Arkadwaya Ashwagandha- Ashoka
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Lecture notes for BAMS students
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Arkadwaya Ashwagandha- Ashoka
- 1. Arkadwaya- Ashwagandha- Ashoka MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR BAMS STUDENTS
- 2. Arka • Calotropis gigantea • Asclepiadaceae • Synonyms- Alarka, Mandara, Sadaapushpa , Tulaphala, Ksharaparna, Asphota GANAS Charaka- Bhedaneeya, Vamanopaga, swedopaga Susrutha- Arkadi, Adhobhagahara Vagbhata - Arkadi
- 3. Varieties • Arka and Rajarka – Dhanwanthari nighantu • Raktaarka and Shwethaarka- Sodhala nighantu • Arka and Rajaarka – Kayyadeva nighantu • Shwethaarka and Raktaarka – Bhavaprakasha • Raja nighantu – Arka, Rajaarka,Suklaarka, Shwetha mandaraka Shwethaarka – Calotropis gigantea Raktaarka – Calotropis procera
- 4. Morphology of C gigantea • Shrub up to 3 meters high • The shoots are young and inflorescence and under side of leaves are covered with soft wooly tomentum • Leaves are 10-15cms long, sessile or subsessile • Flowers – tinted in umbellate lateral cymes , purplish lilac or white • Fruits- Follicles
- 6. Useful part • Root , bark, latex • Chemical constituents- • C. gigantae- Laurane, saccharose, beta amyrin,alpha and beta calotropeols , calactin, calotoxin, calotropin , gigantin etc • C. procera – Alpha and beta amyrin, calactin, proceroside, calotropin, calotropain etc
- 7. Guna karma vijnana • Rasa – Katu tikta • Guna- Laghu, rooksha, theekshna • Veerya- Ushna • Vipaka- Katu • BK, DK and RK- write yourself
- 9. • Dosage – Root bark powder- 0.5-1 gm • Flower powder- 1-3 gms • Yogas- Arka taila, Arka vati, Arka lavana etc
- 10. Ashwagandha • Withania somnifera • Solanaceae • Synonyms- Gatrakari, Turagi, Pivari, Balya,Vajikari, Vajigandha, Hayagandha GANAS Charaka – Balya, brimhana , madhura skandha Susrutha and Vagbhata – not mentioned in any ganas
- 11. Morphology • An erect branching undershrub reaching about 150cms in height clothed with tomentum • Leaves- Ovate upto 10cms long • Flowers- Greenish or lurid yellow in axillary fasicles • Fruits- Globose berries which are orange coloured when mature • Fleshy roots are dry and cylindrical ta[pering down with a brownish white surface and pure white inside when broken
- 13. Useful part • Root • Chemical constituents- Withaferin A,Withanone, Withanolide , Somnirol, Somnitol, Withasomniferin A, Tropin, Withasomin etc
- 15. Guna karma vijnana • Rasa – Katu , tikta, kashaya • Guna- Laghu, snigdha • Veerya- Ushna • Vipaka – Katu • BK, DK, RK- Write yourself • Dosage – Powder 3-6 gms • Yoga – Ashwagandhaarishta, Ashwagandhaavaleha etc
- 16. Asoka • Saraka asoka • Caesalpinoideae • Synonyms- Kankeli, Madhupushpa,Rakta pallava, Vanjulah, Hemapushpa, Gatashoka GANAS Charaka – Kashaya skandha, vedanaasthapana Susrutha- Rodhradi Vagbhata – Rodhradi
- 17. Morphology • Small evergreen tree , about 9 meters in height • Bark – with warty surface , dark brown to grey, almost black • Leaves are paripinnate, 15-20cms long , 6-12 leaflets , oblong or oblong lanceolate • Flowers- in dense axillary corymbs fragnant, orange • Fruits- Oblong flat woody pods • Seeds- Ellipsoid, oblong compressed seeds
- 19. Useful part • Stem bark • Chemical consttituents-Alkanes, esters and primary alcohol,tannin, catechin , catechol, epicatechin • Adulterant – Bark of Polyathia longifolia
- 20. Gunakarma vijnana Rasa – Kashaya tikta Guna-Laghu, rooksha Veerya- Sita Vipaka- Katu BK, DK and RK – Write yourself
- 21. Guna karma vijnana • Rasa – Kashaya tikta • Guna-Laghu, rooksha • Veerya- Sita • Vipaka- Katu • BK, DK and RK – Write yourself
- 22. Dosage Kwatha – 50-100 ml Important yoga- Ashoka kwatha, Asoka ghrita