EARLY DISCOVERY OF THE WORLD (II) (Orkney’s, Scotland, c.2370 BC) Dr. R.M. de Jonge ©, drsrmdejonge@hotmail.com November, 2013 Summary At a recent excavation on the Orkney Islands, Scotland, a large Engraved Stone was found. A-nalysis of its back side leads to the conclusion its decoration should be considered as a primi-tive script, a kind of Megalithic Writing. - The story starts with the discovery of Madagascar in the Second Dynasty. It continues with the discovery of Australia and New Zealand in the Third Dynasty, and finishes with the discovery of America via the Bering Sea, which hap-pened in the Fourth Dynasty during the reign of the 5th king Menkaure (c.2580-2562 BC). - The two southern crossings of the North Atlantic Ocean were discovered by the 2nd king Sa-hure of the Fifth Dynasty. The northern crossing via Greenland was discovered by the 3rd king Neferirkare. Finally, the Return Route via Bermuda was discovered by the 9th king Unas of this dynasty.

1. EARLY DISCOVERY OF THE WORLD (II)
(Orkney’s, Scotland, c.2370 BC)
Dr. R.M. de Jonge ©, drsrmdejonge@hotmail.com
November, 2013
Summary
At a recent excavation on the Orkney Islands, Scotland, a large Engraved Stone was found. Analysis of its back side leads to the conclusion its decoration should be considered as a primitive script, a kind of Megalithic Writing. - The story starts with the discovery of Madagascar
in the Second Dynasty. It continues with the discovery of Australia and New Zealand in the
Third Dynasty, and finishes with the discovery of America via the Bering Sea, which happened in the Fourth Dynasty during the reign of the 5th king Menkaure (c.2580-2562 BC). The two southern crossings of the North Atlantic Ocean were discovered by the 2nd king Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty. The northern crossing via Greenland was discovered by the 3rd
king Neferirkare. Finally, the Return Route via Bermuda was discovered by the 9th king Unas
of this dynasty.
Introduction
The Orkney Islands are located in the north of Great Britain at a latitude of 59°N. The small
archipelago has a diameter of about 30 miles (50 km), and the southerly shores are situated 10
miles (16 km) north of the Scottish mainland, at the other site of the passage called the Pentland Firth. Most of the megalithic monuments are located on the largest island, called “Mainland”.
The Ness of Brodgar on this island is a narrow strip of land between the Loch of Harray (with
fresh water) in the north, and the Loch of Stenness (with brackish water) in the south. It is an
istmus having a width of a few hundred yards pointing to the north-west. At the eastern entrance of this istmus is the Ring of Stenness, c.1.5 km NW of it the Ring of Brodgar, and another 1.5 km NW of it the Ring of Bookan. All three Rings are major megalithic monuments.
(Ref.4)
Islands in the Ocean
The Azores in the middle of the Ocean were discovered c.3600 BC (with an accuracy of half a
century). The Faroes and Iceland, NW of Scotland, were discovered c.3400 BC. The east coast of Greenland was discovered c.3300 BC, and its south coast c.3250 BC. However, half a
century later the megalith builders gave up their attempts to cross Davis Strait (behind the
west coast of Greenland), c.3200 BC. (Refs.3,12,13,16)
After the last discovery the Ness of Brodgar became an important ceremonial site. The istmus
was symbolic for the narrow strip of land along the south coast of Greenland located west of
the Orkney’s, at 59°N. Latitudes were already known c.4800 BC. - The Loch of Harray (with
fresh water) in the north was symbolic for the huge ice cap on Greenland, and the Loch of
Stenness (with brackish water) represented the Labrador Sea in the south-west. (Refs.3,4)
The small Ring of Stenness was symbolic for Cape Farvel, the south cape of Greenland, at
59+1= 60°N. The large Ring of Brodgar represented the important SW Cape of Greenland, at

2. 59+2= 61°N. Finally, the Ring of Bookan symbolized the west coast of Greenland, at 59+3=
62°N. After its discovery the megalith builders surrendered.
