This document discusses systems for fuel injection in gasoline engines. It describes the characteristics of modern domestic and foreign engine fuel injection systems and their main design parameters. It also outlines the specifics of diagnosing and technical maintenance of fuel injection systems. The document provides recommendations for detecting and eliminating typical malfunctions and component failures in fuel injection systems for gasoline engines. It also contains guidelines for disassembling, assembling, adjusting systems and units for fuel injection and basic recommendations for organizing technical maintenance and repair of fuel injection systems. The characteristics of modern technological equipment and instruments for diagnosing fuel injection systems for gasoline engines are also presented.
7. C u c TeM b i BnpbicKa 6 eH3 HHOBbix f lB n ra T e n e ii
x p a H H K rrc H B b ic o K n e e 3A 0 B b ie K a q e c T B a v npneM M C T O C T b aBT0 M06n-jisi,
a T a K x e CHM xaiOTCH p a c x o A T o n /iu B a v Bbi6poc BpeAHbix B eLuecTB .
B M u p e m n p o K o e pacnpocipaHeHne n o / iy n m ia annapaTypa <J)np-
M bl B o s c h , HB/lHK>meMCH /IM A SP O M B p a 3 p a 6 oT K e H npOM3BOACTBe
T on/iM BH O M annapaTypbi. O TenecT B eH H O M n p o M b iL u /ie m -io c T b K ) c o B M e -
c t h o c BeAYLUHMM 3 a p y 6 ex<HbiMM cJ)npM aM n G e n e r a l M o t o r s ( G M ) ,
B o s c h , S ie m e n s v R e n a u lt a h a a B T 0 M 0 6 m ie f i c e M e tic T B T A 3 , B A 3 ,
C b h t o t o p m Y A 3 p a 3 p a 6 o ia H b i M M K p o n p o u e c c o p H b ie K O M n/ieK C H bie
c u c T e M b i y n p a B /ie H M H A B M ra T e /ie M ( M K C Y f l) , c o A e p x a L u n e a B T O M a-
TMHecKne cucTeMbi 0AH0BpeMeHH0r0 ynpaB/ieHna n p o u e c c a M M noAa-hm
T o n /iM B a m B o c n /ia M e H e H M H r o p to H e ti C M e c n . n o A o 6 H b ie K O M n/ieK C -
H b ie c u c T e M b i o 6 e cn e H M B a K )T T a io x e y n p a B /ie H w e K O H A H u n o H e p o M ,
BeHTM/lHTOpOM CMCTeMbl 0 X/ia>KA6 HMH M 3 cJ)(j5eKTMBHyK) p a 6 0 T y 3 BTO-MaTMHecKOM
k o p o 6 km n e p e A a n .
C o 3AaHne coBpeMeHHbix cu c TeM BnpbicKa Ha n p a K im e o c ym e c r -
b /ih io t npenMymecTBeHHO nyreM MexaHnnecKoro Bocnpon3BeA6 HMH
TexHMHecKMX pemeHMM no M3BecTHbiM aHa/ioraM. CoBepmeHCTBOBa-
Hue coBpeMeHHbix KOHCTpyKUMti, pa3pa6oTKa TeopeTMHecKHx ocho b
npoeKTnpoBaHMH m aKcn/iyaTauMM cucTeM ynpaB/ieHMH c npMHyAme/ib-
HbiM Bocn^aMeHeHneM npeACTaB/iaiOT c o 6 o fi Haw6 o/iee aKTya/ibHyio
n p o 6/ie M y c o B p e M e H H o ro a B T O M o 6 M /ie c T p o e H M H .
3 /ie K T p o H H b ie c u c T e M b i B n p b ic K a , n p e A C T a B /iflto m M e c o 6 o a B b ic o -
K O T e x H O /io rn H e c K o e o 6 o p y A O B a H M e , T p e 6 yiO T 6onee KB a/inct>ni4M p o -
BaHHoro o 6 c^ y x M B a H M H v p e M O H T a . B n p o u e c c e 3 K c n / iy a ia u ,m aB T O -
M o 6 n / ie f i c 3 /ie K T p o H H o ti C M C TeM ow B n p b ic K a T o n /iw B a B0 3 H m <aeT
H e o 6 xO AHM O CTb MX TeXHMHeCKOrO o 6 c^y>KMBaHMH C o 6 CTBeHHblMM CM-jia
M M B ^ a A e /ib u a , b p ^ A e c /iy n a e B H e K B a /im J )i'm i'ip 0 B aH H 0 . rip u B e A e H -
H b ie CBeAeHMH v p e K O M e H A a u w -i n 0 3 B0 /iHK)T n p a B M /ib H O 0 p ra H M 3 0 -
B aT b 3 K c n /iy a T a u m o v o 6 c ^ y x M B a H n e z ie rK O B b ix a B T 0 M 0 6 m ie f i c 3 /ie K -
TpOHHblMM CMCTeMaMM B n p b ic K a T O n/lM B a.
y n e 6 HMK n p e A C T a B ^ a e T c o 6 om CMCTeMaTM3 n p o B a H H b ie M a ie p n a -
/ib i m p e K O M e H A a u n n no p a 3 /iM HHbiM acneKTaM K O H C T p y n p o B a H n a ,
p a c n e ia v A w a rH O C T n p o B a H M fl c o B p e M e H H b ix CMCTeM BnpbicKa T o n /in -
B a 6eH 3M H O B bix A B M r a ie /ie fi. O h h n 0 3 B0 /iHK)T n p a B M /ib H O noH H Tb c y w ,-
HOCTb A aH H bIX CUCTeM, 0 C0 6 eH H 0 CTM MX KOHCTpyKUMM m p a 6 o T b i, a
T a K x e T e x H u n e c K o w 3 K c n /iy a T a u n n .
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
8. rnasa 1. KOHCTPYKTMBHblE H 3KCnJiyATALlMOHHblE
OCOBEHHOCTU CUCTEM BIIPblCKA TOnJIUBA
1.1. OCOBEHHOCTM CUCTEM BIIPblCKA TOrUlMBA
M e x a H M H e c K a a c u c T e M a B n p b ic K a zierKoro T o n /iM B a BnepBbie 6bi-n
a p a 3 p a 6 o T a H a b 1 9 1 2 r . b E B p o n e (Jjm pm om B o s c h (T e p M a H M H ). r ie p -
BO H aH a/ibH O 3 a e e o c h o b y 6 b m a npM H H Ta KOHCTpyKUMH L u e c ie p e H O M -
H o ro M a c /iH H o ro H a c o c a . C n c T e M a B n p b ic K a o 6 e c n e H M B a e T n o A a n y
T o n /iM B a H e n o c p e A C T B e H H O b u m iM H A P b i A B M ra T e /ia . r io A o 6 H o f i c m c -
T e M o w o c H a m a /iM A B n ra T e /in <J)npMbi D e jm le r - B e n z c B n p biC K M B aH neM
6 e H 3 H H a , Bbino/iHem-ibie Ha 0CH0Be A H 3e/ibH O M annapaTypbi. M e x a H M -
n e c K n e c u c T e M b i n o A a n n T o n /iM B a M 3 -3 a B b ic o K o ii mx u e H b i H e n o /iy s M -
jih H a M a c c o B b ix aB T 0 M 0 6 n / if lx mnpoKoro pacnpocTpaHeHna.
r ie p B b ie c u c T e M b i B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a c 3 /ie xT p M H e cK M M y n p a B /ie -
H n e M 6 b m n c o 3 A a H b i b 1 9 3 9 r . b M T a /in n ct>MpM ofi M o n o G u z z i, h o ohm
O CTa/lM Cb TO/lbKO TeXHMHeCKOM HOBMHKOM.
