This presentation was given together with Marjon Baas. To gain more insight into practices of reuse of open learning materials, a survey study has been conducted in two different settings: 1) within a Bachelor program for ICT offered within one institution and 2) in a national Community of Practice on Bachelor of Nursing. A total of 74 teachers responded on the survey for ICT and 118 teachers for Nursing. An overview of results: Learning materials most used (overall) Nursing: Slide decks, assignments, video; ICT: Assignments, slide decks, video Learning materials most reused as-is (relative) Nursing: Papers, video, 3rd party courses; ICT: Papers, digital books, digital tools (e.g. online coding environment) Learning materials most reused with adaptations (relative) Nursing: Courses from colleagues, slide decks, assignments; ICT: Courses from colleagues, 3rd party courses, slide decks Learning materials created with no or limited reuse (relative) Nursing: Tests, games, slide decks; ICT: Tests, assignments, slide decks Chi-square tests have been executed to find out if observed differences on the use of learning materials are statistically significant. These tests revealed that reuse is significantly more common among teachers in ICT than in Nursing. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the types of learning materials used by teachers in the two settings. Possible explanations for these results as provided by participants during a presentation are differences in pedagogy, different demands from society on the programs and ICT professionals being more accustomed to reuse. Additional research is needed to explore these differences. In the coming months, we plan to execute the survey within several Universities of Applied Sciences across different disciplines to gain more insight in the extent and the different types of reuse. The results can be used to provide more tailored support to teachers on adoption of OER. In the presentation we will report and discuss the results of this study.

1. How about reuse?
Robert Schuwer & Marjon Baas
1

2. About the presenters
• Robert Schuwer | @OpenRobert55 | Professor Open Educational
Resources | UNESCO chair OER | GO-GN member
• Marjon Baas | @oerbaas | EdTech Advisor | PhD student | GO-GN
member

3. Agenda
• Why this research?
• Approach
• Some results
• Future plans

4. Why this research?
• Research on practices of reuse is scarce (Beaven, 2018)
– Exception: barriers for reuse
– ‘Dark reuse’ (Wiley, 2009)

5. Why this research?
• June 2018
• Context: Fontys School of ICT
• My manager: how about reuse
in Fontys School of ICT?
• May 2018
• Context: Project “Bachelor
Nursing Together”
• 17 UoAS Bachelor Nursing
• Aim: Towards creating and
sharing of OER in a
Community of Practice
• Research: initial status?
5

6. Approach
• Survey
• Target group: teachers
• One course
• Information about:
– What types of learning materials are reused?
– How are these learning materials reused?
– How about sharing of adapted learning materials?

7. Model: Open Education Cycle
(Hodgkinson-Williams, Arinto, Cartmill & King, 2017)

8. Model: Re‐use process for teachers
(Clements & Pawlowski, 2012)

9. Model: Continuum of Open Practice
(Stagg, 2014)

10. Some results
ICT
• N=82
• 74 teachers
Nursing
• N=118
• 116 teachers
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11. Types of learning materials used
ICT Nursing
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12. Origin of learning materials
• ICT • Nursing
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13. Accessibility (reused) learning materials
• ICT • Nursing
13

14. Statistical significant differences
• Types of learning materials used (Χ2(10)=41.280,
p<0.05)
– Nursing program more rigid (more use of articles, tests,
interactive games (practicing skills))
– More student-centered pedagogy in ICT-program (more use of
(parts of) courses, no exams)

15. Statistical significant differences
• Amount of reuse (Χ2(3)=17.048, p<0.05)
– ICT program much more reuse of learning materials of 3rd parties
(stimulated by management; reuse is a natural thing to do for IT-
people, used on open source software)

16. Future plans
• Survey on national level
– June – October 2019
– First results
• OER Reuse Hub?
– Inspired by OER Hub @OUUK

17. Sneak preview: motivation for reuse

18. Sneak preview: awareness of open licenses

19. r.schuwer@fontys.nl
m.a.a.baas@saxion.nl

20. Colophon
These slides are available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
References
Beaven, T. (2018). ‘Dark reuse’: an empirical study of teachers’ OER engagement. Open Praxis, 10(4), 377-391.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.10.4.889
Clements, K. I., & Pawlowski, J. M. (2012). User-oriented quality for OER: Understanding teachers’ views on re-use, quality, and trust. Journal of Computer
Assisted Learning, 28(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00450.x
Hodgkinson-Williams, C., Arinto, P. B., Cartmill, T. & King, T. (2017). Factors influencing Open Educational Practices and OER in the Global South: Meta-
synthesis of the ROER4D project. In C. Hodgkinson-Williams & P. B. Arinto (Eds.), Adoption and impact of OER in the Global South (pp. 27–67). DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037088
Stagg, A. (2014). OER adoption: a continuum for practice. RUSC. Universities and Knowledge Society Journal, 11(3). pp. 151-164. doi
http://dx.doi.org/10.7238/rusc.v11i3.2102
Wiley, D. (2009). Dark Matter, Dark Reuse, and the Irrational Zeal of a Believer. Iterating Toward Openness [blog post]. Retrieved from
http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/905
Pictures
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Thank You. CC0 RawPixel https://pixabay.com/photos/wood-chalkboard-wooden-old-antique-3190203/