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Similaire à India's Mughal Decline and Rise of British Power in Bengal
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India's Mughal Decline and Rise of British Power in Bengal
- 1. India in the Time of Clive Mughal Decline Carnatic Wars Bengal
- 2. Greatest extent of Mughal Empire
- 3. 1724 Hyderabad governor breaks with Mughals
- 4. Maratha Confederacy (Empire) • Grandson of rebel Shivaji, revives Maratha push for independence • Power granted to hereditary family of chief ministers who become the real leaders after 1749
- 6. A Weak Mughal Empire • 1735 Marathas control Malwa and Gujirat • 1737 Marathas defeat Mughal army at Battle of Delhi – Sack Delhi
- 7. 1739 Persian invasion • Nader Shah defeats larger Mughal armies in battles at Khyber Pass and Karnal • Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah is captured • Persian troops plunder and sack Delhi
- 8. Sack of Delhi • Muhammad Shah sues for peace – Territory is returned – Peacock throne, symbol of empire, is taken Replacement for Peacock Throne ~1850
- 9. Carnatic Wars • Indian conflict between Arcot and Hyderabad (Nizam) • British forts at Madras and Cuddalore
- 10. War of the Austrian Succession 1740 Begun in Europe and involved multiple powers 1742 Britain joins, largely in defense of Hanover English and French East India Companies discuss non-aggression
- 11. First Carnatic War • François Dupleix French governor-general at Pondicherry 1745 Royal Navy squadron captured some French merchant ships; fights inconclusive battle with French EIC fleet
- 12. French Siege of Madras, 1746
- 13. Surrender of Madras, Swebach 1769-1823
- 14. Sepoys • 1677 EIC uses natives as auxiliaries and support • 1744 French recruit and train a native troop battalion • Effective use in the capture of Madras
- 15. Styche Hall, Birthplace of Robert Clive, (after 1760)
- 16. Robert Clive • Terrible youth • 1744 Clerk in Madras • 1746 Captured after French takeover of Madras
- 17. Clive’s Escape • Escapes from French captiivty, disguised as an Indian • Travels to Fort St. David, Cuddalore • Participates in its defense
- 18. Madras • Dupleix wants to turn Madras over to Nawab of Carnatic while his naval commander wants to give it to EIC for ransom • Nawab attacks and is defeated by the French
- 19. Battle of Cuddalore 1746 Force under Nawab of Carnatic repulses French attack on Fort St. David, Madras 1748 French attack Cuddalore is defeated by Major Stringer Lawrence 1748 Royal Navy fleet carrying army troops fails in siege of Pondicherry Stringer Lawrence, Gainsborough
- 20. Siege of Pondicherry ends with Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle
- 21. Stringer Lawrence Becomes first commander of combined army of East India Company “Father of the Indian Army”
- 22. Some Commanders-in-Chief • Robert Clive (1756-1760) • Eyre Coote (1761-1763) – Came to India with the 39th Regiment of Foot • Hector Munro (1764-1765) • Clive (1765-1767)
- 25. Second Carnatic War (1749-1754) • Indian conflict between Arcot (Carnatic) and Hyderabad (Nizam) • British forts at Madras and Cuddalore • British and French support for local rulers
- 27. Second Carnatic War Hyderabad Carnatic 174 8 Death of Nizam-al-Mulk Grandson, Muzaffar Jang (F) Son, Nasir Jang (B) Nawab Anwar-ud-Din killed at Ambar Chanda Sahib (F) Mohammad Ali (B) 175 0 Nasir Jang defeated at Pondicherry Mohammad Ali defeated at Gingee 175 1 Siege of Arcot, and other British victories 175 3 Failed French siege of Trinchinopoly 175 5 Peace: French get Northern Circars Mohammad Ali recognized as Nawab of Carnatic
- 28. Attack on Arcot
- 29. Third Carnatic War Part of Seven Years War – Maritime conflicts between Britain and France; Britain and Spain – Conflicts over colonies – Defense of Hanover
- 30. Madras 1758 Siege by French Navy of Madras 1759 Relieved by British Navy 1760 British counterattack – Capture of Wandiwash 1761 Siege and capture of Ponidcherry
- 31. 1760 Wandiwash
- 32. India in the Time of Clive
- 33. EIC and Calcutta 1690 Given revenue control of three villages Collector • Judicial powers – Revenue cases – Civil cases – Criminal cases – Appeals of civil cases and capital punishment to Nawab of Bengal
- 34. Calcutta 1717 • William Hamilton cures Mughal Emperor • Award of a firman for Orissa, Bihar, Bengal – Freedom from customs for yearly payment of 3,000 rupees; Issue dastaks or passes of tax- exemption – Assistance in establishing other factories – Prevention of molestation by local officials – Right to mint coins – Right to add other villages to holdings
- 35. 1756 Bengal • Siraj ud-Daulah becomes nawab • Issues – Fears stemming from British conduct in Carnatic – Company abuse of dustaks (free-trade passes) – Harboring enemies of the nawab – Expansion of fortifications at Calcutta (and French expansion at Chandernagore)
- 36. 1756 Calcutta • British refuse demand of Siraj • Fort William, Calcutta attacked and overrun • Retaliation