However, the Ness of Brodgar was also symbolic for the three island groups of the Azores, located west of the Strait of Gibraltar, at 36°N. The Ring of Stenness was symbolic for the two
islands of the East Azores, at 36+1= 37°N, the Ring of Brodgar for the five islands of the
Central Azores, at 36+2= 38°N, and the Ring of Bookan for the two islands of the West Azores, at 36+3= 39°N.
The Strait of Gibraltar, at 36°N, was symbolic for the circumference of the planet Earth of 36
Moiras, or 360°. So, it was symbolic for the desire to circumnavigate the Earth. (Refs.2-6)
Engraved Stone (back side)
In 2013 an Engraved Stone was found during the excavation of a habitation site at the Ness of
Brodgar, which consisted of at least five huts. So far a total of 450 inscribed pieces were discovered, but this slab was a very nice one. Recently, an article was published on the front side
of the Stone (Ref.38). The back side of it is shown in Fig.1. Close investigation shows the decoration appears to be a primitive script, again. An attempt was made to write down an important story. This story deals with the Egyptian discovery of America. (Ref.1)
The back side of the Stone (Fig.1) has the approximate shape of a rectangle. Its surface was
clearly dressed, and is rather smooth. It appears to symbolize a part of the North Atlantic Ocean. This shape, with four equal angles, was chosen because the size of the Ocean was known
in the Fourth Dynasty (c.2600 BC). Note, that the Orkney’s are located at the complementary
latitude of the northern Nile Delta, at 90-31= 59°N. In antiquity the use of complementary latitudes was very common, and Egypt was the greatest civilization on Earth!
The back side of the slab contains two engraved figures. It appears the eastern one symbolizes the two islands of Madeira, at 33°N, and the prominent western one represents the three
island groups of the Azores, at 38°N. For about three centuries (300 years) the Azores were
the westernmost islands of the then known World (c.3600-3300 BC). (Refs.1,7-11)

3. Fig.1 Back side of Engraved Stone
(Ness of Brodgar, Orkney’s, c.2370 BC) (Courtesy: Ref.1)
Discovery of Madagascar
The two islands of Madeira (Fig.1) might refer to the discovery of Madagascar, 20° east of the
River Nile, at c.20°S, which occurred in the Second Dynasty of Egypt. - Each of the two diamonds have four equal sides. These show the shortest sailing distance from Mozambique,
East Africa, of 4 Egyptian moiras, or 4°, was discovered by the 2x4= 8th king Peribsen (c.2820-2772 BC) of this dynasty, at 2x8= 16°S. Its sailing direction is 16° ESE.
The two islands of the West Azores are represented by an isosceles triangle (Fig.1). These
confirm the discovery of Madagascar, 20° east of the River Nile, at c.20°S, in the Second Dynasty. The West and Central Azores are two archipelago’s shown in a single figure (Fig.1),
confirming it. - The Central Azores are represented by a diamond with four equal sides. These
confirm the shortest sailing distance from Mozambique, East Africa, of 4 moiras, or 4°, was
discovered by the 2x4= 8th king Peribsen, at 2x8= 16°S. Its sailing direction is 16° ESE. The four sides of the diamond of the Central Azores are carved twice, confirming it, again.
The two islands of the East Azores are represented by an isosceles triangle (Fig.1). These confirm the discovery of Madagascar, 20° east of the River Nile, at c.20°S, in the Second Dynasty. The West and East Azores are two archipelago’s, confirming it. - These contain together
2+2= 4 islands. These confirm the shortest sailing distance from Mozambique, East Africa, of
4 moiras, or 4°, was discovered by the 2x4= 8th king Peribsen (c.2820-2772 BC) of this dynasty, at 2x8= 16°S. Its sailing direction is 16° ESE. – The four equal sides of both isosceles
triangles are carved twice, confirming it, again.
The three island groups of the Azores (Fig.1) confirm the 3x16= 48 years of reign of king Peribsen, as well as the correct surface area of the island of 48 square moiras, or 593 thousand km2
(of-ficially 587 thousand km2, deviation of +1.0%).