B LunpoK M X M a c m T a 6 a x 3 /ie ic rp o H H b ie c w c T e M b i B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a
6 b m n p e a /iM 3 0 B a H b i b 1 9 4 0 r. H a a B i/iauM O H H bix A B M ra T e /ia x . 3 a T e M
OHM M C n 0 /lb 3 0 B a n M C b H a rOHOHHbIX aB T0 M 0 6 MJlHX. rip M M e H e H M e 3 /ie K -
T p o H H b ix c u c T e M b a B T O M o 6 m ie c T p o e H M M b 3 t o t n e p w o A h o cm /1 0 n o -
MCKOBbm x a p a K T e p . B n o c /ie B o e H H o e B peM H H a c T y n n /i H O B biti 3 T a n mx
p a 3 B M T n a . r ie p B a a c e p n M H a a c u c T e M a B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a c s /ie ic r p o H -
HbiM y n p a B /ie H M e M H e n o c p e A C T B e H H O b u m iM H A P b i p e a /iM 3 0 B a n a c b b
1 9 5 1 r. Ha A B y x T a ic m o M A s u r a T e / ie <J)MpMbi G u t b r o d .
B C 0 B p e M e H H 0 M noHMMaHMM c u c T e M a B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a o c y m e -
C T B /ie H a b 1 9 5 1 r . c jw p M o P i B o s c h Ha M a n o /iM T p a x a iO M a B T 0 M 0 6 n /ie ,
ABMraTe/ib KOToporo 6bm ocHauueH MexaHnnecKOM cucTeMofi BnpbicKa.
B A a /ib H e M L u e M s to m C M C T eM ofi 6 b m o 6 o p y A O B a H M 3 B e cT H b iti a B -
T0M06n/ib M e r c e d e s B e n z 3 0 0 S L .
OupMa Chrysler (CLLJA) b 1957 r. pa3pa6oTa/ia CMCTeMy ynpaB/ie1-
hm BnpbiCKMBaHMeM Ton/iMBa, Bbino/iHeHHyio Ha BaKyyMHbix ziaMnax.
BblCOKaa CTOMMOCTb M HM3K3H TeXHO/lOTUHHOCTb CMCTeMbl HBM/lMCb
cepbe3HbiM npen^TCTBueM Ha nyrn npaKTnnecKoro nx npMMeHeHna.
O A H O B p eM e H H o c 3 t m m b C lilA KO H uepH General Motors (GM) b 1957 r.
Ha aBT0M06n/iflx cjjupM Chevrolet v Pontiac npMMeHwiM cucTeMy
BnpbicKa cJ)MpMbi Rochester.
5
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9. C u c reM b i BnpbicKa 6 eH3 HHOBbix f lB n ra re / ie ii
BBeAeHne b C lilA b Hana/ie 1960-x toaob xecTKMX hopm tokcmh-hoctm
npeAonpeAe/iM/io H0B0e HanpaB/ieHwe b pa3BMTMn cucTeM
BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa.
BeAymne 3apy6e>KHbie cfupMbi Bosch (OPT), Siemens, Solex
(Opai-mwa), Bendix, General Motors, Chrysler (CULIA), Nissan (flnoHMa)
m cneuna^n3npoBaHHbie npoMbiw/ieHHbie (JjupMbi Lukas, Plessey
Automative Product (Be/iMKo6pnTaHMfl), Kugelfischer, Audi NSU
(0 P D , S.E.V. (OpaHUna) 3aHMMaiOTCfl C03AaHMeM coBpeMeHHbix c mc -
TeM BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa.
B Harnett CTpaHe pa3/ii/iHHbiMn BonpocaMM BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa 3aHM-MaiOTCH
OAO «BA3», OAO «rA3», OAO «3M 3», H I10 «Kn6epHeTUKa»,
HTU, «HAMM», M IT y «MAMH», H nO «U,HMTA», H n n «3/iKap» M AP-MexaHnnecKne
cwcieMbi c HenpepbiBHbiM BnpbiCKOM T o n /iM B a no-
3Bnnacb b Hana/ie 1960-x toaob. noAo6Hyio annapaiypy Bbinyci<a/ia
cJ)MpMa Bosch, a TaKxe Kugelfischer (OPT) v Spika (HTa/ina).
OupMa Bendix (CULIA) b 1966 r. npeAOCTaBM/ia cfupMe Bosch
MCK/lK3HMTe/lbHyK) Jim4eH3mO Ha npOM3BOACTBO 3/ieKTpOHHblX CMCTeM
BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa b TepMaHUM v Bpa3M^nn. BbicoKMe pe3y/ibTaTbi no-jiyneHbi
cfjupMOM Bosch (OPr), npoAe/iaBLuefi nyrb o t C03AaHHH npo-
CTePiLUMX MexaHnnecKnx ao coBpeMeHHbix aflanTMBHbix cucTeM BnpbicKa
Ton/iMBa.
nepBOHana/ibHO cJjupmom Bosch 6bma pa3pa6oTaHa cucTeMa
BnpbicKa MOA6/1M «D-Jetronic» c a/iexTpoHHbiM ynpaB/ieHMeM (hhaskc
«D» o t HeMeuKoro c/iOBa «druck» - AaB/ieHMe). <t>npMa Bosch c 1967 r.
npwcTynmia k BbinycKy annapaTypbi «D-Jetronic». B KanecTBe KOMaH-AHoro
napaMeTpa b stom cucTeMe, onepeAMBLuePi Ha MHoro /ieT
BpeMH MX pa3BMTMH, Bbl6paHa Be/lMHMHa AaB/ieHMH BO BnyCKHOM Tpy-
60np0B0Ae (BT). TepMMH «Jetronic» <J)MpMa Bosch ncno/ib3yeT p j*
CMCTeM ynpaB/ieHMH Ton/iMBonoAaHePi.
CoBepmeHCTBOBaHne KOHCTpyKunw «D-Jetronic» n03B0/ii/m0
pa3pa6oTaTb MexaHnnecKyio CMCTeMy BnpbicKa «K~Jetronic» v npn-
CTynnTb c 1973 r. k BbinycKy hobom nHeBMOMexaHnnecKOM cucTeMbi
HenpepbiBHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa «K-Jetronic» (mhaskc «K» o t He-
MeuKoro c/iOBa «kontinuerlich» - HenpepbiBHbifi). B 3to m CMCTeMe
6eH3MH noAaeTCH bo BnycKHotf Tpy60np0 B0A HenpepbiBHO. CncTeMa
BnpbicKa b to BpeMa 6bma npn3HaHa Han6o.nee yqanHOti no 3<}>ct>eK-tu
b h o c tu m coAepxaHwio 0Tpa60TaBLunx ra30B (Or). Pa3pa6oTaHHaa
nHeBMOMexaHnnecKafl cucTeMa npocTa n aoct3 to h h o HaAexHa b sk-cn/
iyaTauMM. Pery/iMpoBaHMe K03cJ)cJ)m4MeHTa M36biTKa B03Ayxa (a)
6
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10. Pna a a 1 . K oH c rp y ic rnBH b ie n SKcn jiya ra iiH O HH b ie 0 C0 6 eHH0 C Tn
CMCTeM anpbiCKa T o n n u a a _____________________
ochobsho Ha H e n p e p b iB H o P i aBTO M aTM necKO M o u e H K e p a c x o f la bo3-
Ayxa m Ton/inBa.
