Integrating and alignment of policy commitments: Lessons from an assessment of country NAIPs
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Integrating and alignment of policy commitments: Lessons from an assessment of country NAIPs Sheryl Hendriks, Moraka Makhura, Nic Olivier, Nokuthula Vilakazi and Nosipho Mabuza, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Integrating and alignment of policy commitments: Lessons from an assessment of country NAIPs
- 1. Title goes here Integrating and alignment of policy commitments: Lessons from an assessment of country NAIPs Sheryl Hendriks, Moraka Makhura, Nic Olivier, Nokuthula Vilakazi and Nosipho Mabuza, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- 2. Introduction and Overview • A deeper understanding of: i. Trends in policy and programme change ii. The scope and extent of the translation of international policy into national policies and programmes with regard to food security and nutrition into performance mechanisms iii. Institutional changes to accommodate the policy changes and the increasing need coordination among sectors and stakeholders.
- 3. The NAIPs as vehicles for domesticating Malabo • Performance Themes 1. Commitment to the CAADP process 2. Investment finance in agriculture 3. Ending hunger 4. Eradicating poverty through agriculture 5. Intra-African trade in agricultural commodities and services 6. Resilience to climate variability 7. Mutual accountability.
- 4. Algeria Angola Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros B DR Congo Djibouti Egypt EG Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire Guinea-Bissau Kenya L Libya Mali Mauritania Namibia Niger Nigeria R São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Sierra Leone South Africa South Sudan Sudan E Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe B=Burundi EG=Equatorial Guinea L=Lesotho R=Rwanda E -= Eswathini Indicators, institutional architecture and policy change Institutional architecture and policies Seychelles
- 5. Overview of session • Overview of the insights, lessons learnt and innovations with regard to NAIP indicator sets related to i. CAADP Commitments, Mutual Accountability and Investment in Agriculture ii. Ending hunger iii. Poverty iv. Intra-African Trade and Resilience to Climate Change
- 6. Title goes here Overview of the insights, lessons learnt and innovations with regard to NAIP indicator sets related to CAADP commitments, mutual accountability and investment in agriculture
- 7. Theme 1: Commitment to the CAADP process 47% 48% 100% 50% 36% 100% 57% 53% 52% 50% 64% 43% Togo Nigeria Niger Malawi Liberia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Cote d'Ivoire Burkina Faso Benin CAADP based cooperation, partnership and alliance CAADP –based policy and institutional review
- 8. Key Findings • Niger had the most indicators under this component. • No indicators pertaining country CAADP process. • Mixed commitment to CAADP: Niger & Togo • Countries aligned with Agenda 2063 Goal 12 (Capable institutions)
- 9. Innovations and idea for improvement • Niger and Togo monitor the number of policy and programme reforms implemented. • Malawi included coordination of services at all levels. • Guinea-Bissau had indicators on the existence of inter-ministerial committee for oversight.
- 10. Theme 2: Investment finance in agriculture 36% 11% 75% 91% 25% 8% 75% 38% 38% 8% 1 21% 25% 6% 11% 33% 25% 31% 25% 13% 11% 33% 25% 31% 25% 13% 43% 67% 25% 33% 100% 9% 25% 23% 13% 31% Togo Nigeria Niger Malawi Liberia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Cote d'Ivoire Burkina Faso Benin Total Public exp/AgGDP Foreign Private Public exp/total exp. Domestic Private Investment Access to finance ODA
- 11. Key Findings • Most focus was on Public expenditure/total expenditure and Access to finance. • No differentiation between domestic and foreign private investment. • Only Burkina Faso and Togo included ODA indicators. • Only Cote d’Ivoire included indicators on public expenditure/agriculture GDP. • Few aligned with Agenda 2063 Goal 20: Africa financing her development
- 12. Innovations and idea for improvement • Liberia included innovative agro-financing indicators. • Benin, Burkina Faso, Malawi and Togo included execution rate of the budget. • Benin included capacity to spend. • Togo included time for awarding contracts.
