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Similaire à 6 f2015 English Civil War - Colonies, Army, Women
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6 f2015 English Civil War - Colonies, Army, Women
- 1. Aspects of the Civil Wars Involvement of Colonies Involvement of Women New Modelled Army Changes in the Builtscape
- 2. Colonies and the Civil War
- 3. Battle of Blanck Point, April 1644 • A ship from Bristol was spotted trading with Virginians by two larger London ships (Parl.) – Attacked on excuse that Virginians would not trade with Londoners – Several casualties – Bristol ship escapes to shallow water • Triggers Powhaten raid • June London privateer seizes Bristol ship in Massachusetts
- 4. Maryland 1649 Maryland loyal to Charles II 1649 Maryland Toleration Act, or Act Concerning Religion, mandated religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians. 1654 Commonwealth forces take over 1655 Ousted Governor Stone (a protestant appointed by Calvert) returns and is defeated at the Battle of the Severn 1657 Puritans recognize authority of Lord Baltimore and restore totleration
- 5. Toleration Act Hate speech Anyone calling a person a “heritick, Scismatick, Idolator, puritan, Independant, Prespiterian popish prest, Jesuite, Jesuited papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist, Antinomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, or any other name or terme in a reproachfull manner relating to matter of Religion” shall be fined
- 6. Toleration act • No one believing in Jesus Christ shall be molested or prevented from free exercise of their religion • No one shall be compelled to profess belief or exercise in any other religion than their own
- 7. Massachusetts • 1554 Act to prohibit bringing in Irish – Ask Parliament to forbid import
- 9. Caribbean • 1639-1641 Ban on tobacco production in conjunction with French West Indies – Reaction to glut on market • 1641 Rebellion in St. Christopher over payments during these yeas – Put down by governor • 1642 2nd rebellion demands trial in England – Planters granted representative assembly
- 10. Sugar in Barbados 1642 Introduced by Dutch−Feedstock, fuel, rum 1644 Larger plantations export sugar 1645 Boston slave traders pick up cargo of wine, salt, sugar, and tobacco in exchange for slaves
- 11. Sugar Mansion: Drax Hall, Barbados
- 13. Sugar Mansion St. Nicholas Abbey
- 14. Under Commonwealth and Protectorate • Transport criminals and vagrants to West Indies, primarily Barbados but also Jamaica • Indenture • Many move to Montserrat
- 15. East India Company • 1654 Company loses its monopoly charter. • 1657 Cromwell renews the charter – Grants the EIC right to govern the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena as supply station
- 16. Women and the Civil Wars
- 17. Roles • Defend castles in husbands absence • Petition, demonstrate, protest • Visit jailed husbands • Construct siegeworks
- 18. Petition • Elizabeth Lilburne and her companions in petitioned and were told that it was not for women to petition, they should stay at home and wash the dishes • She replied “Sir, We have scarce any dishes left us to wash, and those we have we are not sure to keep them.”
- 19. Abuse • Birth rates rose in areas after armies passed through • Case of MW
- 20. Armies • Drummer • Mary the scout • Cook • Nurse
- 21. Employment • The wages of male harvesters rose much higher than those of women especially for skills such as scything which women were not expected to practisce. • Wages of reapers, a job done predominantly by women with sickles rose higher than those of men, reflecting the shortage of women to do such work.
