1. Molecular Biology

2. Fig. 10-1a
Head
DNA
Tail
Tail fiber

3. Fig. 10-1b
Radioactive Empty
Phage
protein Radioactivity
protein shell
in liquid
Bacterium Phage
DNA
DNA
Batch 1
Radioactive
protein Centrifuge
Pellet
2 Agitate in a blender to 3 Centrifuge the mixture 4 Measure the
1 Mix radioactively
separate phages so bacteria form a
labeled phages with radioactivity in
outside the bacteria pellet at the bottom of
bacteria. The phages the pellet and
from the cells and the test tube.
infect the bacterial cells. the liquid.
their contents.
Radioactive
DNA
Batch 2
Radioactive
DNA Centrifuge
Radioactivity
in pellet
Pellet

4. DNA Structure

5. Fig. 10-3b

6. Fig. 10-3a

7. Fig. 10-2aa
Nitrogenous base
(A, G, C, or T)
Phosphate
group
Thymine (T)
Sugar
(deoxyribose)

8. Fig. 10-2b
Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)
Adenine (A)
Pyrimidines Purines

9. Fig. 10-2c
Nitrogenous base
(A, G, C, or U)
Phosphate
group
Uracil (U)
Sugar
(ribose)

10. Fig. 10-3da
Base
pair
Ribbon model

11. Fig. 10-4a-3
Nucleotides
Parental Both parental Two identical
molecule strands serve daughter
of DNA as templates molecules of DNA

12. DNA replication occurs during S
phase of the Cell Cycle

13. Fig. 10-4b

14. Fig. 10-5b
3 end
5 end
P 5
2
4
3
3 1 1
4
2
5
P P
P P
P P
P
5 end
3 end

15. Fig. 10-5a
Parental strand
Origin of replication
Daughter strand
Bubble
Two daughter DNA molecules

16. Fig. 10-5c
DNA polymerase
3
molecule
5
Daughter strand
synthesized
Parental DNA
5
continuously
3
Daughter
strand
3
synthesized
5
in pieces
5
3
DNA ligase
Overall direction of replication

17. Protein Synthesis occurs during
G0, G1 and G2 of the cell cycle

18. Fig. 10-6a-3
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Translation
Protein

19. Fig. 10-7a
DNA strand
Transcription
RNA
Codon
Translation
Polypeptide
Amino acid

20. Fig. 10-9b
RNA polymerase
DNA of gene
Promoter Terminator
DNA DNA
1
Initiation
Area shown
2
in Figure 10.9A
Elongation
Growing
3
RNA
Termination
Completed
RNA RNA
polymerase

21. Fig. 10-8a
Second base
Third base
First base

22. Fig. 10-12a
Growing
tRNA polypeptide
molecules
Large
subunit
mRNA Small
subunit

23. Fig. 10-12c
Next amino acid
to be added to
polypeptide
Growing
polypeptide
tRNA
mRNA
Codons

24. Fig. 10-14-4
Amino
acid
Polypeptide
A site
P site
Anticodon
mRNA Codons
1 Codon recognition
mRNA
movement
Stop
codon
2 Peptide bond
formation
New
peptide
bond
3 Translocation

25. Mutations

26. Fig. 10-16a
Normal hemoglobin DNA Mutant hemoglobin DNA
mRNA mRNA
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
Normal hemoglobin
Glu Val

28. Plasmodium falciparum

30. Fig. 10-16b
Normal gene
mRNA
Protein Lys
Met Phe Ala
Gly
Base substitution
Lys
Met Phe Ala
Ser
Base deletion Missing
Lys
Met Leu His
Ala