C/ieAytOLumvi STanoM c 1973 r. flB/iaeTCfl C03AaHMe cucTeMbi
BnpbicKa «L-Jetronic» (w H A e x c «L» o t H e M e u K o ro c/iOBa «luft» - b o 3 -
Ayx), n03B0^MBLuew ynpocTWTb paHee pa3pa6oTaHHyio (Jjmpmom
Bosch KOHCTpyKUMK). B KanecTBe KOMaHAHoro napaMeTpa cwcrreMbi
ynpaB/ieHna npMHHTa Be/iMHUHa pacxoAa B 0 3 fly x a .
B C0BpeMeHH0M K/iaccnct>m<aum'i pa3/iMHaioT cucTeMbi MMny/ib-
CHoro («D-Jetronic», «L-Jetronic», «LH-Jetronic») v HenpepbiBHoro
(«K-Jetronic», «KE-Jetronic») BnpwCKa Ton/iMBa.
Pa3BMTne cucTeM BnpbicKa (JwpMa Bosch c 1970 r. ocymecTB/ia-eT
no HecKO/ibKMM HanpaB^eHwqM: MexaHnnecKwe («K-Jetronic»),
3/ieKTp0HH0-MexaHMHecKMe («KE-Jetronic») n 3/ieicrpoHHbie («L-Jet-ronic
», «LH-Jetronic» n «LU-Jetronic»).
B A a ^ b H e M tu e M , b 1984 r., cfupMa Bosch pa3pa6oTa/ia 3 /ie K T p o H -
H y io MexaHwnecKyK) c u c T e M y «KE-Motronic» («E» - 3 /ie ic rp o H H b iM ).
WcnojiHHTe/ibHaa e e nacTb b o MHoroM cooTeeTCTByeT KOHCTpyxunM
« K ~ J e tr o n ic » . f l / i a n o B b iw e H w a t o h h o c t u A 0 3 n p o B a H M fl B M ecTO Mexa-
HunecKoro pery/iHTopa A aB /ieH M H T o n /iM B a n p n M e H e H 3 /ie ic rp o r M A -
p a B /im e c K H k i. C n c T e M a B n p b ic K a T o n /iU B a C H a 6 x e H a AaTHW KaM n p a c -
xO A a B 0 3 A y x a v n o /io x e H M a A P O C ce /ibH oP i 3ac/iO H K M .
CncTeMa Bnpbicxa «L-Jetronic» npeACTaB/iaeT Aa/ibHeMLuyio pa3-
pa6oTKy cfupMbi B o s c h , no3Bo/iMBLuyio b 1 9 7 3 r. 3aMeHMTb c w c rre M y
« D - J e t r o n ic » . O H a H B /ia e T C fl p o B e c H M x o M M e x a H n n e c K O M c u c T e M b i
« K - J e t r o n ic » . C n c T e M a « L - J e t r o n ic » coAepxnT a3Thmk pacxoAa bo3-
A y x a c n0ABM)KH0M 3ac/iOHKOki, o6ecneHHBaK>i±i,MM M3MepeHMe pacxoAa
B03Ayxa. Ko/iMnecTBO BnpwcKMBaeMoro Ton/iHBa onpeAe/iaeT
3/ieKTpoHHbiti 6/iox ynpaB/ieHMH ( 3 E Y ) , OTxpbiBaa aha 3tom u e / in
3/ieKTpoMarHMTHyK) cfopcyHKy ( 3 M O ) Ha onpeAe/ieHHoe BpeMH.
noTeHUMOMeTpunecKuCi AaTHMK noAaeT cwrHa/i 35Y noTpe6/iaeMoro
Ko/innecTBa B03Ayxa.
Be/iMHMHa AaB/ieHMH Ton/iHBa b cucTeMe Ton/iMBonoAaHM b 2 pa3a
Huxe no cpaBHeHwio c MexaHnnecKOM cwcTeMofi «K-Jetronic» n co-
CTaB/iaeT 0,3 Mna. Ha nacTM aBT0M06n/iefi c 1976 r. ycTaHaB/iMBaiOT
cucTeMy «L-Jetronic», ocHameHHyio Hempa/iM3aTopoM O r v a3thm-
KOM KMC^OpOAa (A.-30HA).
CwcTeMa BnpbicKa «LH-Jetronic» OT/iHMaeTca o t «L-Jetronic»
KOHCTpyKTHBHbIM BbinO/lHeHMeM AaTHUKa MaCCOBOrO paCXOAa B03Ay-xa
(AMPB). CncTeMa «LH-Jetronic» ocHameHa pacxoAOMepoM c npo-
BOJlOHHblM A3THWK0M, H3X0 AflLU.MMCH nOA HanpflXeHHeM (MHA6KC «H»
7
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11. C u c reM b i BnpbicKa 6 eH3 HHOBbix n B u ra re / ie U
o t HeM euKoro c/iOBa «heiss» - ropanMM). PacxoAO M ep B03Ayxa c h s 6 -
x e H M3MepMTe/ifc>HbiM 3/ieMeHTOM b BHAe noA orpeB aeM ow M eTan/in-necKOM
hmtm m/im KepaMMnecKofi n/iacTMHbi. n o CTeneHM mx o x /ia x A e -
hmh 3 B Y o n p e A e /ia e T o6i>eMHbM p a c x o A a B 03Ayxa. Ko/ie6aHMH
AaB/ieHMH b BT He b /im h io t Ha p a 6 o T y M3M epMTe/ibHoro 3/ieM eHTa.
Be/lMHMHa 0X/ia>KA6HMH M3MepMTe/lbHOM HMTM 33BMCMT OT M3MeHeHMS)
n/iOTHocTM B03Ayxa. no Be/iMHMHe TOKa, H eo6xoA H M oii ah3 noAAep-xaHMA
3aAaHHOM T eM nepaT ypu, 3 5 Y o n p e A e /ia e T M accy n p o x o A ^ m e -
ro B03Ayxa.
n o c /ie BbiK/iiOHeHMH 3axMraHMH 3 B Y aBTOMaTMHecKM noAaeT
KOMaHAy Ha npoKa^M BaHne h mt m pacxoA O M epa a o TeM nepaTypbi
100 0 °C a h a e e o h m c t k m . B coBpeMeHHbix KOHCTpyKUMax pacxoAO M epa
M3MepMTe/ibHyK> HMTb 3aMeHM/iM c n e u n a /ib H o fi n/ieHKOM Ha KepaMM-HeCKOM
OCHOBe.
OMpMa B o sch c 1994 r. BbinycKaeT BapMaHT CMCTeMbi BnpbicKa
«LH-Jetronic» Ha OCHOBe n/ieHOHHoro AaTHMKa M3MepeHMH pacxoAa
B03Ayxa. T e n /io B o fi M3MepMTe/ibHbiti 3/ieMeHT TepMMHecKoro aHeMo-
MeTpuHecKoro TMna («LH-Jetronic») coAepxvrr HarpeBaeMyio np0B0-
zioKy m/im KepaMMsecKyio rmacTMHy. BbixoAHoti CMma/i pacxoAOMepa
npeACTaB/iaeT co6ov nacTOTHbifi CMma/i aMn/iMTyfloti 4 -6 B. no Mepe
yBe/iMneHMH pacxoAa B03Ayxa B03pacTaeT nacTOTa ynpaB/iHtomero
CMma/ia.