- 13. Theme 7: Mutual accountability 67% 43% 50% 20% 29% 50% 100 22% 50% 41% 33% 57% 50% 60% 71% 50% 56% 50% 52% 20% 22% 7 Togo Nigeria Niger Malawi Liberia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Cote d' Ivoire Burkina Faso Benin Total Index capacity to generate and use ASCI Institutionalised mechanism for mutual accountability Biennial Report submission
- 14. Key findings • It had the lowest number of indicators (5%). • Countries generally ready for ASCI & inclusive mechanism. • Few indicators focusing on quality reporting for the BR. • Most indicators relate to the rate of execution of projects and programmes. • This component aligns with SDG 17 and Agenda 2063, goal 3.12.2.
- 15. Innovations and ideas for improvement • Togo included an indicator for agricultural census report. • Burkina Faso, Benin, Guinea-Bissau included number of joint sector reviews. • Liberia included indicators on quality of the country management team. • Improvement is needed to align this section with the Malabo objectives.
- 16. Title goes here Overview of the insights, lessons learnt and innovations with regard to NAIP indicator sets related to ending hunger
- 17. Theme 3: Ending hunger 82% 50% 67% 29% 46% 50% 18% 36% 65% 20% 56% 10% 8% 19% 13% 42% 18% 32% 29% 40% 18% 3% 5% 5% 24% 4% 2 9% 14% 10% 6% 3% 8% 2 9% 9% 4% 12% 35% 12% 29% 38% 4% 46% 9% 6% 30% 16% Togo Nigeria Niger Malawi Liberia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Cote d'Ivoire Burkina Faso Benin Overall Access to inputs and technologies Ag productivity Post harvest losses Social protection FSN
- 18. 3.5. Food security and nutrition % under 5 stunting Women’s MDD Togo Nigeria Niger Malawi Liberia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Cote d'Ivoire Burkina Faso Benin 50% 50% 20% 25% 20% 50% 17% 20% 25% 20% 17% 20% 32% 20% 50% 17% 13% 100% 50% 100% 20% 20% 50% 50% % population undernourished % underweight children under 5 % under 5 wasting Children’s MAD
- 19. Key gaps • BR includes several measures for child nutrition and dietary diversity • Agenda 2063 includes diversification, commercialisation and WASH • SDGs includes Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and measures sustainable production and consumption practices
- 20. Innovations and ideas for improvement • BR should rename performance area as food security and nutrition • Niger included micronutrient deficiencies, levels of food insecurity, breastfeeding (not BR indicators) • Malawi included number of people requiring food assistance • Togo included biofortification and fortification (not BR indicators) • BR should include WASH
- 21. Title goes here Overview of the insights, lessons learnt and innovations with regard to NAIP indicator sets related to poverty
- 22. Togo Nigeria Niger Malawi Liberia Guinea… Guinea Cote… Burkin… Benin 0 25 66.7 14.3 50.0 57.9 22.2 26.3 57.1 66.7 0 12.5 13.3 28.6 25.0 5.3 11.1 10.5 14.3 0.0 50 0 13.3 28.6 0.0 0.0 11.1 21.1 0.0 8.3 0 0 0.0 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 12.5 0.0 14.3 25.0 5.3 11.1 10.5 0.0 8.3 0 37.5 6.7 0.0 0.0 15.8 22.2 21.1 14.3 8.3 0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.2 5.3 0.0 8.3 % Youth in new jobs % empowered women Rate of Ag value added in US$ Ag contribution to poverty reduction ↓Poverty headcount national ↓Poverty headcount international ↓ Gap between wholesale and farm prices No, value chains with PPPs with smallholders Theme 4: Eradicating Poverty through Agriculture
- 23. Key findings • Aligned with SDG 1, 5, 8 & Agenda 2063 Goal 1 • BR must strengthen focus on economic diversification (Agenda 2063) • Need for more smallholder farmer involvement • Wholesale, farm gate price gap influence on differential • National vs international poverty line • Youth and women empower
- 24. Innovations and ideas for improvement More needs to be done: • Smallholders • Unemployment rate by sex, age and persons with disabilities
- 25. Title goes here Overview of the insights, lessons learnt and innovations with regard to NAIP indicator sets related to intra-African trade and resilience to climate change
- 26. Theme 5: Intra-African trade in agricultural commodities and services 100% 67% 43% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 89% 33% 43% 9% 14% 2 Togo Nigeria Niger Malawi Liberia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Cote d'Ivoire Burkina Faso Benin Total Domestic Price Value of agric trade within Africa Trade Facilitation Index
- 28. Innovations and ideas for improvement • Guinea-Bissau - diversification index of the exported products as well as number of exporters. • Niger - indicator on number of agreements and trade negotiations. • Country NAIPs should include Domestic Price volatility. • Continental Free Trade Agreement.
