stem cell or cord blood banking

1. STEM CELL PRESERVATION
CORD BLOOD BANKING

2. UMBILICAL CORD STEM CELL
– Blood remaining in the umbilical cord and placenta after
birth is called as Umbilical Cord Blood stem cell is also
known as Cord Blood.
– The blood is rich in stem cells derived from the Umbilical
Cord and placenta after birth.
– After the birth Umbilical Cord Blood taken from umbilical
vein after cord is cut and clamped.
– UCB blood can be stored for 25 years.

3. – Amongst these sources, Umbilical cord blood is
considered to be a ready source of stem cells
and can be preserved at birth and used for
treatments when required.
– Stem cells extracted from cord blood are used
efficiently in the treatment of blood-related
conditions such as Thalassemia, Leukaemia,
Lymphoma, Neuroblastoma and so on.
– Cord blood stem cells have been used for over
25 years in 35000+24 transplants across the
world.

4. • During prenatal development, the umbilical
cord is physiologically and genetically part
of the fetus and (in humans) normally
contains two arteries (the umbilical
arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein),
buried within Wharton's jelly.
• The umbilical vein supplies the
foetus with oxygenated, nutrient-
rich blood from the placenta
• Conversely, the foetal heart pumps
deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood
through the umbilical arteries back to
the placenta
Cross section of umbilical cord. Top right
and top left: umbilical artery, bottom:
umbilical vein, middle: remnant
of allantois.

5. STEPS OF U.C.B BANKING
1. ENROLLMENT
2. COLLECTION
3. TRANSPORTATION
4. TESTING AND PROCESSING
5. PRESEVATION

6. 1. ENROLLMENT
• After choosing the right stem
cell bank, signing up for cord
blood banking service well
before the expected date of
delivery is done .
• Following the enrollment the
beneficiary will receive a
collection kit which needs to be
carried to the hospital at the
time of delivery.
• This kit contains the tools and
instruments required for the
collection of umbilical cord
blood, tissue and maternal
blood samples.
• Ensure that the collection kit is
sealed properly as it must be
maintained in sterile condition.

7. 2.COLLECTION
 It is a safe and simple 10-minute procedure that causes no
harm to the mother and the baby. Umbilical cord blood
collection does not interfere with the birthing process as it
is performed only after safe delivery of the baby.
 After the child is born, the umbilical cord is clamped at
both the ends and cut by the attending gynaecologist
through a safe procedure. The samples collected from the
umbilical cord are:

8. •A little amount of mother’s peripheral blood
•Blood inside the umbilical cord and
•Small pieces of umbilical cord tissue
These samples are collected by the paramedic and stored
in the collection kit, which are sealed properly and sent
to the lab for processing.

9. 3.TRANSPORTATION
The collected samples must reach the laboratory
within 48 hours and usually transported through
special logistics provider to ensure fast delivery and
avoid x-ray screening at the airports. Some stem cell
banks offer online tracking facility to the customers
in order to keep track of the sample transport.

10. 3.TESTING
AND
PROCESSING
• Once the samples reach the laboratory, they
are tested for contamination or infectious
diseases.
• The tests are also performed to check the
cell count, viability and sterility of the
sample
• The cord blood sample is processed by
automated or manual processing
technique to remove the red blood cells
and retrieve only the stem cells.
• The cord tissue sample is cut into small
pieces and the stem cells are isolated by a
special Explant cell culture process.
• After processing, they undergo various
levels of quality assessment to ensure the
viability and purity of the stem cells.

11. 5.PRESERVATION
• After necessary quality analysis, the stem cell samples
are mixed with cryogenic solution (to maintain cell
viability under frozen state) and frozen slowly for
preservation.
• They are then transferred to large cryogenic containers
with liquid nitrogen to maintain cryogenic conditions
below -150 degree Celsius
• After cryopreservation, a sample preservation certificate
will be sent to the parents to indicate the safe banking of
their children’s stem cells.
• The baby’s stem cells will remain safe in the
cryopreservation chambers for decades and they can
be retrieved anytime if required for a stem cell
transplant

13. CB Bank in India
– RELIANCE LIFE SCIENCE First public CB bank(2002).
– LIFE CELL INDIAS First CB bank (2004).
– Cryobank International associated with RJ crop and founded
Cryobank India (2006)
– Stemcyte Inc. USA associated with Apollo hospital Ahmadabad found
stemcyte India(2007).
– Jeevan stem cell bank public as well as private.
– CordCare bank founded by Pathcare pvt. Ltd is public CB bank.

14. CB price in India
– Not much difference in price to preserve CB by
different CB bank.
– Minimum 70,000 and maximum 1,50,000
Rupees.
– Its very cheap and amazing gift from parents to
their children or baby.

15. Most Recent Application In India
1.Diabetes
(National Centre for Cell Sciences, Pune University – Dr.
Ramesh Bhonde)
2.Heart (Dr. Venugopal Rao – AIIMS)
3.Liver Disease
4.Parkinson's Disease (Manipal Dr. Satish Totey)
5.Spinal Cord Injury (AFMC, Pune)
6.Stroke
7.Alzheimer's Disease

16. Advantages
– Cord blood is a rich, natural, controversy-
free source of life-saving stem cells.
– The collection of cord blood does not harm the
mother or child, and does not interfere with the
birthing process.
– Umbilical cord blood has the potential to cure
over 80 diseases.

17. • Recent research has shown tremendous potential for
cord blood stem cells to be used in regenerative
medicine, which may cure even more diseases.
• Cord blood is readily available when needed, if
collected and banked.
• Cord blood stem cells are the “youngest” and most
adaptable form of cells, and the body more readily
accepts the cells into its system.

18. Disadvantages
– The main disadvantage of cord blood is that the volume
collected is fixed and relatively small.
– Therefore, the number of stem cells available for
transplantation is low compared to the number of cells
that can be collected in customizable bone marrow
or peripheral blood stem cell harvests.
– It’s a very costly in private bank.
– Risk of high contamination .
– High risk to be mismatch genetic typing.

19. THANK YOU