CMCTeMa «KE-Jetronic», pa3pa6oTaH aa b 1982 r., OT/iMHaeTCH o t
npeAbiAyLUeii KOHCTpyiaiMM npMMeHeHMeM 6 o /ie e co B epuieH H oro
3 B Y , Ha/lMHMeM CfyHKUMOHa^bHblX AOIIO/lHMTe/lbHblX AaTHMKOB M
ycTpowcTB. Mcno/iHMTe/ibHaa ee nacTb bo m hotom noBTopaeT CMCTeMy
« K -J e tro n ic » . noBbim eHMe to h h o c to A03MpoBaHMH Ton/iMBa a o c tm t-
Hyro nyTeM 3aMeHbi M exaHM necKoro p e ry/iH T o p a ynpaB/ieHMH b a o -
3 a T o p e 3/ieKTpornApaB/iMHecKMM p e r y jijr r o p o M AaB/ieHMH Ton/iMBa.
C ncTeM a yKOMn^exTOBaHa AaT4MKaMM p a c x o fla B03flyxa m no/ioxeHM H
APOCCe/lbHOM 33C/10HKM. 3HaHMTe/lbHafl HaCTb aBT0M06M^eM OCHaLUe-
Ha Hei1Tpa/lM3aTOpOM, C H a6)K eH H blM AaTHMKOM KMC/lOpOAa (X -3 0 H A ).
H a p y 6 e x e 1970-19 80 rr . b flnoHMM, CLLJA m HecK0/ibK0 n o 3 A -
H e e b TepMaHMM lu n p o K o e pa3BMTMe n o /iy n w iM M M K p o n p o u e c c o p -
Hbie CMCTeMbi ynpaB /ieH M a ABM raTe/ieM , b 1979 r. - CMCTeMa « M o t-ro
n ic » , B K/uonaioinafl b c e 6 fl aneMeHTbi CMCTeMbi B npbicK a « L -J e tro -
nic» m/im « L H -J e tro n ic » c 3/ieKTpoHHbiM 3 a x n ra H n e M , yn p a B /ia e M b ie
eAMHbiM 3 B Y .
CMCTeMy «LU-Jetronic» (MHAeKc «U» o t naTMHCKoro c/iOBa «ultra» -
CBepx, 3a npeAe/iaM M ) ycTaHaB/iMBaiOT b o c h o b h o m Ha aBTOMo6M/iM,
8
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12. Fnaaa 1. KoHCrpyKTHBHbie n OKCnnyaraLinoHHbie 0C06eHH0CTH
CMCTeM BnpblCK3 TOn/IMBa__________________
w3rc>T0B/ieHHbie b C lilA . Ohs CHa6xeHa y/ibTpa3ByK0BbiM pacxoflOMe-p
o M B 0 3 A y x a . B n a T p y 6 o K n o A a n M B 0 3 A y x a n o M e m e H y /ib T p a 3ByKOBOM
reHepaiop BMxpePi, co3AaioiHMM 3aBMxpeHMH B03AywH0r0 ncrroKa m
p a 3 M e L u e H H b M n e p n e H A M K y ^ flp H O k H a n p a B /ie H H io B 0 3 A y w H o ro n 0T0-
Ka. 3 a B n x p e H n e B c > 3 A yw H o ro noTO K a B /iM aeT H a nacTOTy B 0 3 A y w H b ix
BO/1H, n o M3M eHeHM K) HHTeHCWBHOCTM KOTOpbIX C yA ^T 06 M3MeHeHMM
o 6b e M H o r o pacxoAa B 0 3 A y x a . Be/iM M M Ha n y /ib c a i4MM A a B /ie H n a b BTm
n 3 M e H e H M e n / i0TH0CTM n o c T y n a to m e r o B 0 3 A y x a He bhocht norpeuiHO-CTew
b n p o u e c c M 3M epeH M M . K o /in n e c T B O BMxpePi n p o n o p L (M O H a /ib H O
Be/iM H U H e p a c x o A a n o c iy n a io m e r o B 0 3 A y x a . Y/ibTpa3ByKOBbie Bo/iHbi
B ocnpM H M M aiO TC fl npneM H M K O M m npeo6pa3yK)TCH b BbixoAHbie 3 /ie K T -
pnHecKne cuma^bi.
CncTeMa «Mono-Jetronic» npeACTaB/iaeT co6om 0AH0T0HeHHyi0
CMCTeMy BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa. YnpaB/ieHMe noAaneCi Ton/iMBa b Hew ocy-
LUecTB/iHiOT no nacTOTe BpameHMH Ko/ieHHaTOro Ba/ia (KB) ABMraTe/ia
n no/ioxeHMK) APocce/ibHOM 3ac/iOHKM. OHa o6ecnenMBaeT noAany
Ton/iMBa nepe3 ueHTpa/ibHyio eAUHCTBeHHyio cJjopcyHKy. CMCTeMa
BK/itonaeT cfjyHKUMOHa^bHbie AaTHMKM no/ioxeHMa Apocce/ibHoti 3a-c/
iohkm, TeMnepaTypbi oxnaxAaiOLueM xmakoctm m BcacbiBaeMoro
B03Ayxa, A6T0H3UMM, sacTOTbi BpameHMH m no/ioxeHMH KB, CKOpOCTM
ABMXeHMH aBT0M06M/lfl, paCXOAOMepa B03Ayxa M KOHUeHTpaUMM KMC-ziopoAa.
YnpaB/ieHMe stom cucTeMow ocymecTB/iaeT 3BY, no/iynaK)-
lumm MHcJ)opMauMK) o t cj^yHKUMOHa^bHbix AaTHMKOB. CMCTeMa pa3pa-
6oTaHa b 1987 r. m npeAHa3HaneHa pun ABMraTe/iew Ma/ioro m cpeA-Hero
06beM0B a o 1,8 ji.
CTpyKTypHbie CXeMbl, KOHCTpyKTMBHbie 0C06eHH0CTM M npMHUMn
A6MCTBMH CMCTeM pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa cjMpMbi Bosch OT/iMna-
IOTCH 3HaHMTe/lbHblM pa3H006pa3MeM. ripMHUMni/ia/lbHbie TexHMHe-
CKMe pemeHMH M BbinO/lHeHMe OCHOBHbIX KOMnOHeHTOB CMCTeM Bnpbl-
CKa 0CTaK)TCa HeM3MeHHbiMM. OMpMa Bosch ocymecTB/iaeT BbinycK
CMCTeM BnpbicKa 6eH3MHa 6o/iee 50 /ieT.
O M p M a Bosch b 1989 r. H a OCHOBe CMCTeMbi «Mono-Jetronic»
p a 3 p a 6 o T a jia CMCTeMy « M o n o -M o tro n ic » , ocHam eHHyio yn p a B /ia io -
LUUM yCTpOMCTBOM M MMKponpOUeCCOpOM. B 3TOM x e ro Ay OHa BBe/ia
3 /ie M e H T y n p a B /ie H M fl «EGAS», B C T p o e H H b ifi b n e A a /ib y n p a B /ie H M H m
o6ecneHMBaioiii,MM no xe/iaHMio BOAHTejia cJ)MKCMpoBaHMe pexMMa
pa6oTbi AsuraTe/iH.
