2. 1.Term: Counter-Example
Definition: An example that
contradicts a statement.
( Shows a statement to be false)
Diagram/Truth Table/Example
Statement: all rectangles are squares.
Counter example

3. 2.Term: AND Statement
Definition: Two statements joined
by the word “and”. The statement
is true only if both statements are
true.
P
Q
P and Q
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
T
F
F
F
F

4. 3.Term: OR Statement
Definition: Two statements joined
by the word “or”. The statement is
true if either or both of the
statements are true.
P
Q
P or Q
T
T
T
T
F
T
F
T
T
F
F
F

5. 4.Term: Venn Diagram
Definition: Used to show
relationships between sets or
groups of things.
Diagram/Truth Table/Example

6. 5.Term: Conditional Statement
Definition: If, then statement. If p
then q. An alternate statement: q
if p. p implies q
P
Q
If P, then Q
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
T
T
F
F
T

7. 6.Term: Hypothesis
Definition: The if “part”
Diagram/Truth Table/Example: If I cut myself
peeling onions, then I will bleed.

8. 7.Term: Conclusion
Definition: The then “part”
Diagram/Truth Table/Example: Diagram/Truth
Table/Example: If cut myself peeling onions,
then I will bleed.

9. Term: Converse
Definition: When the original
hypothesis and conclusion are
switched. If q, then p.
Diagram/Truth Table/Example: If I cut
myself peeling onions, then I will bleed.
becomes If I bleed, then I cut myself
peeling onions.

10. 8. Term: Inverse
Definition: When you negate
both the hypothesis and
conclusion.
Diagram/Truth Table/Example: If I cut myself
peeling onions, then I will bleed. Becomes, If
I did not cut myself peeling onions, then I will
not bleed.

11. 9.Term: Contrapositive
Definition: When you negate both
the hypothesis and conclusion and
switch their original position
Diagram/Truth Table/Example: If I cut
myself peeling onions, then I will bleed.
Becomes, If I did not bleed, then I did
not cut myself peeling onions

12. Term: Inductive Reasoning
Definition: Based on
• Observations
• Past experience
• Moves from specific to general
observations
• Is useful in providing conjecture or
hypothesis
• Does not always lead to a valid
conclusion

13. Term: Inductive Reasoning (cont)
Diagram/Truth Table/Example:
You observe that for the last 5
weeks in math, you have had a
quiz on Tuesday. As today is
Monday, you conclude that
tomorrow, there will be a quiz in
math.

14. Term: Deductive Reasoning
Definition:
• Based on facts, definitions,
postulates, properties and
theorems
• Moves from general to specific
• Is useful in providing conjectures
• Always leads to a valid conclusion,
if the assumptions are true

15. Term: Deductive Reasoning (cont)
Diagram/Truth Table/Example
On your geometry progress
report, the lowest grade was a
92. You conclude that your
average in geometry is at least
92

16. Term:
Definition:
Diagram/Truth Table/Example