Reinforcing placed in CMU cells and cells filled with concrete Reinforcing placement determined by structural designer
External Flashing Prevents Moisture Penetration Types CAP FLASHING - TOP OF WALLS EDGE OF ROOFS COUNTER FLASHING WALL / ROOF INTERSECTION OFTEN TWO PIECES - ONE IN WALL / ONE ATTACHED Material SHEET METAL COPPER SS PLASTICS & COMPOSITES
“Through Wall” (Concealed) Flashing CONTINUOUS SHEET OF COPPER, PLASTIC, RUBBER/BITUMINOUS ATTACHED TO BACKUP WALL & RUN THROUGH TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE MASONRY Collects water WATER THAT HAS PENETRATED WALL ALLOWS IT DRAIN THROUGH “WEEPS” ACCOMPANIED BY WEEPS Drainage Through “Weeps” PLACED 24 TO 32 in o.c. ROPE, PLASTIC, METAL (ALSO CAN JUST STOP MORTAR) > 1/4 IN. Placement @ BOTTOM OF WALL CAVITY @ INTERUPTIONS OF CAVITY OVER DOORS / WINDOWS WINDOW SILLS SHELF ANGLES -
Electrical WALL OUTLETS, SWITCHES “ BUILT INTO” WALL HORIZONTAL - SLEEVES Plumbing NOT BUILT INTO WALL (COPPER, CI, PVC) SLEEVES FOR HORIZONTAL PENETRATIONS HVAC TYPICALLY NOT BUILT INTO WALL SLEEVES FOR HORIZONTAL PENETRATIONS MAY REQUIRE FIRE DAMPERS
Structure Movement, Masonry Changes WEIGHT / LOADING MASONRY - THERMAL EXPANSION/CONTRAC MUST PROVIDE FOR - OR CRACKING Expansion Joints Within Masonry Wall Two-way Movement @ Change in Thickness, Height, or Openings JT REINFORCING / MORTAR MUST BE INTERUPTED Isolation Joints @ DISSIMALR MATERIALS
Efflorescence FLUFFY WHITE POWDER @ SURFACE WATER SOLUBLE SALTS CAN BE CLEANED WATER INFILTRATION Mortar Joint Deterioration FREEZE THAW DELAY BY PROPER JOINT PROFILE TUCK POINTING - RACK OUT AND REPLACE Moisture Penetration COVERED PROPER JOINTS AND INSTALLATION COATINGS, MATERIAL SELECTION CAVITY CONSTRUCTION Cold Weather Construction MORTAR CAN’T FREEZE UNTIL CURED ENCLOSURES (HEATED) ADMIXTURES TO SPEED SETTING TIME Hot Weather – Mortar may dry out excessively
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