1. *Certificate*
This is hereby to certify that the original and genuine investigation work has been carried out to
investigate about the subject matter and the related data collection and investigation has been
completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by KANISHK SINGH of CLASS XII – A, Apeejay
School, NOIDA, regarding his project titled “DETERMINARION OF THE CONTENTS OF
COLD DRINKS”. Teacher‟s Signature
*Acknowledgement* It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere
thanks to my chemistry teacher Dr. S.K. Jain in providing a helping hand in this project. His
valuable guidance, support and supervision all through this project are responsible for attaining
its present form. I would also like to thank my parents as they encouraged me to put forward my
project.
*Contents*
Introduction
Theory
Aim
Apparatus
Chemicals Required
Detection of pH
Test for Carbon Dioxide
VIII. Test for Glucose
Test for Phosphate
Test for Alcohol
Test for Sucrose
Result
XIII. Precautions
XIV. Conclusion
Bibliography

2. *Introduction*
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the industrialization in India marked its beginning with
launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group of companies. Since, the beginning of cold
drinks was highly profitable and luring, many multinational companies launched their brands in
India like Pepsi and Coke. Now days, it is observed in general that majority of people viewed
Sprite, Fanta and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate
pulse and brain.
*Theory*
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide,
phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste
which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking
the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid which is also responsible for
the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and are major
source of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is CX (H2O)Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:- Monosaccharide,
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It
occurs in Free State in the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present
in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in
our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar
beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is
produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is
reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their
pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric
acid.
*Aim*
Comparitive Study and Qualitative Analysis of different brands of Cold Drinks available in
market.
*Apparatus*
Test Tubes
Test Tube Holder
Test Tube Stand

3. Stop Watch
Beaker
Bunsen Burner
pH Paper
Tripod Stand
China Dish
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
*Chemicals Required*
Iodine Solution
Potassium Iodide
Sodium Hydroxide
Lime Water
Fehling‟s A & B Solution
Concentrated Nitric Acid
Benedict Solution
Ammonium Molybdate
*Detection Of pH*
Experiment
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and put on the pH
paper. The change in colour of pH paper was noticed and was compared with standard pH
scale.
Observation
Sr. No. Name of drink Colour Change pH Value
1 Coca cola Pinkish 2-3
2 Spirite Dark Orange 3
3 Limca Light Orange 4
4 Fanta Orange 3-4
Inference
Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH
values of cold drinks of different brand are different due to the variation in amount of acidic
content.

4. *Test For Carbon Dioxide*
Experiment
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples were passed through lime water. The
lime water turned milky.
Observation
Sr. No. Name of the drink Time taken Conclusion
1 Coca Cola 28 CO2 is present
2 Sprite 20 CO2 is present
3 Limca 38 CO2 is present
4 Fanta 36 CO2 is present
Inference
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict‟s reagent. Hence all the drinks
contain glucose.
2. Fehling’s Solution Test
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of
Fehling‟s A solution and Fehling‟s B solution was added in equal amount. The test tube was
heated in water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of
glucose in cold drinks.
Observation
Sr no. Name of the drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Reddish Brown
Precipitate
Glucose is Present
2 Sprite Reddish Brown
Precipitate
Glucose is Present
3 Limca Reddish Brown
Precipitate
Glucose is Present
4 Fanta Reddish Brown
Precipitate
Glucose is Present
Inference
All samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling‟s (A & B) solutions. Hence all the cold
drinks contain glucose.

5. Observation
Sr no. Name of the drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Canary Yellow
Precipitate
Phosphate is Present
2 Sprite Canary Yellow
Precipitate
Phosphate is Present
3 Limca Canary Yellow
Precipitate
Phosphate is Present
4 Fanta Canary Yellow
Precipitate
Phosphate is Present
Inference
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all the cold drinks
contain phosphate.
*Test For Alcohol*
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and Iodine followed
by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was added to each test tube. Then
the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow coloured
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks.
Sr no. Name of the drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is Present
2 Sprite Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is Present
3 Limca Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is Present
4 Fanta Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is Present
Inference
All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the cold drinks contain
alcohol.
Chemical Reaction
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH → CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI +5H2O

6. *Test for Sucrose*
Experiment
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes and were heated
very strongly until changes occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose
in cold drinks.
Observation
Sr no. Name of the drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Black Residue Sucrose is Present
2 Sprite Black Residue Sucrose is Present
3 Limca Black Residue Sucrose is Present
4 Fanta Black Residue Sucrose is Present
Inference
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies in each brand of
drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
*Result*
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic
in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca
is least acidic of all the four brands taken.
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum amount of dissolved
carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.
*Precautions*
Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are –
1.Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care.
2. Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each experiment.
3. If possible, one should wear hand gloves to prevent from any possible damage

7. 4. If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush immediately with copious
amounts of water.
5. Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you leave your workstation.
6. Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are heating at yourself or your neighbour.
*Conclusion*
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large amount
which cause problems in diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body‟s natural ability to suppress
hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in
about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the hazardous matter
place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent „detergent‟ to remove grease from clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
*Bibliography* Following books and websites were a source for my project .
Comprehensive Chemistry Lab Manual
- Dr. N. K. Verma
www. Google.com
www.Wikipedia.com
www. Icbse.com
www. Unoregon.edu