4. Discovery of Australia
The three island groups of the Azores (Fig.1) might refer to the Third Dynasty. The two islands of Madeira may encode the 2nd king Djoser (c.2753-2723 BC). Together these archipelagos contain 9+2= 11 islands, which indicate the discovery of Australia at Cape York,
Queensland, at 11°S, 110° east of the Nile Delta. - So, king Djoser discovered Australia at the
eastern crossing from New Guinea.
It also encodes the position of the southern island of Roti, Indonesia, at 11°S. The five islands
of the Central Azores are represented by a diamond with four equal sides (Fig.1). These describe the western crossing to the Kimberley District of Australia, having a sailing direction of
50° SE and a sailing distance of 4 moiras, or 4°. It is the second island group of the Azores.
So, this second crossing was discovered by the 2nd king Djoser, too.
The four equal sides of the diamond also refer to the crossing of Bass Strait, at 40°S. So, the
2nd king Djoser discovered two islands, Australia and Tasmania. - The two islands of the East
Azores are represented by an isosceles triangle (Fig.1). It confirms the 2nd king Djoser discovered these two islands, and it confirms he discovered this third crossing to Tasmania. The
East Azores are the third island group of the archipelago (Fig.1). The three island groups of
the Azores illustrate king Djoser discovered three important crossings. It also confirms his 30
years of reign.
The West Azores, East Azores, and Madeiras each consist of two islands (see Fig.1). These
3x2= 6 islands refer to the step pyramid of 2nd king Djoser of the Third Dynasty, the first one
of its kind. It was built in Saqqara, near Memphis, Egypt, at 30°N, having six steps, because
the surface area of Australia, including Tasmania, equals 6 square Moiras (1 Moira= 10°, or
1111 km), or 7.4 million km2 (officially 7.6 million km2, deviation of -2.6%). (Refs.18-33)
Discovery of New Zealand
The three island groups of the Azores (Fig.1) encode the discovery of New Zealand, 30° east
of Bass Strait, in the Third Dynasty. The two islands of Madeira (Fig.1) represent North and
South Island, respectively. Each of the diamonds have four equal sides. These encode the
2x4= 8th king Huni (c.2685-2661 BC) of this dynasty, who discovered it. The three island
groups of the Azores confirm his 3x8= 24 years of reign.
The Central Azores are represented by a diamond with four equal sides (Fig.1). It is the second island group of this archipelago, which confirms the discovery of North and South Island by the 2x4= 8th king Huni. The four sides of the diamond are carved twice, confirming
it. The Central Azores are located at 38°N, which is 38-30= 8° above the Nile Delta, confirming the 8th king, again. They are located 38-16= 22° above the Cape Verde Islands, which
indicate the surface area of New Zealand, 22 square moiras, or 272 thousand km 2 (officially
268 thousand km2, deviation of +1.5%).
The two islands of the East Azores are represented by an isosceles triangle (Fig.1). It confirms
North and South Island were discovered 30° east of Bass Strait, in the Third Dynasty. The two
equal sides of the triangle are carved twice, which confirms the 2x4= 8th king Huni discovered New Zealand. One of the islands, São Miguel, is located 38-30= 8° above the Nile Delta,
confirming it. It is the third island group of this archipelago (Fig.1), confirming his 3x8= 24
years of reign. The other island, Santa Maria is located at 37°N, which is 37-15= 22° above
the southern Cape Verde islands, confirming the surface area of New Zealand, 22 square
moiras.

5. The two islands of the West Azores are represented by an isosceles triangle (Fig.1). It confirms North and South Island were discovered 30° east of Bass Strait, in the Third Dynasty.
The two equal sides of the triangle are carved twice, which confirms the 2x4= 8th king Huni
discovered New Zealand. These islands are located 47-39= 8° below Cape Race, Newfoundland, confirming it. They are located 39-15= 24° above the southern Cape Verde islands, confirming the 24 years of reign of the king. They are located 39-17= 22° above the northern Cape Verde islands, confirming the surface area of New Zealand, 22 square moiras.
