2. HASAW
HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK
Introduction
HSC & HSE
Duties under the Act
Enforcing authorities and agencies, and inspectors
Improvement and prohibition notices
Offences, penalties and prosecutions
Regulations and Approved Codes of Practice Regulations
3. HASAW
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES OF THE ACT
Securing the health, safety and welfare of people at work (HS&W)
Protecting peoples at work against risks to heir H&S arising of work activities
Controlling the keeping and use of dangerous substances /materials, and their
preventive use
Controlling emission into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive substances
To provide for criminal offences and punishment. Reporting injuries, diseases
& dangerous occurrences (1995) within 10 days to HSE ( can be fined).
To help people at work understand what the Act does and how it affects them
To assist employers, safety representatives, members of safety committees,
supervisors and managers, the self-employed, and members of the public
4. HASAW
INTRODUCTION
HASAW HAVE FOUR PARTS
PART I– contains the most important provisions for people at work
PART II- contains provisions concerned with the Employment Medical
Advisory Service (EMAS)
PART III- it has been repealed (Building)
PART IV- concerned with the geographical scope of the Act
HAWAW came into effect on 1974 (HSC) and 1975 (HSE & EMAS) to establishment
and functions of different areas.
HSC (Health and Safety Commission) and HSE (Health and safety executive) to
promote the objectives of the Act and to ensure its provisions are implemented.
HSC/E aim to keep guidance up to date, because as technologies change.
Their aims are to protect the HS&W of employees, and to safeguard
others, principally the public, who may be exposed to risks from industrial activity
5. HASAW
THE HEALTH AND SAFETY COMMISSION AND HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE
HSC HEALTH AND SAFETY COMMISSION: Consists of a group area
appointed by Secretary of State of Employment.
Duties
Promoting the objectives of Act.
Carrying out and encouraging research and training
Providing an information and advisory service, and putting forward
Appove Code of Practice (ACoP) and to make proposals for
regulations
HSE HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE- an inspectorate- Provides advice
and guidance on health and safety matters. Members who are appointed by HSC
with Secretary of State
Duties
Making arrangements for enforcement of the legislation
Carrying out any of the Commissio’s functions
Inspectorates based in the field, and they are supportd by technicals
specialist and by a Research Division.
Inquiries and investigations and notices requiring information
6. HASAW
DUTIES UNDER THE ACT
So far as is reasonably practicable: means that the degree of
risk in a particular activity or environment can be balanced against
the time, trouble, cost and physical difficulty of taking measures to
avoid the risk
So far as is practicable: implies a stricter standard.
Best practicale means: can vary depending on its context and the
courts to give a definitive ruling. To prevent a breach of the law
The Act place general duties on all people at work, that is.
Employers, employees ,self-employed
Manufacturesrs, suppliers, designers, and importers of materials at work;
And people in control of premises
7. HASAW
DUTIES EMPLOYERS
DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS to their employees
To ensure HS&W at work of all their employees. (contractors included)
Provide and maintain equipment and systems of work (the way in which the
work is organised) are safe and without risk to health
The materials are properly transported, stored, safe handling(handled), used
Provide information, instruction, training and supervison to all their employees
Work places are safe and withour risk to health inluding safe means of access
and egress
Environment- DUST, FUME, NOISE, SMELLS & WASTE
heating, lighting, ventilation (minimum working temp 15C or 65F) and noise
Provide protective clothing/equipment free of charge PPE
Provide first aid facilities
Keep records of accidentes & injuries
Prepares a health & safety policy and risk assessment
8. HASAW
DUTIES EMPLOYERS
SAFETY POLICES/RISK ASSESSMENT (+5 persons)
Objetives- improving H&S at work, and increase employees
awareness of H&S and look after H&S of others, for
example, members of the public
To prepare a written statement of their safety police
Organisation- means people and their responsibility
Arrangements -means systems and procedures
Keep ut to date- working conditions are changing
Talk to safety representatives
Safety representatives and safety committees
To repesent the employees in consultations with their employer about
H&S matters.
