The document provides information on the Dada art movement that emerged after World War 1. It discusses key figures like Tristan Tzara and Marcel Duchamp. It describes Dadaist characteristics such as using techniques like collage, photomontage and readymades to provoke and critique art, culture and politics. The document also discusses how Dadaism influenced later movements like Surrealism and Pop Art.
2. Dada: the outbreak of the crisis
Dadaísm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWBAnsPRnko
3. After WWI: rejection of logic and love for the absurd
Tristan Tzara, (1896-1963) French poet born in Rumania,
founder of dadaism (1916) along with Hugo Ball and Hans Harp,
first in Zurich in the Cabaret Voltaire, then in Paris.
Dadaist Manifesto, Tristan Tzara, May 28, 1918:
"... I am neither for, nor against, and also do not explain it,
because I hate common sense ...
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain,
1917
MA Rosa M. Brito
4. Dadaism
Characteristics a) It seeks to provoke through propaganda
b) It criticizes art itself, culture and the
bourgeoisie
c) It criticizes politics, and it´s anticapitalist and anti-fascist militancy
d) This trend will lead to Surrealism,
Conceptual Art and Pop Art
Techniques
Photomontage
Collage
“Ready made”
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6. Frances Picabia, Italian artist
Daughter Born without Mother, 1916-17
Amorous Parade, 1917
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7. Marcel Duchamp, French artist, 1887-1968
• In 1913 he invented the ready-made concept: everyday
objects as works of art.
•Duchamp places ordinary objects in unusual places.
•The object is not important, but the idea behind it.
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8. The Secret of Marcel Duchamp,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leUv-GZbE54
9. Dadaist influence in Literature
“To make a Dadaist poem:
Take a newspaper. Take a pair of
scissors.
Choose an article as long as you are
planning to make your poem.
Cut out the article.
Then cut out each of the words that
make up this article and put them in a
bag.
Shake it gently. Then take out the
scraps one after the other in the order
in which they left the bag.
Copy conscientiously.
The poem will be like you.
And here you are a writer, infinitely
original and endowed with a sensibility
that is charming though beyond the
understanding of the vulgar.”
Tristan Tzara, Seven Dada Manifests
(1924)
Darrel Elmore
Oct. 31
of name with North means exhibit
Greenland Northwest of "the people,"
vast
masks material tribes and Kwakiutl Haida
Arctic peoples areas the
regions Through an Labrador dealing the
across Coast exhibit inhabit
Nootka and arts second A Alaska Native
books Americans the the
and of honors Canada the and of and who
the includes Inuit
of whose and
Dada poems, Alberto Rios, Magical Realism
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10. Activity
• Work in pairs.
• In a sheet of paper write
both names.
• Engage in a dynamic where
both of you take turns to say
the first word that comes to
your mind. Write them down
until you have a least 10
unrelated words.
• On the side of your listing,
draw the visual concept of your
words, trying NOT find logic or
make sense of it.
• You have done a dadaist
drawing !
Dadaism, Argentinian animated short from Universidad de Buenos Aires
MA Rosa M. Brito
11. Surrealism: the awakening of the
unconsciousness
In the words of Breton,
(Surrealist Manifest,
1924), surrealism is
"pure psychic
automatism, by which an
attempt is made to
express, either verbally,
in writing or in any other
manner, the true
functioning of thought.
The dictation of
thought, in the absence
of all control by reason,
excluding any aesthetic
or moral preoccupation."
Bruce Holwerda, Synchronicity, 2005
Paraphrase Betron´s words
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12. Characteristics:
• Origins: Paris, 1920´s. Evolves from Dadaism, but it is more
artistic, less violent in its proposals. It emerges from the
literary world.
• Theoretical base: Freud´s interpretation of dreams , its
psychoanalytical methods and the study of the subconscious ,
were adopted by the surrealists. Freud cites The Talmud "A
dream that is not interpreted is like a letter that is not
opened" .
• Themes,
rupture with the conventional social: introduction
of metaphor landscapes, unconscious desires, rejection of the
academy, psychoanalysis, dreams and their interpretation,
paradox, the subconscious, rejection of logic.
