The document provides information on a report presented by a group of students to their professor. It includes an introduction to the topic of report writing and prospectuses/offer documents. It also includes the names and roll numbers of the group members, as well as an acknowledgement thanking the professor for his guidance. The table of contents outlines the various sections covered in the report.

1. CHETANA’S HAZARIMAL SOMANI
COLLEGE OF
COMM & ECO. & SMT. KUSUMTAI
CHAUDHARI COLLEGE OF
ARTS
Group No:-09
Presented By: FYBFM
Presented To: Prof. Shivaprasad
Topic : Report Writing & Prospectus/ Offer Document
30

2. GROUP MEMBERS
NAMES ROLL NO.
AKSHAY VIRKAR 148
KANISHA PATIL 128
SHWETA AMIN 101
TEJAL GAJARE 109
ALOK TRIPATHI 145
SEEMA KALBURGI 119
30

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report was made with the help of Prof.Shivaprasad he guided
us very well. He provided us with basic information to make report.
We are thanking him that he gave us valuable time to make this
report.
30

4. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No. Topic Page No.
1. Introduction of report writing 5
2. Types of report 7
3. Structure of report 9
4. Planning of report 13
5. Features of report writing 15
6. Common mistakes in report writing 20
7. Introduction of prospectus 22
8 Structure of prospectus 21
9 Importance of report writing 28
10 Conclusion 29
30

5. INTRODUCTION OF REPORT WRITING
A report can be defined as a testimonial or account of
some happening. It is purely based on observation and analysis.
A report gives an explanation of any circumstance. In today’s
corporate world, reports play a crucial role. They are a strong base
for planning and control in an organization, i.e., reports give
information which can be utilized by the management team in an
organization for making plans and for solving complex issues in the
organization.
A report discusses a particular problem in detail. It brings significant
and reliable information to the limelight of top management in an
organization. Hence, on the basis of such information, the
management can make strong decisions. Reports are required for
judging the performances of various departments in an organization.
30

6. An effective report can be written going through
the following steps-
1. Determine the objective of the report, i.e., identify the problem.
2. Collect the required material (facts) for the report.
3. Study and examine the facts gathered.
4. Plan the facts for the report.
5. Prepare an outline for the report, i.e., draft the report.
6. Edit the drafted report.
7. Distribute the draft report to the advisory team and ask for
feedback and recommendations.
30

7. TYPES OF REPORTS
Research report:
This is probably the most widely spread type of report writing. A research
report is the account on a research work carried out with a specific
purpose. In a research report, you should present the background of the
research, its findings, theoretical implications and practical applications
of the result your research provides.
Business report:
In business milieu, Business report writing happens to be an
indispensable part of the communication process. Executive summary is
written in a non-technical manner. By and large, audience for business
reports will consist of upper level manager, for that reason you should
take the audience needs in consideration. Go on with the introduction to
articulate the problem and determine the scope of the research. To attain
the desired results, don’t fail to state about the precise quantitative tools.
30

8. Scientific reports:
Finally, the scientific type of report writing is similar to the research one.
The major difference is that scientific reports are written by students
taking science courses, while research reports dominate in humanities. A
scientific report, similarly to the research one, is an account of an
investigation a person, or a group of people, carried out, trying to answer
their questions. Such a paper should contain not only the details and
findings of the research, but also the implications of the findings and their
potential implementations.
30

9. Report structure
What follows is a generic structure for reports. Using this structure will
help to give your report the correct level of formality; it will also help to
ensure that you do not leave out anything important. However, the actual
structure required by your discipline may not be exactly what is
represented here - you should check with your lecturer.
A report should generally include the following sections.
(Sections marked with an asterisk (*) are essential: others are optional
depending on the type, length and purpose of the report.)
Title page
This must contain:
• the report title which clearly states the purpose of the report
• full details of the person(s) for whom the report was prepared
• full details of the person(s) who prepared the report
• the date of the presentation of the report
Table of Contents
(Usually only if the report is longer than, say, ten pages)
This is a list of the headings and appendices of the report. Depending on
the complexity and length of the report, you could list tables, figures and
30

10. appendices separately. Make sure the correct page numbers are shown
opposite the contents.
Abbreviations and/or glossary
If necessary, you should provide an alphabetical list of the abbreviations
you have used in the report, especially if they may not be familiar to all
readers of the report.
If you have used a lot of technical terms, you should also provide a
glossary (an alphabetical list of the terms, with brief explanations of their
meanings).
Acknowledgements (if appropriate)
This is a short paragraph thanking any person or organisation which
gave you help in collecting data or preparing the report.
Abstract (Summary or Executive Summary)
An abstract is quite different from an introduction. It is a summary of the
report, in which you include one sentence (or so) for every main section
of your report. For example, you can include:
• the context of the research
• the purpose of the report
• the major findings (you may need several sentences here)
• the conclusions
30