2 representatives- to set up a safety committee
9. HASAW
DUTIES EMPLOYERS
RISK ASSESSMENTS:
Systematic examination of all working procedures & hazards identified.
After this is carried out the findings need to be recorded.
The assessment should at minimum ensure that:
All hazards in the workplace have been identified.
The persons, whom may be affected, identified.
A procedure put into place for evaluating & managing the findings.
Records kept of significant findings.
Reviews of procedures where significant changes have occurred.
The inclusion of other regulations as appropriate.
The most important thing to decide on is whether a hazard is
significant & if so all precautions have been covered.
10. HASAW
DUTIES EMPLOYERS
HAZARD is …
Anything that cause harm to persons
Slips & Trips Working at Height Moving Plant
Fire Falling Materials Noise
Hazardous Substances Manual Handling Fumes
Moving Parts of Machinery Electricity Environmental Conditions
RISK is …
Risk is the chance that somebody will be harmed by the hazard.
This will determine what actions are required to reduce the risk.
Have all things been done as the law requires.
If your findings are that something is required, draw up a list & give priority
to the remaining risks.
11. HASAW
DUTIES EMPLOYERS
In taking action, ask if the risk be controlled and can the hazard be removed
In controlling risks, the possible principles apply:
Try a less risky option
Prevent access to the hazard
Organize personnel & work to reduce exposure to the hazard
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be issued & worn
Welfare facilities must be provided
Record all Findings
Risk assessments must be suitable & sufficient & must show that all proper
checks have been made and who might be affected
Have all the obvious hazards been dealt with & account taken on the number
of people that could be exposed to the hazard
All precautions are reasonable & the remaining risk is low.
A written record must be kept on file for future reference
12. HASAW
DUTIES EMPLOYEES
EMPLOYEES RESPONSABILITIES- Employees may be liable.
Take care of their own and others persons for H&S
Co-operate with their employers.
To understand the hazards in the workplace
To comply with safety rules and procedures
Must not interfere with anything provided in the interest of health and safety.
YOUR ROLE IN SAFETY
Participate in safety training
Report hazards, incidents, and near-misses
Ask for help
Company uses incentives and discipline to promote safety
PPE (Personal protective equipment)
Wear required PPE
Wear PPE in required areas, even if only passing through
Inspect PPE
Get a good fit
Maintain PPE properly
Store PPE properly
13. HASAW
DUTIES OF DESIGNERS, MANUFACTURERS, IMPORTERS, SUPPLIERS AND
INSTALLERS
Articles and substances ARE SAFE AND WITHOUT RISK TO HEATH (S&wRH)
Adequate information must be provided
ARTICLES
The articles of equipment are designed and constructed to be S&wRH when
. being set, used, cleaned or maintained
Testing and examination to ensure safe designed and construction
Provided information
SUBSTANCES
S&wRH when used, handled, processed, stored or transported
Testing and examination to ensure D&C
Provided information
IMPORTERS AND SUPPLIERS HAVE THE SAME DUTIES AS THE
MANUFACTURES
14. HASAW
ENFORCING AUTHORITIES AND AGENCIES, AND
INSPECTORS
Employers must inform their employees of the enforcing authority for their premises
HSE & HSC & Local Authorities & Agency authorities
has to enforce the legislation
INSPECTORS and their powers:
They can take any other person authorises such specialist and equipment needed
They can interview and take written statements from anyone
They can stop an activity if it is danger of serious personal injury.
Disclosure of information: to employees in the interest of HS ore Welfare
INSPECTIONS can be split up into areas of responsibility or different functional areas i.e:
EXTERNAL, car parking, loading areas.
INTERNAL, house keeping, welfare.
WORK AREAS, cleanliness, ergonomics,
MACHINERY, cleaning, maintenance (electrical and mechanical).
OFFICES cleanliness, ergonomics of work stations
PROCEEDURES, risk assessments, supervision, training and information
15. HASAW
IMPROVEMENT AND PROHIBITION NOTICES
The use of notices to require people to take action to improve standards or to prevent
accidents.