Discovery of America
The two islands of Madeira are carved as diamonds on top of each other (Fig.1). Each of these
have four equal sides. It is the easternmost figure on this side of the Stone. So, the continents
of North and South America were discovered in the far east in the Fourth Dynasty. The two
diamonds symbolize these new continents! – America can be reached via crossings above and
below the Bering Sea. So, both crossings were discovered in the Fourth Dynasty.
The Central Azores are represented by a large, beautiful diamond (see Fig.1). It means this
part of the figure contains important information about the discovery of America. The four
equal sides confirm it happened in the Fourth Dynasty. This archipelago consists of five islands. So, it happened via the southern Aleutian islands, at the south side of the Bering Sea, at
c.50°N.
The four sides of the diamond are carved twice. So, it is confirmed it occurred in the Fourth
Dynasty at the complementary latitude of 90-40= c.50°N. In antiquity the use of complementary latitudes was very common.
King Menkaure
The Central Azores are located 38-33= 5° above the islands of Madeira, shown at the right side (see Fig.1). So, the 5th king Menkaure (Mycerinos, c.2580-2562 BC) of this dynasty discovered America via the southern Aleutian islands, at c.50°N.
The diamond in the center consists of nine little diamonds, cut in half. The 2x9= 18 small triangles confirm his 18 years of reign. He discovered America at the back side of the planet
Earth. It is the Realm of the Dead at a distance of 18 Moiras, or 180°, from the Land of the Living (Sun religion).
The islands of Madeira are carved as two diamonds, each of them with four equal sides. Both
refer to the 40th latitude line. So, it is confirmed the 5th king Menkaure discovered America
at the complementary latitude of 90-40= c.50°N. The two figures on the Stone contain a total
of 3+2= 5 beautiful parts, confirming it.
The West Azores are represented by a triangle pointing downwards (see Fig.1). It is attached
to the diamond of the Central Azores in a special way. The West Azores are located 1° above
the Central Azores, at 38+1= 39°N. These encode the exact latitude of the southern Aleutian
islands, where America was discovered: at the complementary latitude of 90-39= 50+1=
51°N!
The figure at the right side has two parts, and the one at the left side has three parts (Fig.1).
Together these figures refer to the holy Tropic of Cancer, at 20+3= 23°N (Sun religion). However, they also refer to the holy Arctic Circle, at the complementary latitude of 90-23= 67°N.

6. It is the northernmost line the Sun still shines at midwinter day. It shows king Menkaure returned via the Bering Strait, 1° below it, at 67-1= 66°N. So, he also discovered this northern
crossing, 66-51= 15° above the southern Aleutian islands. (Refs.2-20)
Crossings of the Atlantic
King Sahure
The southern Cape Verde islands, off shore West Africa, are located at 15°N (see above). The
three island groups of the Azores (Fig.1) encode the sailing direction of the Southern Crossing, 30° SSW. The 50th latitude line, just mentioned, encodes the point of arrival, Cape São
Roque (the Holy Rock), Brazil, at 5°S, but also the Fifth Dynasty. The two islands of Madeira
(Fig.1) correspond to the sailing distance, with the wind and the current, 2 Moiras, or 20°, but
also to the 2nd king. So, the 2nd king Sahure (c.2510-2498 BC) discovered the Southern Crossing of the Ocean.
The three island groups of the Azores (Fig.1) encode Cape Race, the SE Cape of Newfoundland, 3° below the 50th latitude line, at 50-3= 47°N. The two islands of Madeira (Fig.1) correspond to the initial sailing direction of the Return Route, 20° ESE, with the wind and the
current, and to the sailing distance of 2 Moiras, or 20°, to the two islands of the West Azores
(Fig.1).
The five islands of the Central Azores (Fig.1) show this crossing was discovered in the Fifth
Dynasty. The two islands of the East Azores (Fig.1) confirm this second crossing was discovered by the 2nd king.
