2. • Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
 A system of earth orbiting satellites which
provides precise location on the earth’s surface
in lat/long co-ordinates.
 11 hours 58 mins- Orbital period
 24 hour 3D coverage worldwide.
• Remote Sensing (RS)
 It is acquisition of information about an object
or phenomenon without making physical
contact with the object.

3. GPS: WHAT IS IT
 The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-
based satellite navigation system that provides
location and time information in all weather
conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there
is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS
satellites.
 The system provides critical capabilities to
military, civil and commercial users around the world.
It is maintained by the United States government and
is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.

5. Computer-based Technology
Designed with software, hardware, data,
procedure,
Network and live ware.
Storage, retrieval, mapping and analysis of
Geographic data.
Data is stored in coordinate form.
Layered together for mapping analysis.

7. Location
 Where are particular feature
found?
Patterns
 What geographical patterns
exist?
Trends
 Where have changes occurred
over given period?
Conditions
 Where do certain conditions
apply?

10. Data, Information, Knowledge, Intelligence
• Data: Collection of facts/figures that pertain to places, people, things,
events, and concepts.
• Information: Data transferred – through processes.
GIS Data
Hardcopy Maps Digital Data
GPSCo-ordinates

11. Geography Attributes Behavior
Rules:
Streets and
highways may
not
intersect

13. • data is organized by layers.
• layers are integrated using explicit location on the earth’s
surface, thus geographic location is the organizing principle.

14.  Transportation
 Watershed Analysis
 Environment Impact Assessment
 Remote Sensing
 Urban Development
Target Site Selection
 Landfill Site Selection
 Mineral mapping
 Pollution Monitoring
 Natural Hazard Assessment
 Resource Management

15. Planning
• Involves surveys, review of exiting infrastructure.
• GIS- integrates, manage, analyze and visualize the wide range of
data sets.
Design
• GIS- data management tools to manage and share data between
GIS and CAD soln.
Maintenance
• Detailed understanding of the location of assets for transport
infrastructure.
Information
• Up to date information systems for travellers.
• The wide choice of travel options require true multi-modal
solutions.

16. • METRO projects.
• Airlines or road transport-detailed information-Bus no, route,
timings etc.
• Disaster responses-advance warning.
• Planning and locating- railway corridors
 Finding a subset of locations from a set of potential-
minimizing cost
• Customer or demand locations.
• Potential site locations and/or existing facilities.
• Street network or Euclidean distance.

21.  GIS map water resources and link them to a database
 Planners/Engineers link their modelling system to the GIS-tie to
attribute data.
 Data – land use & land cover, geology, soils, hydrography &
topography.
 Project represented in 3-D form-the impact of facilities on
landscape-design process
 Estimate the magnitude of high-flow events, the probability of
low-flow events.
 Determine flood zones.
 Identify high-potential erosion areas.
 Derive physical characteristics area, perimeter, soil data etc.

22. Environmental Impact
Assessment for a new
Construction project ,
pollution
monitoring.

23. Applications of GPS
 This system gives us the accurate geographic position
required for land surveying.
 It is used for navigation purposes in
Aircraft,Ships,Submarines etc.
 It is now exceedingly used to locate the enemy targets
and subsequently hitting them by GPS information
guided missiles.
 For public use simpler version are available for locating
the vehicles, the individuals and the parties, in hicking
and mountaineering expeditions and other number of
applications.

24. Advantages of GPS
 This system is fast replacing with conventional
methods of surveying like Triangulation, Traversing
etc.
 It no longer requires the inter-visibility of station
points. The conventional techniques are still required
for detail surveying.
 The horizontal and vertical control can easily be
established with the help of GPS

25.  With increasingly complex projects, GIS provides the civil
engineers with tools for Creating , managing , analysing and
visualizing all types of geographic information.
 GIS education is expected to prepare individuals in the civil
engineering profession
 for the implementation of engineering projects/tasks with
time- and money-saving approaches.
 Some of the open ended limitations the high over head cost
GPS/GIS soft wares and Hard wares