CMCTeMa «Motronic» (1979 r.) n p e A C T a B /ia e T co6oa c x e M y B n p b i-
CKa Tuna «LH» m/i m «L» c 3 /ie K T p o H H b iM 3 a x M ra H M e M , y n p a B /ia e M y io
eAM HbiM 3BY. B s t o m CMCTeMe B n p b ic K a M C K/uoneH bi n o A B M X H b ie 3/ie-
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13. CucTeMbi BnpbiCKa 6eH3HHOBbix MBnraTeneii
MeHTbi pacnpeAe^iHTe/iH Ton/ii/iBa v 3a>KMraHMH. B mx KOHCTpyKumo
BBefleHbi a s t h mk AeTOHauuM, orpaHMHm e/ib MaKCMMa/ibHOM nacTOTbi
BpauueHMH KB ABMraTe/ia, a TaKxe cucTewa caMOAnarH o c t u k m. Cwc-
TeMa «Motronic» n03B0/iaeT pery/iwpoBaTb <J)a3bi ra3opacnpeAe/ie-h
mh , ynpaB/iHTb HaAAysoM, a TaKxe M3MeHHTb Annny naipy6KOB BT.
3/ieKTpnHecKMM CMrHa/i onpeAeJiaeT KOJiMHecTBO B03Ayxa, nocTynaio-uuero
3a o a mh x o a nopwHH.
CncTeMa «Motronic ML 4 .1» (1987-1989 i t .) coAepxMT asthmk
nO/lOKeHMH APOCCe^bHOM 3aC/10HKM M 3By C 35-KOHTaKTHblM LUTe-
KepHbiM pa3beMOM, pacxoAowep B03Ayxa JionaTOHHoro Tuna, a^thmk
no/ioxeHMH KB, BCTpoeHHbiti b pacxoAOMep B03Ayxa, AaTHMKTeMne-paTypbi
B03Ayxa m pery/iflTop nacTOTbi BpameHMH KB Ha pexmviax xo-jiocToro
xoAa (XX). Ha 3tom pexmvie CMCTeMa ni/rraHMH o6ecneHMBa-eT
0AH0BpeMeHH0e BnpbicKMBaHne Ton/iMBa BceMM cj^opcyHKaMM.
CncTeMa 3a>KMraHMH CHa6xeHa MexaHnnecKMM pacnpeAe/iMTe/ieM
3axnraHHH.
CncTeMa «Motronic M 1.5» (1 9 8 9 -1 9 9 4 rr.) npeAHa3HaneHa
Ana 4- m 6-un^MHAPoBbix 8- n 12-K/ianaHHbix ABMraTe/ieti. OHa co-
AepxnT noTeHUMOMeTpnMecKMPi a^thmk no/ioxeHMH APocce/ibHoPi 3a-
C/IOHKM 3 BY C 55-KOHTaKTHblM LLITeKepHblM pa3beMOM, pacxoAOMep
B03Ayxa JionaTOHHoro T u n a , asthmk no/ioxeHMH KB pvvwaienn, AaT-hmk
TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa, BCTpoeHHbiPi b B03AywHbiPi pacxoAOMep,
m pery/iHTop nacTOTbi BpaLueHMH KB ABnraTe/ifl Ha pexnMax XX.
CncTeMa CHa6>KeHa yCTpoMCTBOM rpynnoBoro BnpbiCKMBaHMH
Ton/iMBa, cfiopcyHKM kotopow pa3Ae^ieHbi Ha ABe rpynnbi. BnpbiCKMBa-
Hue Ton/iMBa cfopcyHKaMM pa3Hbix rpynn np0M3B0AHTCH b pa3Hoe
BpeMH no ym y noBopoTa KB ABMraTe/ia. CncTeMa 3a>KnraHMH CHa6>Ke-
Ha MexaHMnecKMM npepbiBaTe/ieM-pacnpeAe/iMTe/ieM. flaTHMK MAeH-TMcj^
MKaivv un/iMHApoB pa3MeLueH b pacnpeAe/iMTe/ie 3a>KMraHMH.
CncTeMa ynpaB/ieHMH coAepxnT yarpoficTBo ynpaB/ieHMfl ymoM one-pexeHMH
3axnraHMH no napaMeTpaM AeTOHaunn v 3/ieKTpoMan-mT-HbiM
K/ianaH pjn ynpaB/ieHna M3MeHfleMoPi ahhhom BnyCKHbix KaHa/ioB.
CncTeMa «Motronic M 1.5.2» (1993-96 rr.) coAepxnT noTeHUHo-
MeTpuHeCKMM AaTHMK no/ioxeHMH Apocce/ibHoti 3ac/iOHKM m 3 By c
55-KOHTaKTHblM LLITeKepHblM pa3beMOM, TepMMHeCKUM aHeMOMeTpw-necKMM
n/ieHOHHbiw pacxoAOMep B03Ayxa, a^thmk no/ioxeHMH KB
ABnraTe/iH, asthmk TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa b BT n pery/iHTop nacTOTbi
BpameHUfl KB ABMraTe/ia. CncTeMa nm anm CHa6xeHa ycTpoPicTBOM
rpynnoBoro BnpwcKMBaHna Ton/iMBa, CMCTeMa 3axMraHMfl - MexaHM-necKMM
npepbiBaTe/ieM-pacnpeAe/iMTe/ieM.
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14. r / ia e a 1. K o H crp yK T M B H b ie vt O K cn /tya ra tX H O H H u e o c o G e H H O c ru
CHcreM BnpbicKa TonnuBa_________ ______
C ncTeM a «Motronic M 1.5.4» (1994-1997 rr.) coA epxM T noTeH-UHOMeTpMHeCKMM
flaTMHK nO/lOXeHMfl APOCCe/lbHOM 3aC/10HKM, 3BY c
55-KOHTaKTHblM LLITeKepHblM pa3beMOM, flaTSMK nO/lOXeHMfl K B, flaT -
hmk TeM nepaTypbi B 03flyxa m pery/iH T op nacTOTbi BpameHMH KB. Cmc-
TeMa nMTaHnq coA epxM T ycTpoMCTBO rp y n n o B o ro BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa.
YcTpoCicTBO o6e3Bpe>KMBaHMq o r CHaSxeHo cmctcmom peuupKy/ia-u,
mm, cucTeMa 3axMraHMfi - 3/ieKTpoHHbiM pacnpefle/ieHMeM BbicoKo-ro
HanpqxeHM q. ynpaB/ieHMe bc/immmhom yr/ia onepexeHMq 3 a xM ra -
hm« ocym ecT B /iflioT no napaM eTpaM Be/iMMMHbi fleTOHauMM. .
CMCTeMa «Motronic M 2.5» (1988-1994 rr.) coAepxMT asthmk no-
/1 0 X e H M 9 AP O C C e/lbH O M 3aC/10HKM, 3 B y C 55-KOHTaKTHblM LUTeKepHbIM
pa3teMOM, TepMMMeCKMM aHeMOMeTpMHeCKMM HMTeBOM paCXOflOMep
B03flyxa, flaTMMK no/ioxeHMH KB, pery/iflTop HacTOTbi BpaiyeHMP KB
npM pa6oTe Ha pexMMax XX. CMCTeMa nMTaHMq CHa6xeHa ycTpoiiCT-bom
4)a3MpoBaHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa. CMCTeMa 3axMraHMH coflep-xm
t MexaHMMecKMM pacnpefle/iMTe/ib 3axMraHMq, a TaKxe a8tmmk
MfleHTMc|)MKauMM um/imhapob, pa3MeLueHHbiM b pacnpeAe/iMTe/ie 3a-xMraHMq.
ynpaB/ieHMe bc/immmhom yr/ia onepexeHMq 3axMraHMq ocy-
LuecTB/iflioT no napaMeTpaM Be/iMMMHbi fleTOHauMM.