11. • the main recommendations
Write the abstract after you have written the report.
Introduction
• Give enough background information to provide a context for
the report.
• State the purpose of the report.
• Clarify key terms and indicate the scope of the report (.i.e.
what the report will cover).
Body
The content of the body depends on the purpose of the report, and
whether it is a report of primary or secondary research.
A report of primary research (based on your own observations and
experiments) would include:
• Literature review (what other people have written about this
topic. See our webpage for hints on writing a literature review).
The literature review should lead towards your research
question.
• Method (summaries what you did and why). Use the past
tense.
30

12. • Findings or results (describes what you discovered, observed,
etc, in your observations and experiments). Use the past
tense.
• Discussion (discusses and explains your findings and relates
them to previous research). Use the present tense to make
generalizations.
A report of secondary research (based on reading only) would include:
• Information organized under appropriate topics with sub-
headings. It is unlikely that your report will discuss each
source separately. You need to synthesis material from
different sources under topic headings.
• Analysis/discussion of the sources you are reporting.
Conclusion
Sum up the main points of the report. The conclusion should clearly
relate to the objectives of your report. No surprises please! (.i.e., don’t
include new information here.)
Bibliography
Using references for the information.
30

13. Planning of report
As in all writing assignments, it's crucial to analyse the task carefully.
• Who is the report for?
• Why do they want it?
• What do they need to know?
Then start planning:
Think about structure and format
• Check your guidelines!
• Have you been given a suggested structure or format?
• Think how to present your information most clearly.
Plan the writing process
• Think about what you already know.
• Brainstorm. Jot down notes or make a mind map.
• How will you find the information you need?
• Make a time plan allowing for each preparation and writing
stage. Reports usually have important deadlines!
30

14. Organise your information
• Consider the sources you will need.
• Decide which key information should go in which section.
• Organise your information as you go along.
• Note your references as you go along.
30

15. FEATURES OF REPORT WRITING
1. Good Report has Clarity of Thought
A good report is one which is drafted in a simple, clear and lucid
language. Its language should not be difficult and confusing. There
should be no ambiguity as regards the statements made in the
report. A reader should be able to understand the entire report
easily, exactly and quickly. In fact, this is the basic purpose of report
writing.
2. Good Report is complete and Self-explanatory
A good report is always a complete and self-explanatory document.
For this, repetition of facts, figures, information, conclusions and
recommendation should be avoided. Report writing should be
always complete and self-explanatory. It should give complete
information to the readers in a precise manner.
3. Good Report is Comprehensive but Compact
A lengthy report is not necessarily a good report. In fact, report
should be a brief and compact document. At the same time, it
should give complete picture of the problem under investigation. In
this sense the report writing should be comprehensive but compact.
30

16. 4. Good Report is Accurate in all Aspects
One more feature of a good report is that it should be correct in all
aspects. The data given and statements made in the report must be
based on facts and must be verified carefully. Report writing is a
responsible job as report is used as a reliable document for taking
decisions and framing policies. Thus, report writing should be always
accurate, factual and reliable.
5. Good Report has Suitable Format for readers
A good report needs proper format. It should be convenient to the
type of the report. The report should have all essential components
such as title, introduction, findings and recommendations. This gives
convenience to the reader.
6. Good Report Support Facts and is Factual
A good report is always factual. The findings, conclusions and
recommendations included in the report should be supported by
information and data collected from reliable sources. Statistical
tables should support statements made in the report. Attention
needs to be given to this reliability aspect in report writing.
30

17. 7. Good Report has an Impersonal Style
A good report should be drafted in an impersonal manner. The
report writing should be in third person. This is necessary as the
report is prepared for the benefits of a person who needs it and not
for the benefit of the person who prepares it.
8. Good Report has a Proper Date and Signature
A good report should be properly dated and signed by the
concerned authority or by the chairman of the committee or by all
committee members. This has legal significance and needs special
attention in report writing.
9. Good Report has a Reference to Relevant Details
In effective report writing, reference to relevant details is necessary.
A good report should cover all relevant details for the methodology
used,
Questionnaire prepared for data collection and the procedure
followed by the committee.
30