- 29. Resilience to climate variability 27% 11% 33% 29% 5% 10% 18% 14% 46% 66% 67% 71% 81% 100% 70% 71% 33% 68% 27% 23% 14% 20% 11% 67% 18% Togo Nigeria Niger Malawi Liberia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Cote d'Ivoire Burkina Faso Benin Total Building resilience initiatives % households resilient to climate change Sustainable Land Management Practices
- 30. Key Findings • Some countries included indicators not found in the BR but related to this theme. Niger - carbon mobilization rates. Togo - indicators on renewable energy. • Most of the NAIP indicators align with: SDG 2.4.1, SDG 13 (climate action) and 15 (life on land) and Agenda 2063, target 1.7.3 and goal 7.
- 31. Innovations and ideas for improvement • BR should include a broader definition of resilience. • Monitoring - deaths, missing and persons affected by disasters. • Integrated policy for climate change.
Notes de l'éditeur
- Women’s MDD (Minimum Dietary Diverstiy) Children’s MAD (Minimum Acceotable Diet)
- The SGDs only include two direct measures of food insecurity – the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and the proportion of undernourished people. The SDGs include monitoring of the number of countries that mainstream and prioritise sustainable production and consumption practices. This goes beyond the monitoring of sustainable land use and postharvest losses contained in the BR and reflected in the NAIPs. This is an example of an area of contemporary focus in food security and nutrition discourses that is gaining increasing attention in the global domain. This concept has yet to be captured in the NAIPs. One specific example of where the indicator set for Agenda 2063’s First 10-year Implementation Plan (2014 – 2023) is reflected in some NAIPs is in the area of diversification. Agenda 2063’s First 10-year Implementation Plan (2014 – 2023) includes a target for economic diversification and resilience, setting a target for increasing the diversification index of 2013 by at least 20 percent by 2023. This diversity is essential for production, environmental stability, agricultural enterprises as well as sustainable livelihoods. Other examples where the NAIPs and BR could borrow ideas from Agenda 2063’s First 10-year Implementation Plan (2014 – 2023) indicator set include: The First 10-year Implementation Plan (2014 – 2023) indicator set elaborates on the kinds of basic services available to citizens, including mention of water, sanitation, electricity, transportation and internet connectivity. All of these services are important elements for agricultural transformation and improving the income opportunities and livelihoods of people in Africa. Internet access is a means for accessing information for agricultural development and nutrition knowledge. The current drive to harness big data for development planning and early warning systems is dependent on internet access The First 10-year Implementation Plan (2014 – 2023) specifically sets a target for 10 percent of agricultural GDP generated by commercial farmers. This is a significant shift from many of the NAIP plans that focus attention on smallholder agriculture as the driver of agriculture-led development. The focus on commercialisation in a couple of NAIPs draws attention to the need to shift production from smallholders to commercialisation. This is perhaps an area where more discussion is necessary to align not only the indicator sets but also the vision of CAADP and Agenda 2063.
- Most of the countries indicators monitored the growth rate of agriculture value added (4.1i) The least monitored performance indicator was reducing the gap between the wholesale price and the farm gate price (Only Guinea Bissau) & reduction rate of poverty headcount ratio at international poverty line (Cote d'Ivoire and Malawi) Percentage of youth that is engaged in new job opportunities in agriculture value chains was the next most monitored with Cote d'Ivoire having the most indicators Even though women empowerment in agriculture was among the least monitored Benin and Guinea included women’s participation in governance Cote d’Ivoire included proportion of female farm managers. Overall, Cote d’Ivoire included the highest number of indicators and Togo had the least
- SDG Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Agenda 2063 Goal 1. A high standard of living, quality of life and well-being for all