shall be permitted in
smoking zone only.
Welding / gas cutting :- While doing gas welding
or oxy-acetylene cutting produces flying sparks
which falls on inflammable material and fire takes
place.
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Ignorance about fire hazards:- Lack of knowledge about
the safe methods of storage of inflammable liquids,
materials. Correct use of electrical equipments etc.
Negligent habit :- Our negligent or careless habits are
responsible for fire out break. A lighted match stick,
cigarette end carelessly thrown on any combusting material .
Kitchen:- Most sensible area to get fire in hotel. Kitchen
staff should take extra care while preparing food. In kitchen
because of carelessness oil fire and gas fire can take place.
Electrical Panel Room: No material to be stored in electrical
panel room. Small short circuit will be converted into big
fire.
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FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE = Fire Inform Response Evacuate
Fire is a good servant but bad master. So we must always
keep fire under our control. And not allow fire to be our
master.
Fire is a serious danger to hotel buildings. Fire occurs
usually because of negligence of any person who carelessly
throws match sticks, cigarettes end or careless storage /
handling of inflammable material.
Calamities never come with a notice .
If there has been no fire for long it means that the time for a
fire break –out come near.
If we prevent fire , the loss we going to suffer on account of
fire that would be our gain.
Prevention is better than cure . So we should pre-plan our
fire prevention and fire fighting program
