Capacity Development through networking: The case of Central Asi-- Alisher Tashmatov
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Central Asia faces several challenges to food security. The region has a population of over 67 million people, with around 40% living in rural areas where 70% of the poor reside. Food security varies among countries, with Tajikistan having the lowest and Kazakhstan the highest. Issues include low soil fertility, an unfavorable climate, water constraints, climate change, and food price volatility. To address these challenges, various development agencies, networks, and programs promote agricultural innovation. Effective policies are needed to support agricultural research and extension institutions, farmers and agricultural producers, and ultimately improve food and nutrition security across the region.
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Capacity Development through networking: The case of Central Asi-- Alisher Tashmatov
- 1. Agricultural Transformation in Asia: Policy Options for Food and Nutrition Security A TECHNICAL WORKSHOP AND CONFERENCE Capacity Development through networking at the sub-regional levels – The case of Central Asia Alisher Tashmatov Executive Secretary CACAARI
- 2. Central Asia
- 3. The area exceeding 4 million sq.km (about 3 % of the Earth's dry land) Population of more than 67 million, up to 40% in rural area 70% of poor reside in rural area GDP per capita is highest in Kazakhstan (USD 8,500), and lowest in Tajikistan (USD 900) Great variety of agricultural directions, plant and animal species, etc. Central Asia
- 4. Food security Typology Central Asia's Food Security typology Low Soil Fertility Unfavorable Climate Trade insecure Trade secure Trade insecure Trade secure Low food production Low food production High food production High food production Tajikistan Lowest food security Uzbekistan Middle food security Kyrgyzstan Upper Middle food security Turkmenistan Upper Middle food security Kazakhstan Upper Middle food security SOURCE: Shenggen, F., Liengzhi, Y., & Biengxin, Y., 2010, “Toward a typology of food security in developing countries”, IFPRI. <http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp00945.pdf>
- 5. CA Major Challenges of food security Population growth Water constraints Climate change Energy supply Food price volatility Recent Economic crises
- 6. Development Agencies, Networks, Programs and Projects to address the Food security issues World bank, FAO, Asian Development bank, GIZ, SDS, USAID, IFAD, UNDP,… Dev agencies IFPRI,ICARDA, …CGIAR centers GFAR,GFRAS, CACAARI, …stakeholders forums, networks and platforms many others
- 7. Network National Research institute member National research center member Research- Advisory center member NGO member University member Private sector member National Research institute non-member University – non- member NGO non- member 7 Policy- makers Donors, Development agencies, Programs
- 8. NARIN vs. NARS NARIN - National Agricultural Research and Innovation Network: • Inclusiveness • Transparency • Flexibility • Capacious • Participatory NARS - National Agricultural Research System: • Governance • Accountability • Orderliness • Procedurality • Unity vs. 8
- 9. Enabling Policy to support Agricultural Innovation System leading to more sustainable Food and nutrition safety Consumers Agricultural Processors Agricultural organizations Resource suppliers Crediting institutes Other Stakeholders Agricultural science Agricultural Extension Agricultural education Agricultural Producers/ farmers
- 10. First of all we need to address the needs of (i) farmers (e.g. producers and processors), who are the engine of (ii) agricultural productivity, which in turn will provide (iii) food and nutrition for population, and sufficiently for low income and vulnerable groups
- 11. Dr Alisher Tashmatov The Central Asia and Caucasus Association of Agricultural Research Institutions E-mail: a.tashmatov@cgiar.org. Thank you for your attention!
Notes de l'éditeur
- Dear colleagues, let me say few words about Central Asia. Central Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also sometimes referred to as colloquially, "the 'stans" (as the five countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan - generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "- stan", meaning "land of"). The largest biome in Central Asia is the temperate grasslands and shrub lands. Central Asia also contains the mountain and deserts.