Types of notice PROHIBITION and IMPROVEMENT
IMPROVEMENT when safety legislations is being contravened. Inspectors must
specify the legal requirements which they think are being broken and give
reasons (21 days)
PROHIBITION- when the inspector considers that there is a risks of serious
personal injury. The stop the work activity imminent or in a certain specified time
or sometimes they can extend the time limit
SERVICE OF NOTICES
They are usually given personally and on the spot by the inspector to the person
concerned (employer/manager/employees have been involved)
16. HASAW
OFFENCES, PENALTIES AND PROSECUTIONS
Failing to comply with duties (employers, employees, the self-employed, people in
control of premises, manufactures)
Failing to comply with any requirementes imposed by Regulations
Obstructions or failing to comply with any requirements imposed by inspectors
Failing to comply with an improvement or prohibition notice
Failing to supply information as required by a notice issued by the HSC
Failing to comply with a court order to remedy the cause of an offence
SUMMARY CONVICTION
£2.000 or £100 per day
£20.000 and 6 months imprisonment for breaches of imprisonment
or prohibition notices
£20.000-5.000 for breaches of some sections sections of HSWA,
subordinate regulations
No limit on the fine in the higher courts
17. HASAW
REGULATIONS AND APPROVED CODE OF PRACTICE
The aim is to bring all H&S requirements
GUIDANCE
HSE publishes guidance on a range of subjects
Can be specific to the H&S problems of an industry or of a particular process
The main purposes:
To interpret- helping people to understand what the law says
To help people comply with the law
To give technical advice
They are not compulsory and employers are free to take other action to comply with the law.
ACoP (Approved Codes of Practice)
Offer practical examples of good practice
They give advice on how to comply with the law
How to comply with the general duties or Regulations migh be achieved
REGULATIONS
They are law, approved by Parliament
They identify these risks and set out specific action that must be taken
18. HASAW
REGULATIONS
The following apply across the full range of workplaces:
H&SM- Health and Safety Management at Work Regulations
Workplace (HS&W) Regulation
Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulation
Personal Protective Equipment at work
PUWER – Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations
H&S First-Aid
H&S fire precautions
H&S Information for Employees Regulations
Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance)
COSHH- Control over Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
Harmonisation of Noise Emission Standards
Electricity at Work Regulations
Specific regulations cover particular areas:
Safety signs and signals
Control of Industrial Air Pollution
Control of Asbestos at Work
Manual Handling of Load
19. HASAW
FIRST AID
Employer must have enough qualified first aiders
First aiders training & qualifications approved by HSE
FIRST AID KITS: check contents also ensure that there are not
prohibited items
SAFETY AND EMERGENCY PRODEDURES-FIRE PRECAUTIONS
Maintenance/checks Fire appliances
Fire Drills/Training
Fire detection and alarms, maintenance
Training in H&S
All entrances&exist
Location & use of fire alarm
Location of fire fighting equipment
Fire drill & assambly points
Method of checking building empty
Location of first aid box & first aiders
Hot to fit/handle materials correctly
20. HASAW
Evacuation Threats Evacuation Procedures
Bomb threats Recognize evacuation signal
Fire Listen for instructions
Gas leaks Shut down equipment
Toxic fumes Follow nearest safe exit route
Flodd Proceed to assembly area
Risk of explosion
Blackouts
Fire Procedures
Raise alarm Are fire escapes and escape routes clearly marked
Exit building Lighting
Report to assembly point Not blocked
Do not re-enter building Not locked
Do not collect valuables Easy to operate
Dial 000 ask for Fire Service
Give full address of premises.
21. HASAW
SAFETY CULTURE GENERAL SAFETY RULES
Work Environment Obey all warning signs
Training Follow all safety procedures
Team Working Do not take shortcuts
Awareness Do not engage in horseplay
Good Supervision Use common sense
Accident Reporting
THANK YOU
