Cloud Computing

Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

Prasoon Kumar
Senior Technical Architect
Justdial Ltd

IWillStudy.com Cloud Summit Ahmedabad

Introduction
 Cloud Computing Industry is growing
 According to Gartner, worldwide cloud services revenue is on
pace to surpass $56.3 billion in 2009, a 21.3% increase from
2008 revenue of $46.4 billion, according to Gartner, Inc. The
market is expected to reach $150.1 billion in 2013.

 Businesses are increasing Cloud adoption
 "We expect a great deal of migration towards cloud computing
within the federal government in addition to the already robust
private sector growth. The growth of the cloud should not
outpace our ability to protect the data that goes into it..." ~
FormerWhite House advisor Paul Kurtz, partner with Good Harbor
Consulting, LLC

 How can IT leaders ensure security in the cloud?
IWillStudy Cloud Summit Ahmedabad

Introduction


Cloud Basics
 Cloud Characteristics
 Service Models
 SaaS
 IaaS
 PaaS
 Deployment Models
 Public
 Private
 Community
 Hybrid


Cloud Computing: Why Now?
 Experience with very large datacenters
 Unprecedented economies of scale
 Transfer of risk
 Technology factors
 Pervasive broadband Internet
 Maturity in Virtualization Technology
 Business factors
 Minimal capital expenditure
 Pay-as-you-go billing model


And in a non-Cloud view, there are inefficiencies in
addressing those issues

Allocated Load
IT-capacities Forecast
“Under-supply“
of capacities
IT CAPACITY

“Waste“ of Fixed cost of
capacities IT-capacities

Barrier for
innovations Actual Load

TIME

However, in a Cloud View

Load
Allocated IT Forecast
capacities

No “under-supply“
IT CAPACITY

Reduction of Possible
“over-supply“ reduction of
IT-capacities
in case of
Reduction reduced load
of initial
investments
Actual Load

Time

Cloud Characteristics


Cloud Service Models

 Software as a Service
(SaaS)

 Platform as a Service
(PaaS)

 Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)


Vendors
 IaaS  PaaS
 Amazon Elastic Compute  Force.Com
Cloud (EC2)  Google App Engine
 Eucalyptus  Windows Azure Platform
 GoGrid  GoGrid CloudCenter
 RackSpace Cloud

 SaaS
 Google Apps
 SalesForce.Com
 Oracle On Demand
 SQL Azure

Natural Evolution of the Web

Source: Lew Tucker, Introduction to Cloud Computing for Enterprise Users

Four Deployment Models


“OpenStack is a collection of open source software
projects that enterprises/service providers can use to
setup and run their cloud compute and storage
infrastructure.”
— docs.openstack.org

The OpenStack Consortium has grown rapidly in the
past year:

• NASA • Intel
• Rackspace • Cisco
• Citrix • HP
• Dell • Over 140 others
• AMD

OpenStack services are available via Amazon’s S3
and EC2 APIs. Applications written for Amazon Web
Services will work with OpenStack.


Introducing Windows Azure

Web applications WEB & CLOUDS Third party cloud

Compute Storage Management Relational data Management Connectivity Access control

Composite applications ON-PREMISES LOB Applications


Google App Engine
 Based on non-proprietary technology:
 Java servlet API version 2.5 or
 Python
 Easy to learn
 Rich tooling
 Extendable (can use 3rd party tools like GWT, Guice,
Spring, JSF, Struts, Grails, Restlet)
 Commercial support
 Google has proven they are good at this stuff


GAE building blocks
 Java Servlet Environment running in Java 6 sandbox
 Version 2.5
 Storing data
 Object database != relational: denormalized -> optimized for reading
 Designed for searching in very large datasets
 Multiple flavours: JDO (and JPA or native), @nnotation based
 Relationships: owned (1:1, 1:n) and unowned (1:n, n:1, n:n)
 Entity groups
 Transactions
 Indexes
 URL fetch
 Integration with other systems through HTTP
 Mail
 Send and receive email
 XMPP
 Send and receive instant messages
 Channel
 Persistent connection: no need for client side polling

GAE building blocks (continued)
Blobstore
 Manage large data chunks (like files, images)
 Image processing
 Transform, resize, change format
 Memcache
 Minimize datastore hits
 Cron
 Schedule repetitive, non-interactive jobs
 Task Queues
 Asynchronous, non-interactive background processing
 Authentication and SSO
 Google account
 Open ID
 Multi-tenancy
 Support different user groups
 Many 3rd party libraries
 But not all!


AWS Management Console
 Central location to all your aws cloud apps
 EC2
 Beanstalk
 S3
 RDS
 …


Setting up EC2 account and tools
 Create AMI signing certificate
 mkdir ~/.ec2
 cd ~/.ec2
 openssl genrsa -des3 -out pk-<group>.pem 2048
 openssl rsa -in pk-<group>.pem -out pk-unencrypt-<group>.pem
 openssl req -new -x509 -key pk-<group>.pem -out cert-<group>.pem -days
1095
 Share all three .pem files manually with group members
 Troubleshooting: If your client date is wrong your certs will not work
 Upload certificate to AWS via IAM page
 Login at: https://283072064258.signin.aws.amazon.com/console
 Account: 283072064258
 Username: group** (e.g. group1, group10, group18)
 Password: In email from Dr. Jin (12 digits, something like N9EzPxXGw0Gg)
 Click IAM tab -> users -> select yourself (use right arrow if needed)
 In bottom pane select “Security Credentials” tab and click “Manage Signing Certificates”
 Click “Upload Signing Certificate”
 cat ~/.ec2/cert-<group>.pem
 Copy contents into „Certificate Body‟ textbox and click „OK‟

 Retrieve and unpack AWS tools
 wget http://s3.amazonaws.com/ec2-downloads/ec2-api-tools.zip
 unzip ec2-api-tools.zip
 Create ec2 initialization script
 vi ec2-init.sh (you can use your preferred editor)
 export JAVA_HOME=/usr
 export EC2_HOME=~/ec2-api-tools-1.5.2.4
 export PATH=$PATH:$EC2_HOME/bin
 export EC2_PRIVATE_KEY=~/.ec2/pk-unencrypt-<group>.pem
 export EC2_CERT=~/.ec2/cert-<group>.pem
 source ec2-init.sh
 This will need to be done every login
 Alternately, put it in ~/.profile to have it done automatically on login

 Test it out
 ec2-describe-regions
 ec2-describe-images -o self -o amazon
 Troubleshooting
 http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonEC2/gsg/2007-01-03/

 Create a new keypair (allows cluster login)
 ec2-add-keypair <group>-keypair | grep –v KEYPAIR > ~/.ec2/id_rsa-<group>-
keypair
 chmod 600 ~/.ec2/id_rsa-<group>-keypair
 Only do this once! It will create a new keypair in AWS every time you run it
 Share private key file between group members, keep it private
 Don’t delete other groups’ keypairs!
 Everyone has access to everyone else’s keypairs from the AWS console
 EC2 tab ->Network and Security -> Keypairs

 Troubleshooting
 http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonEC2/gsg/2007-01-03/

Cleanup

Terminate your clusters when you’re done!
They cost <personX> grant money ($1/hour for a full cluster of 9 nodes)
You can always create more later

hadoop-ec2 terminate <group>-cluster

They can also be terminated manually from the AWS->EC2 console

GAE Demo
 Course Builder on Google App engine

http://www.iwillstudy.com/group/cloudcomputing

Join and Connect!

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Cloud Computing

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