CMCTeMa «Motronic 2.7» (1992-1996 rr.) coflepxMT noTeHUMo-
MeTpMMeCKMM flaTMMK nO/lOXeHMfl ApOCCe/lbHOM 3aC/10HKM, 3 By c
55-KOHTaKTHblM LLITeKepHblM pa3beMOM, TepMMMeCKMM aHeMOMeTpM-necKMM
n/ieHOMHbiM paCXOflOMep B03flyxa, ab t mmk no/ioxeHMa KB m
AaTMMK TeMnepaTypbi B03flyxa b BT, pery/iflTop MacTOTbi BpaineHM9
KB, pa3MemeHHbiM b 6a£inacHOM KaHa/ie. CMCTeMa CHa6xeHa a 3tm m-kom
MfleHTMcf)MKauMM um /imh a p o b , pacno/ioxeHHbiM b pacnpeAe/iMTe-
/ie 3axMraHM«, OHa o6ecneMMBaeT cf>a3MpoBaHHbiM BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa.
ynpaB/ieHMe b c /immmho m yr/ia onepexeHMH 3axMraHMH ocymecTB/iaioT
no napaMeTpaM fleTOHauMM
CMCTeMa «Motronic M 2.8» (1993-1997 rr.) c o fle p x M T noTeHUMo-
MeTpMHeCKMM ASTMMK n O /lO X e H M fl A P O C C e/lbH O M 3aC/IO HKM , 3 B y c
55-KOHTaKTHblM LUTeKepHbIM pa3beMOM, TepMMMeCKMM aHeMOMeTpM-MecKMM
n/ieHOMHbiM paCXOflOMep B 03flyxa, abtmmk no/ioxeH M q KB,
AaTMMK TeM nepaTypbi B03Ayxa m p e ry /i« T o p nacTOTbi BpaLueHM« KB
npM pa6oT e Ha pexM M ax XX, pa3Mem eHHbm b 6a£inacHOM K a H a /ie .
CMCTeMa 3axMraHMH C Ha6xeHa 3/ieKTpoHHbiM pacnpeA e/ieH M eM Bbi-coKoro
HanpqxeHM fl m ycTpoMOTBOM 4)a3MpoBaHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iM-Ba,
AaTMMKOM no/ioxeH M q p a cn peA e/iM T e/ibH oro Ba/ia. ynpaB/ieHM e
Be/iMMMHOM y r/ia onepexeHMH 3axMraHMq ocym ecTB/iflK)T no napaM eTpaM
Be/IMMMHbl AeTOHaUMM.
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15. C u c T eM b i BnpbicKa 6 eH3 HHOBbix M B u ra Te n eH
1.2. KJIACCMOMKAUMfl CUCTEM BIIPblCKA TOrUTIIBA
CoBpeMeHHbie cucTeMbi BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa pa3/inMaiOT no MecTy v
cnoco6y noflaqn Ton/iMBa, npuHunny pa6oTbi v Tuny pery/inpoBaHnq,
a TaiOKe KOHCTpyKTMBHOMy BbinO/lHeHMIO MCnO/lHMTe/lbHbIX KOMnOHeH-TOB
CMCTeMbi fl03Mp0BaHMq TOn/lHBa.
no Mecry no/?aw ron/iMBa pa3/iMHaiOT cucTeMbi BnpbicKa bo Bny-
CKHOfi TpaKT MJ1M HenoCpeflCTBeHHO B UM/lMHAPbl flBHraTe/lfl.
Flo viicny 3 M 0 m cxewe mx pa3Meuj,eHiw BbiAe/iaiOT cucTeMbi
ueHTpa/ibHoro (oflHOToseMHoro, MOHOBnpbicKa) v pacnpefle/ieHHoro
(MHoroTOMeMHoro, rpynnoBoro) BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa. CncTeMa uem pajib-
Horo BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa o6ecneHMBaeT noflany Ton/iUBa oahom c})opcyH-kom
b BT, a pacnpeAe/ieHHoro - noAany Ton/iMBa OTAe/ibHbiMM c}x>p-cyHKaMM
b BT M/in HenocpeACTBeHHO b Ka>KAbm uh/imhap AsuraTe/ia.
no npuHLiMny no/ia^M pa3/iMMaioT cucTeM bi BnpbicKa c H enpepbiB-HOft,
UMK/lMHeCKOM M 4)a3MpOBaHHOM CXeMBMU nOASMM TOn/lHBa.
no rm y KOHcrpyKTMBHoro BbinonHeHna y3/iOB A 0 3 n poBaHMq
BblAe/lfllOT CMCTeMbi C pa3/lMHHblMM OnyHXepHblMH HaCOCaMU, 3/ieKT-poM
am nTH biM M c}x>pcyHKaMM m pery/ifiTopaMn AaB /ieH M q Ton/iM B a.
no BpeMehM nonaw Tonnma pa3/iMMaioT cucreMbi c OAHOBpe-
MeHHbiM, nonapHo-napa/i/ie/ibHbiM (rpynnoBbiM) m 4)a3MpoBaHHbiM
BnpblCKOM.
OAHOBpeMeHHbiii BnpbiCK conpoBOXAaeTca noAaHefi Ton/iMBa
OTAe/lbHbIMM 4)OpCyHKaMM BMeCTe BO Bee UM/lHHAPbl He3aBMCMMO OT
coBepmaeMoro TaKTa ABHraTe/iH, T.e. Bee 4)opcyHKU 0TKpbiBai0Tcq
O AH OBpeMeHHO.
np M n o n a p H O -n a p a ju ie jib H O M (rp y n n o B O M ) B npbicKM BaH nn n o /Io a
n n a 3 M 0 BnpbiCKMBaiOT Ton/iMBO OAHOBpeMeHHO. TaK, Ha n e T b ip e x -
UM/1MHAPOBOM A B n ra T e /ie n p n nepBO M o 6 o p o T e KB BnpbiCKMBaiOT
T on/iM B o A s e 3 M 0 , a n p n b to p o m o 6 o p o T e KB - c /ie A y io iU M e A s e
3 M 0 , T.e. Ka>KAafl 4>opcyHKa n o A a e T o 6 m y io n o p u m o T on/iM B a fln q
O A H oro un/iM H A P a 3 a A s a B npbicK a. B npbiC K Ton/iM B a 4)opcyH KaM M
pa3/iM H Hbix rp y n n cooTBeTCTByeT o n p e A e/ie H H o P i Be/iMMMHe y r /ia n o -
B o p oT a KB A B n ra T e /ia . H e 3a B ncnM O o t n o jio x e H M H BnycK H bix K /ia n a -
h o b BnpbiCK Ton/iM B a np0M 3B0AHTCfl Asa>KAbi Ha Ka>KAbm o 6 o p o t KB
A B M raT e/ia. E c /in BnyCKHOft K /ianaH 3aKpbiT, t o Ton/iM B o o cT a e T ca b BT
AO c/ie A y iO L u e ro OTKpbiTMfl B n y c K H o ro icnanaH a A a H H o ro un/iM H A pa.