- Area is about 4 mln square meters, and population is above of 67 million. The common language is Russian, since Central Asian Republics are former Soviet Union republics, when economy was planned and managed by centralized system. After collapse of Soviet Union new-independent countries faced considerable challenges – from severe economic crisis, particularly in Food and Nutrition System, which first of all affected to the poor and vulnerable population, both urban and rural. National leaders have, over the past years, made serious efforts to change the mentalities, priorities, objectives, procedures, processes and programs designed to serve the former political order to those the serve their national needs and aspirations. Institutional and policy changes to ensure Food security in Central Asian countries certainly depend on political will, but other involvement of other social actor of food chain is also required.
- According to IFPRI, Central Asia is characterized by low soil fertility and unfavorable climate, while Food security is at middle level typology.
- Major Challenges of food security in Central Asia are: Water constraints, Climate change, Population growth,Energy supply,Food price volatility and susceptibility to Economic crises. Those challenges have to be in the research agenda and have to be monitor and evaluate ,periodically discussed in the CACAARI Regional annual meetings with participation of all stakeholders groups and international donor and research and other organizations.
- Challenges of food security in Central Asia are addressed by initiatives of different Development Agencies, Networks, Programs and Projects of World bank, FAO, Asian Development bank, IFPRI, ICARDA, GFRAS, CACAARI, GIZ, SDS, USAID, IFAD, UNDP, and many others.Which is needs better coordination among the countries and within the region specifically focused to the AR&D
- Central Asia and the Caucasus Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (CACAARI) is facilitating the network of main actor of National Research and Innovation System: NGOs, Academic institutions, Research organizations, Private Sector, Farmers, and Policy Makers. Currently, CACAARI is transforming into more flexible and open network for any non-member representatives as for research, education, service providers, production, CSO and etc. all stakeholders –participant in AR&D. But still links/interactions between Donors, Development agencies, Programs in Central Asia is very weak, and this is hindering the Capacity Development.CAC RAIS network have to be the basically instrument of the better interaction and providing the core activities …
- Therefore CACAARI is intending and advocating the transition/evolving of network from National Agricultural Research System (NARS) to NARIN (National Agricultural Research and Innovation Network) which would be characterized by Inclusiveness, Transparency, Flexibility, Capacious and Better Participatory approach. In a such approach we will have better opportunities for capacity development, evidence based institutional and Policy changes to address the needs of different stakeholders group, and better interaction with policy institutions.
- Enabling Policy/ political will is one of the main factors in supporting Agricultural Innovation System leading to more sustainable Food and nutrition safety. And we have to acknowledge that higher capacity of policy infrastructure the better opportunities to address the challenges in Agriculture, Food security and nutrition. To address this goal a survey to study the capacity of policy settings/institutions, programs to strengthen capacity of policy institutions are required.There is gaps and necessity to provide huge activities with involvement policy makers to this process and creating Regional Policy makers network with active participation in CACAARI annual meetings and events where will be strong policy analysis and synthesis reports of implementation GCADRD Road Map, Regional strategies and as examples from FARA experience.
- First of all we need to address the needs of (i) farmers / producers and processors, who are the engine of (ii) agricultural productivity, which in turn will provide (iii) food and nutrition for population, and sufficiently for low income and vulnerable groups.As instrument to implement this mechanism we propose to support 8 country network of nodal point centers on agro information and extension methodological centers for each country and Regional center based under CACAARI Secretariat which will operating with hosting PFU CGIAR and ICARDA-CAC. This institution of the network methodological centers have to be sustainable in each country have to work systematically and supported each others.There have to work special experts group and socio-economists network have to join this activities and studies results , information , reports and data have to be post in each country nodal points facilitating websites and CACAARI website hubs.(necessity of the ICT support) and develop new communication and extension strategy as additional to the Regional strategy on transforming agricultural research and innovation systems.There is needs for combining this strategies in one unique comprehensive agricultural development strategy.For that purposes we need to combine efforts for establish regional methodological center and 8 national nodal points centers with groups of experts on socio-economic studies in CAC, we refer to IFPRI and CGIAR centers socio-economists who operating in CAC region unite to create and support our Regional center and network