18. 10. Good Report follows an Impartial Approach
A good report is always fact finding and not fault finding. It should be
prepared in an impartial manner. The writers of the report should be
impartial in their outlook and approach. In other words, there should
be objectivity in report writing. Emotions, sentiments, personal views
etc. should be kept away while drafting a report. The approach of
report writer should be broad based, positive and constructive. He
should be neutral and self effecting in his reports writing.
11. Good Report has all Essential Technical Details
In a good report writing attention should be given to certain essential
technical details. For example, the pages and paragraphs of the
report should be numbered properly. Marginal heading and titles
should be given. This gives convenience to readers.
12. Good Report is presented in a Lucid Style
A good report is one which is presented in a lucid style. It needs
logical and systematic arrangement of different parts. It should be
easily and clearly understandable by all those for whom it is meant.
A good report should create interest among readers because of its
lucid and convincing style. Clear thinking, objective tone and logical
arrangement of thoughts make the report simple and lucid.
30

19. 13. Good Report is a Reliable Document
The data collection, analysis and interpretation of the data,
conclusions drawn and recommendations made in the report should
be accurate so as to make the whole report reliable and dependable
for future reference and also for policy decisions. This, reliability is
one important aspect of effective report writing.
14. Good Report is arranged in a Logical Manner
The different parts of the report should be arranged in a logical order
so as to make it an integrated document. Proper planning is
essential while drafting report. Attention to format of a report is a
must in effective report writing.
30

20. Common Mistakes in Report Writing
Quite a lot of times, we observe some common mistakes in report
writing when we go through someone else’s report but very often
lose track of them when we sit to write our own report.
Report writing is a skill which can be indoctrinated and learned
through experience. These are the errors which probably we all
know but they become inevitable since we cannot recall them at the
right time when it is required the most.
1.Boring
The report should be written keeping the background of the target
audience in mind. Abrupt deviations from the objective can make
report lifeless to the target audience. There are instances where the
flow of the topic or subsequent pages or slides is not in sync; this
also makes report boring. The overall outline should be drawn in a
way before hand so that all chips fit in well and moves towards the
objective of the report writing.
2.Errors
Be cautious about spelling and grammatical errors. They are the two
important focus points while writing a report. Wrong spelling and
improper use of tense can cause severe damage to the overall value
and impact of a report. A report with misspellings and mixed tenses
gives an impression of an immature report writer. Any proper
30

21. documentation requires correct and complete sentence with proper
words and tenses.
3.Language
In order to explain the subject, a writer sometimes uses complex
long sentences with too many clauses or keeps the sentence
incomplete. Sometime, as a result of this, the reader will either fail to
identify the relevant points or not understand the subject at all. The
language used in a report should be lucid.
While writing a report, a writer should also take care of the
nonfigurative terminologies, idioms, abbreviations and technical
words. At any given point of time this is should be kept in mind that
report is to make viewer or reader comfortable with the findings
rather to confuse the reader concerned.
4.Lengthy
The target audience will generally have essential understanding of
the matter or have some basic understanding of the subject. In such
cases it is not required for a writer to overemphasize a specific topic
at length. The audiences would be more concerned with the facts
and findings and they would look for data and analysis part of the
report. Their focus will be more on the inferences, conclusions and
on the probable solution suggested if any. A writer should keep a
report topic, very specific, relevant and crisp.
30

22. Prospectus
A formal legal document, which is required by and filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission that provides details about an
investment offering for sale to the public. A prospectus should
contain the facts that an investor needs to make an informed
investment decision.
In finance, a prospectus is a document that describes a financial
security for potential buyers. A prospectus commonly provides
investors with material information about mutual funds, stocks,
bonds and other investments, such as a description of the
company's business, financial statements, biographies of officers
and directors, detailed information about their compensation, any
litigation that is taking place, a list of material properties and any
other material information. In the context of an individual securities
offering, such as an initial public offering, a prospectus is distributed
by underwriters or brokerages to potential investors.
30

23. Guide to understand an Offer Document
This sub‐section attempts to inform the structure of presentation of
the content in an offer document. The basic objective is to help the
reader to navigate through the content of an offer document.
1. Cover Page
Under this head full contact details of the Issuer Company, lead
managers and registrars, the nature, number, price and amount of
instruments offered and issue size, and the particulars regarding
listing. Other details such as Credit Rating, IPO Grading, risks in
relation to the first issue, etc are also disclosed if applicable.
2. Risk Factors
Under this head the management of the issuer company gives its
view on the Internal and external risks envisaged by the company
and the proposals, if any, to address such risks. The company also
makes a note on the forward looking statements. This information is
disclosed in the initial pages of the document and also in the
abridged prospectus. It is generally advised that the investors should
30

