2. INTRODUCTION
Counseling is a process, as well as a relationship,
between persons.
Counselling is a scientific process of assistance
extended by an expert in an individual situation to a
needy person.
Counselling involves relationship between two
persons in which one of them (counsellor) attempts
to assists the other (counselee or client) in so
organising himself as to attain a particular form of
happiness, adjusting to a life situation , or in short
self actualisation.
3. COUNSELING...
Williamson
“It is a means of helping people to learn how to
solve their own problems.”
Carl Rogers (1965)
“It is a definitely structured relationship which allows
the client to gain an understanding of himself to a
degree which enables him to take positive steps in
the light of his new orientation.”
5. Purposesof Counselling
A - ASSISTANCEBY
IDENTIFYING
PROBLEM
D - DEVELOPMENT
V - VASTINFORMATION
I - INSPIRATION
S - SOLUTION
E - ENCOURAGEMENT
6.
7.
8. 2. Tailor – made to the requirement of an
individual’s problem.
3. Emphasizes thinking with the individual.
4. Avoid dictatorial attitude.
5. Maintain relationship of trust and confidence
with the client.
6. client’s need is to put first.
7. Feels comfortable.
8. Skills of warmth, friendliness, openness, and
empathy ingredients of successful counseling
process.
9.Listen attentively, answer question objectively
and reinforce important information.
10. Let the client make voluntary informed
decision.
9. OTHER Principles to be
followed in counseling
process
1. Acceptance
2. Restatement
3. Clarification
4. Reassurance
5. Interpretation
6. Advice
7. Rejection
8. Lead
11. A)DirectiveCounseling
(prescriptive counselling/
counselor centered counseling).
This approach of counseling is advocated by
E.G. Williamson.
Counsellor –centred: the counsellor direct the
client to take steps in order to resolve his conflicts.
It is based on assumption that the client cannot
solve his own problems for lack of information.
12. The counsellor plays an important role; he tries to
direct the thinking of counselee by informing ,
explaining, interpreting and advising.
It gives more importance to intellectual aspect
than emotional aspects.
14. MERITS
It is less time consuming; hence this method can be
adopted when an early solution is required.
This method is best; less matured and less intelligent
client interact with an experienced counsellor.
This is best method at lower levels where the
client is not in a position to analyse his own
problem
In this method, the counsellor becomes readily
available to help the client which makes the client
very happy.
15. DEMERITS
In directive counselling, the client never becomes
independent of the counsellor. So it is not an effective
or best guidance.
The personal autonomy and integrity of the client is
not respected, it leads to new adjustment problems.
It will not help the individual to develop any attitudes
through his own experiences.
The counsellor fails in saving the client to
commit the mistakes in future.
16. B)NON-DIRECTIVECOUNSELLING/
PERMISSIVE OR CLIENTCENTERED
COUNSELLING
This school of thought is just reverse to that ofdirective
counseling and exponent is “Carl Rogers”.
It is a client-centred process.
In this, the counselee is the pivot and plays a
predominant role of the wholecounselling process.
The main function of the counsellor is to create an
atmosphere in which the client can work out his problem.
Counselee centered approach in which he/ she is guided to
use his own inner resource to solve the problem.
17. It is also known as permissive
counselling.
In this type of counselling,
emotional elements rather than
intellectual element are
stressed.
18. NONDIRECTIVECOUNSELLING
The principles of acceptance & tolerance are
extremely important in this approach.
The basic assumptions related to nondirective
counseling approach are:
Patient is given importance than the
counselling directions & investigations
Creation of an atmosphere where patients can work
out their understanding is more important than
cultivating self-understanding in the patient.
leads to a voluntary choice of goals & a
conscious selection of courses of action.
20. C)ECLECTIC COUNSELLING
Eclectic counselling is a type of counselling which is
neither counsellor-centred nor client centred; but a
combination of both.
Here the counsellor is neither too active as in directive
counselling nor too passive as in non-directive
counselling, but follows a middle course.
21. CHARACTERISTICSOFECLECTIC
COUNSELLING
Methods of counselling may change from client to
client or even with the same client from time to time.
It is highly flexible.
Freedom of choice and expression is open to both the
counsellor and the counselee.
Experience of mutual confidence and faith in the
relationship are basic.
The client and the philosophical framework are
adjusted to save the purpose of the relationship.
23. ECLECTICCOUNSELLING
Advantages of eclectic counseling approach
practical approach.
It is a more flexible approach of counseling.
It is more objective & coordinated approach of
counseling.
Limitations of eclectic counselling approach
The role of counselor & the counselee are
not predetermined.
It requires more skilled counselors to handle the
dynamic feature of this counseling approach.
24. OTHERTYPESOFCOUNSELLING
A)Based on length of the counselling session:
Short-term counseling( situational crisis,
needs immediate attention).
Long-term counseling- prolonged period of
time. (developmental crisis, e.g.: women with
menopause, women with breast feeding)
B) Based on number of counselees involved:
Individual counseling
Group counseling
25.
26. COUNSELLING
ENVIRONMENT
Welcoming : Greet clients appropriately
Comfortable : Have comfortable seats
A place with few distractions: No telephone
Somewhere where privacy and confidentiality can
be maintained
Non-threatening : A place where people can feel
relaxed
27. PERSONALITY TRAITS OFAN
EFFECTIVE COUNSELOR
1. SELF AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING
Self-awareness is the ability to look within and
identify your own unmet psychological needs and desires,
such as a need for intimacy or the desire to be professionally
competent. This ability prevents your issues from affecting or
conflicting with those of your clients.
2. GOOD PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH
Although no persons is totally problem free but a
person with less problems or good psychological health
can be trained to be counselor.
28. PERSONALITYTRAITSOFAN
EFFECTIVECOUNSELOR
3. RAPPORT-BUILDING SKILLS
Counselors must possess a strong set of interpersonal skills
to help establish rapport quickly with clients and develop strong
relationships. They must give their undivided attention to clients
and be able to cultivate trust.
4. OPEN MINDNESS
A person who is free from fixed or pre occupied
ideas .They are aware of their own values and beliefs
and are able to distinguish them from the beliefs and
values of others.
29. PERSONALITYTRAITSOFAN
EFFECTIVECOUNSELOR
5. TRUST WORTHINESS
A person who is reliable ,honest and does not
hurt other persons. He/She keep the information to
herself.
6. APPROACHABILITY
The counselor who is friendly has positive
attitudes about others and can be approached without
a feeling of apprehension.
32. STAGE1: RELATIONSHIPBUILDING
Introduce yourself.
Listen attentively.
Empathy, genuiness and warmth enhances relationship
building.
Always address the person by his or her name.
Ensure physical comfort.
Observe non-verbal communication.
35. STAGE4: INTERVENTIONAND
PROBLEMSOLVING
Characteristics of a good treatment plan…
goals are clearly defined and reachable
plan able to be adapted with time
positive and action-oriented focus
Essential to an effective plan…is client’s motivation
and willingness to follow it.
36. STAGE5: TERMINATIONAND
FOLLOWUP
Role to review progress
Think of this as a means of empowering the client.
Termination considered not just at end of successful
relationship, but also is considered when it seems
counseling is not being helpful.
37. STEPS TO SUCCESS IN
COUNSELLING
Willingness
Motivation
Commitment
Faith
38. CONCLUSION
Effective counseling reduces confusions, allowing the
client to make effective decisions and leading to
positive changes in their attitude and behavior.
“An unresolved issue will be like a cancer with the
potential to spread into other areas of your relationship”