- 22. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) Morgan Williams, Wales, innkeeper and brewer, marries sister of Thomas Cromwell Richard Williams changes name to Cromwell. Receives former church lands Sir Henry Cromwell builds on sites of Benedictine abbey and convent Oliver Cromwell Robert Cromwell Oliver Cromwell, General, Protector "Ramsey Abbey 1" by Chris Stafford. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramsey_Abbey _1.jpg#/media/File:Ramsey_Abbey_1.jpg Summer residence, HenryWinter residence, Henry
- 24. Promotions July 1642, delegated by Commons to prevent transfer of Cambridge U plate to Charles; raises cavalry company February 1643, From captain to colonel • To deputies “You must act lively; do it without distraction. Neglect no means”; “Service must be done. Command you and be obeyed!” February 1644, As de facto commander of cavalry, appointed lieutenant-general
- 25. Composition of New Model Army • 11 cavalry regiments of 600 men • 12 infantry regiments of 1200 men – 2/3 musketeers; 1/3 pikemen • 1 regiment of dragoons of 1000 men • Artillery train of 50 guns
- 26. Command • Sir Thomas Fairfax, captain general • Philip Skippon, major-general of foot • Oliver Cromwell, lieutenant-general of horse • Thomas Hammond, lieutenant-general of ordnance
- 27. A ‘Slighted’ Castle: Raglan, Monmouthshire
- 28. Sherborne Old Castle, Dorset
Notes de l'éditeur
- The Oxford English Dictionary dated the earliest use of the phrase "New Model Army" to the works of the Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle in 1845, and the exact term does not appear in 17th or 18th century documents. Records from February 1646 refer to the "New Modelled Army"—the idiom of the time being to refer to an army that was "new-modelled" rather than appending the word "army" to "new model"
- Without any warning they glided alongside their prey and opened fire. Their shot tore down some of the Bristolman’s rigging killing a Virginian planter and injuring several of her crew. 13 It is likely that they fired high in order to minimise any damage to their intended prize and frighten their victim into surrender. What they did not anticipate was that their prey would fight back and, in de Vries words, ‘…a sharp engagement…’ ensued. The Royalist captain quickly cut his anchor cable and used the in-coming tide manoeuvred his vessel into a creek that was too shallow for his larger attackers to follow. First Colonial battle related to events in England In MA, Despite Parliamentarian sympathies the authorities in Massachusetts realised that maritime trade was so important that they could not afford to refuse to trade with English ships from Royalist ports but equally they could not afford to allow rival captains to attack each other as and when they pleased.
- "Old synagogue in Belleville, Bridgetown, Barbados" by Sandboxiguana (talk) - I created this work entirely by myself.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_synagogue_in_Belleville,_Bridgetown,_Barbados.JPG#/media/File:Old_synagogue_in_Belleville,_Bridgetown,_Barbados.JPG
- Drax Hall was built by the brothers William and James Drax in the 1650's. The brothers built Drax Hall as one of the earliest and biggest sugar properties in Barbados. They were a wealthy and well connected family that had a special love for Barbados. There were others like them, for Barbados prospered with sugar and its plantation owners held considerable influence at home and abroad.
- St.Nicholas Abbey, located in the parish of St.Peter, was built in 1658 and is one of only three genuine Jacobean mansions in the Western Hemisphere.
- On May 12th, 1644, it reported that the Countess of Derby had, since April 10th, that year, taken seven pieces of cannon, a mortar-piece, many colours, and killed above 600 rebels, 'many of whose bodies lie too near the house, which are not fetched off by either side'. It also claimed that the Parliamentarian commander, Colonel Moore, Women wer active protester against varying taxes. commanded that a cannon be charged with chain shot to kill the countess and her children during a parley but that the cannoneers refused to co-operate.
- Elizabeth Lilburne, leveller, and her companions in 1649 telling her that it was not for women to petition, they should stay at home and wash the dishes, to which she replied 'Sir, We have scarce any dishes left us to wash, and those we have we are not sure to keep them'.
- MW, who returned from Ireland to Liverpool when the Royalists: took Liverpool, and killed my husband, and a child, both before my face and stripped, and wounded me, and a child of five years old; and it was thought I could not live...but our cause was God's and our enemies (were) popish rebels;...so I took it patiently...and in this confidence did rejoice with my wounded child and little daughter, in a barn where we were put, having gotten a piece of an old Bible. The incident which she was describing took place in June 1644, when Prince Rupert had stormed Liverpool. She gave her account at a meeting of an Independent church in London where it was recorded by the minister.
