2. TAKS
Objective 2 – The student will
demonstrate an understanding of
living systems and the environment.
3. TEKS Science Concepts
B4 - The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all
living things and have specialized parts that perform specific
functions, and that viruses are different from cells and have
different properties and functions. The student is expected to:
(A) identify the parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
B3 - The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem
solving to make informed decisions. The student is expected to:
(F) research and describe the history of biology and
contributions of scientists.
4. Engage: Cell History
Cytology- study of cells
1665 English Scientist
Robert Hooke
Used a microscope to
examine cork (plant)
Hooke called what he saw
"Cells"
5. Cell History
Robert Brown
Matthias Schleiden
discovered the nucleus in
1833.
German Botanist
Matthias Schleiden
1838
ALL PLANTS "ARE
COMPOSED OF
CELLS".
Theodor Schwann
Also in 1838,
discovered that animals
were made of cells
8. The Cell Theory states that:
1. All living things are composed of a cell
or cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
9. Explore
Plant vs. Animal Lab
You will observe different types of plant and animal cells
under the microscope and record your observations.
Gel Cells for Diffusion
You will build a model of a cell to understand why cells
when they reach a certain size stop growing.
Edible Model Cells
Using your textbook and other resources, you will make a
model of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell using gelatin and
other edible materials. The gelatin will represent the cell
membrane/cytoplasm and other edible components will be
representative of the cellular organelles.
11. 1. Cell Size
Female Egg - largest cell in the human
body; seen without the aid of a microscope
Most cells are visible only with a
microscope.
12. Cells are small for 2 Reasons
Reason 1:
Limited in size by the RATIO between their Outer
Surface Area and Their Volume.
A small cell has more SURFACE AREA than a
large cell for a GIVEN VOLUME OF CYTOPLASM.
13. Cells are Small
Reason 2:
THE CELL'S NUCLEUS (THE BRAIN)
CAN ONLY CONTROL A CERTAIN
AMOUNT OF LIVING, ACTIVE
CYTOPLASM.
14. 2. Cell Shape
Diversity of form reflects a
diversity of function.
THE SHAPE OF A CELL
DEPENDS ON ITS
FUNCTION.
24. The Nucleus
Brain of Cell
Bordered by a porous
membrane - nuclear
envelope.
Contains thin fibers of DNA
and protein called
Chromatin.
Rod Shaped Chromosomes
Contains a small round
nucleolus
produces ribosomal RNA
which makes ribosomes.
26. Endoplasmic Reticulum
1.
2.
Complex network of
transport channels.
Two types:
Smooth- ribosome
free and functions in
poison detoxification.
Rough - contains
ribosomes and
releases newly made
protein from the cell.
27. Golgi Apparatus
A series of flattened
sacs that modifies,
packages, stores,
and transports
materials out of the
cell.
Works with the
ribosomes and
Endoplasmic
Reticulum.
29. Centrioles
Found only in animal
cells
Paired organelles
found together near the
nucleus, at right angles
to each other.
Role in building cilia
and flagella
Play a role in cellular
reproduction
31. Cytoskeleton
Framework of the cell
Contains small microfilaments and larger
microtubules.
They support the cell, giving it its shape
and help with the movement of its
organelles.
34. The Vacuole
Sacs that help in
food digestion or
helping the cell
maintain its water
balance.
Found mostly in
plants and protists.
35. Cell Wall
Extra structure surrounding its plasma
membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and
bacteria.
Cellulose – Plants
Chitin – Fungi
Peptidoglycan - Bacteria
36. Section 7-1
Review
A. The Discovery of the Cell
1.Robert Hooke
2.The Cell Theory
B. Exploring Cell Diversity
1. Size
2. Shape
3. Internal Organization
C. Two types of cells
1. Prokaryote
2. Eukaryote
37. Cell Types (Review)
Eukaryotic
1. Contains a nucleus and
other membrane bound
organelles.
2. Rod shaped
chromosomes
3. Found in all kingdoms
except the Eubacteria
and Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
1.
Does not contain a
nucleus or other
membrane bound
organelles.
2.
Circular chromosome
3.
Found only in the
Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria
Kingdoms
38. Elaborate
Modeling the Animal Cell
You will create a cellular game. By
following the procedure, you will create
a closed circuit using a battery, wires,
paper spreaders, and an LED light that
will turn on when they match up the
organelle with its correct function
39. Evaluate
The students will create an edible cell
model and correctly identify the location and
function of at least 8 organelles.
The students will correctly match at least 10
organelles with their function, using the
animal and plant cell model.
The students will draw and label both a
prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. Pass/Fail
The students will complete a Venn diagram
comparing both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells showing at least two differences.
Notes de l'éditeur
This is important because the nutrients, oxygen, and other materials a cell requires must enter through it surface.
As a cell grows larger at some point its surface area becomes too Small to allow these materials to enter the cell quickly enough to meet the cell's need.