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14. Joan Miró, 1893- 1983, the abstract vision of surrealism:
metaphor landscapes
Paisaje Catalán, 1924-25
15. René Magritte (1898-1967), Belgian painter
“A painter transmits his ideas through art. He appeals to the
intelligence of the viewer not to the human eye. “
René Magritte
The Lovers, 1928
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17. René Magritte, a retrospective
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ASc1OWbQSQ
18. Museum Rene Magritte, Brussels, Belgium
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyhccqYewAE
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19. Salvador Dalí, 1904-1989, Catalan painter
“The only difference between me and the Surrealists is that I
am Surrealism. “ Dalí declares when he is expelled from the
surrealist group in Paris
“…Don´t be afraid of perfection, you will never reach it…”
Persistence of
Memory, 1931
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21. Sueño causado por el vuelo
de una abeja alrededor de
una granada unos segundos
antes de despertar,
1944
22. La Tentation de Saint Antoine, 1946
Galatea de las Esferas,
1952
El Gran Masturbador, 1929
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23. Un chien andalou, Dalí and Buñuel, 1928
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pib9zv1dHcE
24. Surrealist expressions
Jacek Yerka, polish
painter, 1952http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=yrMKY3EFJOQ
Rafal Olbinski, Friendly Persuasion
Ben Goossens, Lost Roots
Inception, Christopher Nolan, movie 2010
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz80yYvnWg4
Escher, Relativity, 1953
25. Activity
• Read the poem by Federico García Lorca or the poem by
Tristan Tzara.
• Choose some elements from the poem and combine them
in a surrealist drawing.
• The elements in your drawing should connect with one
another and with the poem.
MA Rosa M. Brito
26. Tristan Tzara (1896-1963)
The Great Lament Of My Obscurity Three
where we live the flowers of the clocks catch fire and the plumes encircle the
brightness in the distant sulphur morning the cows lick the salt lilies
my son
my son
let us always shuffle through the colour of the world
which looks bluer than the subway and astronomy
we are too thin
we have no mouth
our legs are stiff and knock together
our faces are formeless like the stars
crystal points without strength burned basilica
mad : the zigzags crack
telephone
bite the rigging liquefy
the arc
climb
astral
memory
towards the north through its double fruit
like raw flesh
hunger fire blood
27. The road to abstraction
In 20th. Century painting, the object has been subjected to all
types of experiments:
• reduced to color in Fauvism,
• geometrized in Cubism,
• distorted in Expressionism,
• ridicule in Dadaism
• transformed to metaphor in Surrealism
Now, the abstract art proceeds to the elimination of the
object altogether.
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28. The abstract artists get rid of figurative elements to
concentrate in the expressiveness of shapes and colors with no
relation to a visual reality:
• the artwork acquires an autonomous reality,
• no connection with nature,
• no representation of humans, landscapes, nor objects.
About this new language
of color and form, the
Rusian artist, Wasily
Kandinsky said: “in
painting, a round spot
can be more expressive
and meaningful than a
human figure”
Black and
purple, 1924
(Artelista.com)
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29. Neoplasticism.
The cubist revolution develops in The Netherlands thanks to
the constitution of a group of artists around the publishing of
a magazine De Stijl (The Style), published between 1917 and
1926. Its objective was to look for reality through its escence.
“De Stijl aspired to a universal expression” (translated from
Arte de España)
Characteristics of Neoplasticism:
• Geometric forms
• Primary colors
• Straight lines
• Perpendicular planes
• “The theme loses all relevance, line and color are the only
vehicles to express the content of a painting” (translated from
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Arte en España)
30. Piet Mondrian, 1872-1944, Dutch artist
• Mondrian style goes beyond reducing reality to form and
color. His sense of abstraction took him to vertical and
horizontal lines, opposed and in equilibrium, forming right
angles.
• He worked with primary colors: blue, red and yellow, and the
absence of color: black, white and grey.
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34. The Bauhaus School
One of the most impressive phenomenon of the 20´s was the
creation of the Bauhaus School, in Weimar, Germany, in 1919,
by the architect Walter Gropius (1883-1969)
“The Bauhaus believes the machine to be our modern medium
of design and seeks to come to terms with it”
“Architects, painters, and sculptors must recognize anew the
composite character of a building as an entity…Together let us
conceive and create the new building of the future, which will
embrace architecture and sculpture and painting in one unity
and which will rise one day toward heaven from the hands of a
million workers like the crystal symbol of a new faith” (The
Bauhaus Manifest and Program, Walter Gropius, 1919)
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35.
36. The Chair Machine
• “In the beginning of the 1920's the German-Hungarian
architect Marcel Breuer created an armchair with a
framework of nickeled tubular steel and a seat of leather”.
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