ABOMHOft BnpbiCK TOH/lMBa B TaKOft CMCTeMe OCymeCTB/lfllOT Bee
3 M 0 OAHOBpeMeHHO npn KaxAOM o6opoTe KB ABnraTe/in. OAnaKO
ohm BnpbicKHBaiOT /lMLUb no/iOBMHy TpeSyeMoro KO/inqecTBa Ton/iMBa.
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16. rsiaBa 1 . KoHcrpyKTMBHbie u OKCnnyarai^noHHbie 0 C0 6 eHH0 CTH
c u c T eM BnpbicKa To n /in e a __________________
n p n n o c jie flO B a T e /ib H O M B n p b iC K e noflana T o n /iM B a o c y m e c T B /ifl-eTC
fl no onepeflM b n o p H A K e p a 6 o T b i u m /i m h a p o b A B M ra T e /ia .
0a3MpoBaHHbiM BnpbiCK o6ecnesMBaeT noAany Ton/iMBa k3>kaom
<J)OpCyHKOM B KOHKpeTHbIM MOMeHT BpeMeHM KaXAOI"0 UM/lMHApa
ABMraTe/ia.
H3BecTHbie CMCTeMbi ueHTpa/ibHoro m 3HaMMTe/ibHaa nacTb cm c -
TeM p a c n p e A e /ie H H o ro BcnpbiCKa npeACTaB/iaiOT co 6o m cxeMbi a mc k -
peTHoro a s mc t b ma . B MMny/ibCHbix CMCTeMax noAana Ton/iMBa npoM3-
bo amt ca nopuMAMM (AMCKpeTHo) b onpeAe/ieHHbie MOMeHTbi no/ioxe-hmh
KB ABnraTe/ifl. B cucTeMax HenpepbiBHoro BnpbicKa 4)opcyHKa
pa6oraeT nocTOHHHO, h o M3MeHqeTca /lMiiib ee np0M3B0AMTe/ibH0CTb.
H e n p e p b iB H a q noAana Ton/iMBa MMeeT p h a c e p b e 3 H b ix HeAOCTaTKOB m
Ana coBpeMeHHbix ABMraTe/ieii ee CMMTaiOT yCTapeBmeii. B CMCTeMax
c npnMbiM (HenocpeACTBeHHbiM) BnpbiCKOM Ton/iMBa Ka>KAafl c^opcyH-Ka
pa3MeLueHa b CTeHKe m/im ro/ioBKe UM/iMHApa m noAaeT Ton/iMBo
HenocpeACTBeHHO b u,m/im h a p Ha TaKTe cxaTMH.
B e /iM H M H a A a B /ie H M q T o n /iM B a b C M C TeM ax pacnpeAe/ieHHoro
B n p b ic K a c o c T a B /ifle T 0,3 M ila, a n pM H e n o c p e A C T B e H H O M - 5,0 M ila.
C u c T e M y u e H T p a /ib H o r o B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a b p ^ A e c /iy n a e B A o n o /iH M -
T e /ib H o 0 C H a ii;a i0 T nycKO BO M 4 )o p c y H K o £ i, p a 6 o T a io m e M np M x o / i o a -
h o m A B M ra T e /ie m o T K /iio M a io iu ,e M C fl a B T O M a T n ne cK M no M e p e ero
n p o r p e B a . B c o B p e M e H H b ix KO H C TpyKU M qx n y c K O B y io 4 )o p c y H K y He
npMMeHfiiOT.
C M C T eM a p a c n p e A e /ie H H o r o B n p b ic K a 0 T /iM H a e T c q MHoroo6pa-
3 n e M TexH M M ecK M x p e m e H M M . B OCHOBe C B o e ii p a S o T b i o h m M c n o /ib -
3yiO T M exaHM HeCKMM M TMApaB/lM HeCKM M np M H U M n b l nOAaMM T O n /lM B a .
r io A o 6 H b ie CM CTeM bi n p e A C T a B /ifiio T c o 6 o m c x e M b i H e n p e p b iB H o ro
A eM C TB M fi. O h m p a 3 p a 6 o T a H b i m B binycK aiO T C H c^ m p m o m «Bosch».
HaM6o/iee u jM p o K o e p a c n p o c T p a H e H M e n o /iy H M /iM CM CTeM bi «K-Jet-r
o n ic » , «KE-Jetronic», «KE-M otronic» p a 3 /iM M H b ix B e p c M ft. HaM6o-
/iee n e p cne K T M B H O M M o x e T 6 b iT b CM C TeM a B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a b no-
/lO C Tb U M /lM H A p a .
CxeMa pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa o6ecneHMBaeT noAany TOn/iM-Ba
b BT, Ha BnycKHOM K/ianaH m/im Ha nepeMbNKy MexAy BnycKHbiMM
K^anaHaMM. Pery/iMpoBaHMe KO/iMMecTBa noAaBaeMoro Ton/iMBa ocy-m
e c T B /ifle T C H nyieM M3MeHeHMH np0A0/iXMTe/ibH0CTM otkphtm h a o -
3npyK)LU,ero K/ianaHa 3/ieKTp0MarHMTH0M 4)opcyHKM.
0 a 3 M p o B a H H b itf B n p b iC K o c y m e c T B /ia iO T b o BnycKHOM naTpy6oK,
H e n o c p e A C T B e H H O b u m /im h a p m/im b A o n o /iH M T e /ib H y io KaMepy (b m x -
peByio, 4)opKaMepy). Pery/iMpoBaHMe noAaMM Ton/iMBa npM uMK/iMMe-
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17. CucTeMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix ffBuraTeueH
ckom BnpbiCKe ocymecTB/ifleTCH aHa/iornnHO nyTeM M3MeHeHMq npo-flO/
DKMTe/ibHOCTM oTKpbiTMfl K/ianaHa 3 M 0 .
OflHOBpeMeHHbiM pacnpefleneHHbifi enpbtcK Ton/iMBa o6ecneMM-BaeT
ero noflany bo Bee uM/iMHApbi ABMraTe/ia. B CMCTeMax 0flH0Bpe-
MeHHoro BnpbicKa 4)opcyHKM coeflMHeHbi napa/uie/ibHO b oflHy m/im
HecKO/ibKO rpynn m ynpaB/iaiOTCfl o6ihmm MMny/ibCOM 3EY. OflHOBpe-
MeHHblM BnpbiCK OCyLU,eCTB/iqiOT CMHXpOHHO M/IM aCMHXpOHHO.
npM ci/iHxpoHhom BnpbiCKe Ton/iMBa Hana/io ero noflaMM onpefle-
/lfleTca CMmajiaMM 3aflaiOLuero reHepaTopa, T.e. CMHxpoHM3MpoBaH-hnmm
c nacTOTOM BpameHMq KB. CMHxpoHHbiM BnpbiCK qB/iaeTCfi
ochobhnm cnoco6oM noflanM Ton/iMBa b coBpeMeHHbix CMCTeMax KaK
ueHTpa/ibHoro, TaK m 0flH0BpeMeHH0r0 pacnpefle/ieHHoro BnpbicKa.