- A drummer belonging to the regiment in the Tower proves to be a woman, and hath been brought to bed of a boy, and lies-in near East-Smithfield, she was of good report, and her comrade was her husband. Women acted as spies for both sides. Sir Thomas Fairfax ordered the payment of L10 to 'Mary the scout' for 'special service done by her at Taunton' in 1645 Mrs Rudman, wife of a local man, was the garrison cook until dismissed in 1645 with a payment of ten shillings, Mrs Judith Massey from Epworth in Lincolnshire seems to have made it business, for she was paid L10 for caring for 150 soldiers after the battle of Marston Moor. Medical care for soldiers on the field was of the most rudimentary kind: surgeons and apothecaries travelled with the armies, but there was little they could do for injured soldiers who had usually to be left behind in the care of local people when the army moved on. Illness in the larger armies was a serious problem and there were several devastating outbreaks of camp fever in and around the Royalist headquarters at Oxford.
- During the English Civil War dragoons were used for a variety of tasks: providing outposts, holding defiles or bridges in the front or rear of the main army, lining hedges or holding enclosures, and providing dismounted musketeers to support regular cavalry.[8] Supplied with inferior horses and more basic equipment, the dragoon regiments were cheaper to recruit and maintain than the expensive regiments of cavalry. Leaders Edward Whalley, wool draper, son of sheriff Charles Fleetwood, lawyer Nathaniel rich, lawyer Henry Ireton, politician law Edward Rossiter, college Robert Hammond, college wo degree Edward Manotagu, gentry John Pickering, gentry Thomas Rainsborough, son of admiral Philip Skippon, professional military Richard Ingoldsby, genry Hardress Waller, gentry
- Deliberatley destroyed Lord Herbert left the castle to join the campaign against Parliament, returning at intervals to acquire more funds for the war.[27] Charles I himself visited the castle twice, first in June 1645 after the battle of Naseby and again in 1646, when he enjoyed playing bowls on the castle's green.[28] The Royalist cause was now close to military collapse, and the Marquess started to send some valuables, including the oak panelling from the parlour, some plaster ceiling and many pictures, to his brother at nearby Troy House for safe-keeping.[29] Lord Herbert was captured in Ireland, and an attack on Raglan itself appeared imminent.[29] The slighted side of the Great Tower In the expectation of a siege, the castle garrison was increased to around 800 soldiers; the avenue of trees outside the castle gates were cut down, and neighbouring buildings destroyed to avoid them being used by Parliamentary forces.[30] Large amounts of food were brought in to support the growing castle community, which also included a number of the wider Herbert family and other regional Royalist leaders who had sought shelter there.[31] The first Parliamentary army arrived in early June, under the command of Colonel Morgan and Sir Trevor Williams.[32] After several calls for the castle to surrender, a siege ensued, lasting through the summer months.[31] In August, additional Parliamentary forces under General Fairfax arrived, and calls for the castle to surrender were renewed.[33] Fairfax's men began to dig trenches towards the castle, and used these to move mortars forward, probably including the famous "Roaring Meg", bringing the interior of the castle into artillery range.[33] Facing a hopeless situation, the Marquess surrendered the castle on 19 August on relatively generous terms for the garrison.[33] The Marquess himself was arrested and sent to Windsor Castle, where he died shortly afterwards.[33] Fairfax ordered the castle to be totally destroyed under the supervision of Henry Herbert, a descendant of William ap Thomas.[34] The fortifications proved too strong, however, and only a few of the walls were destroyed, or slighted.[34] Historian Matthew Johnson describes the event as having the atmosphere of a "community festival", as local people dredged the castle moat in search of treasure, and emptied the fishponds of valuable carp.[35] The castle's library, including an important collection of Welsh documents and books, was either stolen or destroyed
- In the Civil War Sherborne was strongly Royalist, and the old castle was left in ruins by General Fairfax of the Parliamentary forces in 1645.