Conditionals of English ...

1. LECTURER: UCH BUNCHHIENG
TOPIC: CONDITIONAL OF ENGLISH
Name: ID:
SIN ROTHA 20112869
SANG SELA 20113369
SANG CHHANAK 20111184
POV LIMENG 20113620
PERN VIREAK 20111685

2. Zero Conditional: Certainty
USE: The Zero conditional is used for things that are
always true as long as the condition is met.
Formation: if + present simple, + present simple
Example:
• If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
• If I drink coffee, I get headache.
NOTE: In these examples, the result will always occur if the
condition is met, so the time is not important.

3. First Conditional: A real possibility in
the future
USE: A First Conditional sentence is for future actions
dependent on the result of another future action or
event, where there is a reasonable possibility of the conditions
for the action being satisfied .
Formation: If + present simple, S + will + V1 + Obj.
EXAMPLE: If she gets good grades, she will go to university.
We are talking about the future, but we use a present tense
for the condition and will for the result. In this case, the
person is sure about going to university.

4. Notice We can use other modal verbs in the
result part of the sentence. For example
IF Condition Result Possibility
If she gets good grades, She will go to university. If the condition is met,
then she definitely will
go
If he gets good grades, He may go to university. He is not sure about
going to university.
If she gets good grades, She should go to The speaker is expressing
university. his or her opinion, giving
advice.
If he gets good grades, He can go to university. This means that it is
possible.
If she gets good grades, She could go to This means that it is
university. possible, but not that
likely.
If he gets good grades, He might go to This means that it is
university. possible, but not that
likely.

5. Negative Form: If + present simple, S + will + not + V1 + Obj.
Example: If you love her, you will not happy everyday
He will not get something if he play card.
Question Form: If+ present simple, will + S + V1 + Obj.
For question form: it can be used with Wh-question: “What,
where, when, how, .….”
Example: If you go to visit Angkor Wat, what will you see?
If he need to do homework, when will he do?
Notice We can also use different present forms in the condition
part of the sentence like present simple, present progressive,
present perfect, etc.

6. Second Conditional: Imaginary Present or Unlikely
Future
USE: The Second Conditional can be used to talk about
imaginary present situations, where we are imagining
something different from what is really the case. We can
also use it to talk about things in the future that are
unlikely to happen, as the condition is unlikely to be met.
• We use the past tense in the condition part and would
for the result part.
Formation: If + past simple, S + would + base form

7. For Example:
A Condition Time Result Possibility
past simple Present WOULD + base Impossible
verb
If I had the time, I would learn I don't have the
Italian. time, so I'm not
going to learn
Italian.
past simple Future WOULD + base Unlikely
verb
If I won the lottery I would travel There's a very
around the small chance of
world. winning the
lottery, so the
trip is unlikely

8. We can use other modal verbs in the past tense
in the result part of the sentence:
IF Condition Result Certainty
past simple WOULD + base verb
If I had the time, I would learn Italian. Although unlikely to
happen, the speaker is sure
that they would do it given
the opportunity.
If I had more time, I might learn English. Although unlikely to
happen, it is only a
possibility anyway.
If I had more time, I should learn some more Although unlikely to
about IT. happen, the speaker is
saying that it would be a
good idea, but is not
committed to it.
If I had more time I could learn Thailand. Although unlikely to
happen, it is only a
possibility anyway.

9. Negative Form: If + past simple, S + would + not + V1 + Obj.
Example: If you went to sleep early, you would not look sleepy
now.
He would not spend too much for clothes If he were
Robben.
Question Form: If + past simple, would + S + V1 + Obj.?
Notice : We can use WH word in to the question sentence.
Example:
• If I gave you a lot of money, what would you do?
• If you were the government, what would you do to solve
traffic congestion in our country?

10. Third Conditional: Imaginary Past
The third conditional is used when we are talking about
the past and imagining something different from what
actually happened, that means for imaginary past actions,
where the conditions for the action WERE NOT satisfied.
Formation: if + past perfect, S+ would have + past participle
example:
• If I had known, I would have helped. I didn't know and didn't help.
• Notice We can use other modal verbs in the result
part of the sentence.
For example :

11. IF Condition Result Certainty
past perfect WOULD HAVE+ past
participle
If I had known, I would have helped. Although this didn't happen, the speaker is sure about
the result.
If I had known, I could have helped. Although this didn't happen, the result is only a
possibility.
If I had known, I might have helped. Although this didn't happen, the result is only a
possibility.
If you had known, You should have helped. Although this didn't happen, it is only a good suggestion
or piece of advice.
Negative Form: If +past perfect, S + would not + have + V3 + Obj.
Example: If you had gone to my party, you wouldn’t have seen me.

12. Question Form: If +past perfect, would have + S+V3+ Obj.?
Notice : We can use WH word in to the question sentence.
Example: If she had gone to your party, what would have she seen?
Mixed Conditionals
Third Second Mixed Conditionals
Use: For imaginary present actions or situations that
are not possible because the necessary conditions
were not met in the past.
Formation : if + past perfect, S+ would + base form
For example: If you had taken the course, you would know about it.

13. (The conditions were not met because the person did not
do the course and as a result does not know about it now.)
Second Third Mixed Conditionals
Use: To avoid the illogicality of saying 'If I had been you', which
means that I was not you on that occasion, but could be in the
future, which is, of course, impossible.
Formation: if + past simple , S + would have + past participle
For example: If you went to visit somewhere, you would have done all your works.
Formation: if + past simple, S+ would not +have + past participle
For example: If I were you, I wouldn't have done that.