4. Equality vs. Elitism
• Educational equity, is a measure of achievement, fairness, and opportunity
in education.
• Fairness
• Inclusion
• Elitism is the belief or attitude that some individuals who form an elite are
those whose influence or authority is greater than that of others
5. Program for International Student
Assessment (PISA)
OECD
15-year-old kids
Mathematics, Science, and Reading.
First performed in 2000
Repeated every three years
Measures problem solving and cognition in daily life.
9. Government Expenditure on Education
• Finland : 15 billions ( 7.2% of it’s GDP)
• Germany 168 billions(4.8% of it’s GDP)
• United States 880 billions (5.3% of it’s GDP)
• Singapore 12 billions (3% of it’s GDP)
• Taiwan 26 billions (5% of our GDP )
12. • Finaland’s experience showsthat it is possible to achieve excellence
by focusing not on competition, but on cooperation, not on choice, but
on equity. ---Pasi Sahlberg