24. go through all the risk factors of the company before making an
investment decision.
3. Introduction
Under this head a summary of the industry in which the issuer
company operates, the business of the Issuer Company, offering
details in brief, summary of consolidated financial statements and
other data relating to general information about the company, the
merchant bankers and their responsibilities, the details of
brokers/syndicate members to the Issue, credit rating (in case of
debt issue), debenture trustees (in case of debt issue), monitoring
agency, book building process in brief, IPO Grading in case of First
Issue of Equity capital and details of underwriting Agreements are
given. Important details of capital structure, objects of the offering,
funds requirement, funding plan, schedule of implementation, funds
deployed, sources of financing of funds already deployed, sources
of financing for the balance fund requirement, interim use of funds,
basic terms of issue, basis for issue price, tax benefits are also
covered.
30

25. 4. About us
Under this head a review of the details of business of the company,
business strategy, competitive strengths, insurance, industry‐
regulation (if applicable), history and corporate structure, main
objects, subsidiary details, management and board of directors,
compensation, corporate governance, related party transactions,
exchange rates, currency of presentation and dividend policy are
given.
5. Financial Statements
Under this head financial statement and restatement as per the
requirement of the Guidelines and differences between any other
accounting policies and the Indian Accounting Policies (if the
Company has presented its Financial Statements also.
6. Legal and other information
Under this head outstanding litigations and material developments,
litigations involving the company, the promoters of the company, its
subsidiaries, and group companies are disclosed. Also material
developments since the last balance sheet date, government
30

26. approvals/licensing arrangements, investment approvals (FIPB/RBI
etc.), technical approvals, and indebtedness, etc. are disclosed.
7. Other regulatory and statutory disclosures
Under this head, authority for the Issue, prohibition by SEBI,
eligibility of the company to enter the capital market, disclaimer
statement by the issuer and the lead manager, disclaimer in respect
of jurisdiction, distribution of information to investors, disclaimer
clause of the stock exchanges, listing, impersonation, minimum
subscription, letters of allotment or refund orders, consents, expert
opinion, changes in the auditors in the last 3 years, expenses of the
issue, fees payable to the intermediaries involved in the issue
process, details of all the previous issues, all outstanding
instruments, commission and brokerage on, previous issues,
capitalization of reserves or profits, option to subscribe in the issue,
purchase of property, revaluation of assets, classes of shares, stock
market data for equity shares of the company, promise vis‐à‐vis
performance in the past issues and mechanism for redressal of
investor grievances is disclosed.
30

27. 8. Offering information
Under this head Terms of the Issue, ranking of equity shares, mode
of payment of dividend, face value and issue price, rights of the
equity shareholder, market lot, nomination facility to investor, issue
procedure, book building procedure in details along with the process
of making an application, signing of underwriting agreement and
filing of prospectus with SEBI/ROC, announcement of statutory
advertisement, issuance of confirmation of allocation note("can") and
allotment in the issue, designated date, general instructions,
instructions for completing the bid form, payment instructions,
submission of bid form, other instructions, disposal of application
and application moneys, , interest on refund of excess bid amount,
basis of allotment or allocation, method of proportionate allotment,
dispatch of refund orders, communications, undertaking by the
company, utilization of issue proceeds, restrictions on foreign
ownership of Indian securities, are disclosed.
30

28. Importance of Report Writing
The benefits and report writing importance can be understood
through the analysis of basic business reports features and
characteristics.
• Communicative values. Report writing importance can be
expressed through communication of the report writer to the
readers through business concepts and company’s strategies.
• Statistical analysis. Most business reports are dedicated to the
analysis of statistical data related to marketing development or
supply and demand balance. One can stress the report writing
importance through its contribution to marketing management
researches making.
• Recommendations. Business reports can be dedicated to the
description of company’s perspectives and recommendations.
The success of future business planning can be reached
through centralization of report writing importance.
The importance of report writing can be understood only by
evaluation the usefulness of paper writing in business organizations.
In most firms the employees are to report the managers about the
amount of work they made in relation to provided plan. This gives an
opportunity to analyze staff work and time spent for its fulfillment.
Report writing importance is stressed not only in business, but in
economics and politics.
30

29. CONCLUSION
Reports in written form are useful for future reference. Reports
provide adequate and correct information as well as statistical data
to management and helps in decision making .a report provides
information of unknown facts i.e. new ideas new vision new solution
to problem new research about a particular matter. A report provides
valuable information of all sectors in the business hence report are
useful for solving the problem of various department. Report acts as
an important and effective internal tool of communication.
30

30. Reference
www.australia.edu.in
www.invespedia.com
www.hss.iitb.ac.in
www.managementstudyguide.com
30