- 37. 1757 Chandernagore English – Bengal regiment (250) – Madras and Bombay detachments (~400) – European artillery (150) – Sepoys (1,500) – Royal naval force with 39th foot • French – European infantry (146) – Local militia (~300) – Sepoys (~300)
- 38. 1757 Capture of Chandnigore Dominic Serres, 1771, RMG
- 39. Road to Plassey • Recovery of Calcutta • Peace Treaty after Recovery – Confirmation of 1717 rights – Dustaks for Bengal, Bihar and Orissa – Compensation for losses – Right of fortification – Mint
- 40. Video History of British India Professor Lal. Lecture 6 excerpt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= WzGmwtwqJbA
- 41. India in the Time of Clive
Notes de l'éditeur
- Robert Clive was born in September 1725 at Styche Hall, near the village of Moreton Say near Market Drayton. Spoiled His father, Richard, was a lawyer and a former MP, but his fortunes were declining fast. Styche Hall was falling down, and Robert was one of 13 children his father had to feed. At the age of three Robert, the eldest son, was sent to live with childless relatives in Manchester, who spoiled him rotten. Robert Clive (Shrewsbury Museums Service) Robert Clive So much so that the young Clive was completely uncontrollable when he returned to live with his parents. He is reputed to have climbed the tower of St Mary's Parish Church in Market Drayton and perched on a gargoyle, frightening passers by down below. But his most shocking exploit concerned what we would now call a protection racket he set up in the town. He and a gang of youths he led extorted money from Market Drayton's shopkeepers. Faced with the choice of paying up or receiving a visit from Clive and his boys, most decided to pay. If his behaviour generally was bad, in school it was worse - he was expelled from three, including Market Drayton Grammar School. Clive early life audio Robert Clive's early life > Help playing audio/video Finally Clive's long-suffering father could stand no more, and the young man was packed off to India aged 17 (or 18, depending on your source!) as a clerk in the East India Company in Madras.
- A handful of these prisoners led by Robert Clive, a young clerk, dressed up as natives and managed to slip out of their prison. Once outside they were challenged by real Indians, who spoke to them in languages they didn't understand. Clive and his companions hurried on before they could be exposed. After a three-day journey, made mostly by night, they reached Fort St David hundred miles away carrying news of the disastrous French attack on Madras.[7] The story of Clive's escape was the first to bring him wider attention
- his fears that the Europeans might create a similar situation in Bengal also were not quite unfounded. The following words which the Select Committee at Madras addressed to that in Calcutta in l756, are revealling: "We need not represent to you the great advantage which, we think, it will be to the military operations and the influence it will have in the Nawab's councils to effect a junction with any powers in the Provinces of Bengal that may be dissatisfied with the violence of the Nawab’s Government or that may have pretensions to the Subahship."
- Lying ten miles up river from Calcutta, Chandernagore was the administrative centre of the French East India Company. The battle there was one of the many fought between the French and English on the sub-continent during the Seven Years War, 1759-63. It gave the East India Company effective control of Calcutta and the Bengal hinterland. Britain finished the war as the dominant European power in India, and was well-placed to take advantage of the weakening political and economic power of the Moghul Empire. Chandernagore’s capture after a ten-day bombardment by Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Clive and Rear-Admiral Watson was the first step in the British driving the French from Bengal. The French who escaped took shelter with the Nawab, whom Clive shortly afterwards defeated at Plassey. This ended the French influence in Bengal. This painting commemorates the event some 14 years later. It shows Watson’s ships, ‘Kent’, ‘Tiger’ and ‘Salisbury’ firing on the town and fort from an anchored position. The action is close to land and the buildings along the shoreline are clearly identifiable. The leading ship, the ‘Tiger’ is on the right of the picture, and in the centre is the ‘Kent’ with a couple of boats under her stern. It is flying Rear-Admiral Watson’s flag on the foremast and a red flag giving the signal to the ships to engage at the main. Both these ships are firing on the fort and on the far left the ‘Salisbury’ is also firing on the town. The effect of the smoke from the guns and fires can be seen blowing over the land to the right. It is signed and dated ‘D. Serres.1771’. Read more at http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/11870.html#HrELS5yTGXErmToB.99