The Engraved Stone contains two beautiful figures of five parts (Fig.1), which confirm the
two southern crossings of the Ocean were discovered by the 2nd king Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty. These two figures were made in his honor. The large diamond represents the Central Azores (Fig.1). This second island group is located 50-38= 12° below the 50th latitude line,
confirming his 12 years of reign.
King Neferirkare
The three island groups of the Azores (Fig.1) refer to the southern Nile Delta, at 30°N. However, they also encode the northern crossing of the Ocean from the Shetland Islands, via Cape
Farvel, Greenland, to Cape Chidley, Canada, at the complementary latitude of 90-30= 60°N.
It was discovered by the third king Neferirkare (c.2498-2478 BC). So, the third crossing was
discovered by the 3rd king!
The West Azores are the northernmost group of small islands in the Ocean. These are represented by a triangle, having three sides and angles (Fig.1). So, it is confirmed the northern
crossing was discovered by the 3rd king. Inside is another small triangle, confirming it, again.
The West Azores consist of two islands, confirming the 20 years of reign of this king. The
two islands of Madeira confirm it, too.
King Unas
The three island groups of the Azores (Fig.1) refer to Abaco Island, Northern Bahama’s, 3°
below the Nile and Mississippi Delta’s, at 30-3= 27°N. The 2nd king Sahure reigned for 12
years. So, the sailing distance to the island of Bermuda, 2° above these Delta’s, at 30+2=
32°N, was 12 moiras, or 12°. Bermuda is located 32-27= 5° above Abaco Island, which shows
it was discovered in the Fifth Dynasty.

7. Bermuda is located 32-23= 9° above the holy Tropic of Cancer. At midsummer day the Sun is
at right angles above this Tropic. The slow northerly movement of the Sun turns into a southerly movement. So, people believe in the Egyptian SunGod Ra! Far in the east this Tropic
crosses the River Nile, at 23°N. It is the center of the Southern Egyptian Empire, but also the
center of the Sun religion!
The Azores consist of nine islands, as shown by the nine small diamonds in the center of the
figure (Fig.1). So, the crossing from Bermuda to the Azores, with the wind and the current,
was discovered by the 9th and last king Unas (c.2403-2370 BC). It consists of three island
groups (Fig.1), which encodes its long sailing distance of 3 Moiras, or 30°.
The figure at the left side of the Stone has three parts, and the one at the right side has two
parts (Fig.1). It confirms the discovery of Bermuda, at 30+2= 32°N. Bermuda is located 5032= 18° below the 50th latitude line, confirming the 18 years of reign of king Menkaure, who
discovered America.
The diamond represents the Central Azores (Fig.1). It is located 47-38= 9° below Cape Race,
Newfoundland, confirming the discovery of Bermuda by the 9th king Unas. The Central Azores consist of five islands, which confirms it happened in the Fifth Dynasty.
The East Azores are represented by a triangle, with three sides and angles (Fig.1). However, it
consists of two islands. So, these confirm the discovery of Bermuda, at 30+2= 32°N, again. –
The island of São Miguel (East Azores) is located at 38°N, which is 38-33= 5° above Madeira
(Fig.1). It confirms this discovery in the Fifth Dynasty, again.
The two islands of Madeira (Fig.1) are located at 33°N. These confirm the 33 years of reign
of king Unas (c.2403-2370 BC), who discovered the Return Route from Abaco Island via
Bermuda to the Azores.
It corresponds with the surface area of America (without Greenland) of (18+15=) 33 square
Moiras, or 40.7 million km2 (officially 40.3 million km2, deviation of +1.0%). Madeira is located 33-15= 18° above the southern Cape Verde islands, encoding the surface area of the discovered continent of North America (without Greenland) of 18 square Moiras, or 22.2 million
km2 (officially 22.5 million km2, deviation of -1.3%). These islands are located at 15°N, encoding the surface area of the discovered continent of South America of 15 square Moiras, or
18.5 million km2 (officially 17.8 million km2, deviation of +3.9%). (Refs.2-20,34-39)
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