flpM cmhxpohhom BnpbiCKe noAana Ton/iMBa 4)opcyHKaMM 06biHH0
npoMcxoflMT oflMH m/im flBa pa3a 3a o6opoT KB. B HeKOTOpbix pexMMax
(nycK, pexMM xo/iocToro xo^a, no/iHaa Harpy3Ka, pexMM ycKopeHMa)
MoxeT 6biTb nepexofl Ha acMHxpoHHbiii BnpbiCK, npM kotopom MOMeH-Tbi
Hana/ia BnpbicKa He CBH3aHbi c nacTOTOM BpameHnq KB ABMraTe/ia,
a c/ieflyioT nepe3 paBHbie MHTepBa/ibi BpeMeHM.
nocneAOBaTe/ibHbiii BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa ocymecTB/iqeTca pa3fle/ib-
HO B KajKflblM UM/lMHflp nOC/ie OTKpblTMfl COOTBeTCTByiOLUerO BnyCKHO-ro
K/ianaHa b nopnflKe pa6oTbi um/imhapob. B CMCTeMax noc/ieflOBa-
Te/ibHoro BnpbicKa Ka>KAafl 4)opcyHKa CBq3aHa c 3EY MHflMBMflya/ib-hom
3/ieKTpMMecKOM uenbio. noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHafl pa6oTa <J)0pcyH0K
ocyLuecTB/iqeTCfi no CMma/iaM 3aflai0Luer0 reHepaTopa m 4)a30Boro
flMCKpMMMHaTOpa.
PacnpeaefieHHbiM BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa ocymecTB/iqeTca b Ka>KflbiM
UM/lMHflP OTfle/lbHOM ({)OpCyHKOM, yCTaHOB/ieHHOM B COOTBeTCTByiO-lumm
naTpy6oK BT. Pacnbi/ieHHaa CTpya Ton/iMBa, BbixoAamaa M3 4)op-cyHKM,
HanpaB/ieHa b CTopoHy BnycKHoro icnanaHa. Pacnpefle/ieHHaa
noflana Ton/iMBa MoxeT 6biTb 0AH0BpeMeHH0M m/im noc/ieAOBaTe/ib-
HOM, a TaKXe CMHXPOHHOM M/IM aCMHXpOHHOM.
UeHTpa/ibHbiM BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa ocyLuecTB/iqeTca oahom c|3opcyH-KOM,
paCn0/10>KeHH0M BO BnycKHOM TpaKTe Me>KAy B03AyX00HMCTMTe-
/ieM m APocce/ibHOM 3ac/i0HK0M. PacnbmeHHoe c^opcyHKoii Ton/iMBo
CMewMBaeTCH c B03AyxoM b BT m Aa/iee nociynaeT b nop^AKe mx pa-
6oTbi. BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa 06biMH0 ocymecTB/iaeTcq oamh m/im A&a pa3a
3a oamh o6opoT KB ABMraTe/iq, a cocTaB CMecM pery/iM pyeicn ajim-
Te/lbHOCTblO BnpblC K M B aH M fl.
flo Tuny. perynupoB aH iw pa3/iMMaiOT CMCTeMbi BnpbicKa c pa30-
MKHyTbiMM uenqMM ynpaB/ieHMfl ABMraTe/ieM m 3aMKHyTbiMM c 06-
paTHOM CBq3bK) (^.-30HA).
14
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
18. r / ia B a 1. K o H crp yK T M B H b ie u O K cnnyaTaLiH O H H bie o c o S e H H O c ru
CMCTeM BnpbicKa ronnuBa
Pa30MKHyTafl cxeMa cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH npeACTaB/iaeT co6ov
jinH efiH yio u e n b p a fla B3anMOAeftcTByiOLu,Mx 3/ieMeHTOB, coeflMHeH-Hbix
m fleiiCTByioLunx noc/ieAOBaTe/ibHo oahh 3a ApyrnM.
U,enb ynpaB/ieHUfi coflepxMT c^yHKUMOHa/ibHbie, cucTeMHbie m ne-peflatOLUne
3/ieMeHTbi (p u c . 1.1). B o6m eM BMfle pa30MKHyTaa uenb
coflepxMT CMCTeMy ynpaB/ieHMH 3 v ncno/iHMTe/ibHoe ycTpofiCTBO 7 c
BXOflHbIM 1 M BblXOAHbIM 8 napaMeTpOM. 3/ieKTpOHHblft 6/lOK 10 M
ycTpoiiCTBO ynpaB/ieHMq 4 cBq3aHbi MexAy co6ofi 3/ieKTpnMecKOii
uenbio 9 c 06pa30BaHneM CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMa 3.
10 9
Pmc. 1.1. CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH ABMraTe/ieM
c pa30MKHyr0M uenbio
1 - BxoflHoPi napaMeTp; 2 - bh&luhiaw cJjaKTop; 3 - cucTeMa ynpaBJieHMa; 4 -
ydpoPiCTBO ynpaB/ieHMq; 5 - BbixoflHoPi napaMeTp; 6 - BHeiuHMM napaMeTp
Hcno/iHMTe/ibHoro ycTpoficTBa; 7 - Mcno/iHMTe/ibHoe yCTpoMCTBo; 8 - b u x o a -
HoPi n a p a M e ip Mcno/iHMTe/ibHoro ycT poticT B a; 9 - 3/ieKTpnHecKasi uenb; 10 -
6j iok ynpaB/ieHMq
BHeiiiHMii 4)aKTop 2 n p e flC T a B /ia e T co6oft B 0 3 M y m a i0 m e e b o 3 -
AewcTBue B H e u jH e ii cpeflbi Ha CMCTeMy ynpaB /ieH M H . Y np aB /ie H M e mc-nO/
lHMTe/lbHblM yCTpOMCTBOM 7 OCyLUeCTB/lfieTCfl n o COCTOHHMIO Bbl-x
o flH o ro n a p a M e T p a 5 cu c T e M b i y np aB /ie H M fl 3 v BHeLUHero B x o flH o ro
4>aicropa 6.
BbixoflHoii napaMeTp 8 ncno/iHMTe/ibHoro ycTpofiCTBa 7 npefl-
GTaB/ineT co6ofi nepeMeHHyio 3/ieKTpnMecKyio Be/iMHMHy, oSecneMM-BaiOlHyiO
ero KOHTpO/lHpOBaHMe B COOTBeTCTBMM C C^yHKUMOHa/lbHblMM
napaMeTpaMM cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMfl. .
B pa30MKHyT0ft uenn CMCTeMa ynpaB/ieHMH 3 perMCTpupyeT B03-
MymeHnq, M3MepaeMbie 6j io k o m ynpaB/ieHun 10. Ha Apyrne BHeuiHne
uo3AePiCTBHfl CMCTeMa He pearnpyeT. CncTeMa ynpaB/ieHnq 3 coAep-
>kht HeoSxoAHMbie (JjyHKUMOHa/ibHbie 3/ieMeHTbi, o6ecneMMBaioLUne
peuieHMe 3aAaHHbix yc/ioBnPi, Bbino/iHqeMbix pa30MKHyT0Pi uenbio
15
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
19. CMCTeMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix nBnrareneii
ynpaBJieHMH. Ha bxoa CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMq 3 nocrynaeT bxoahom napaMeTp
1, npoxoflHLHMft n0c/iefl0BaTe/ibH0 Mepe3 pha np0Me>KyT0M-Hbix
3BeHbeB m npeo6pa3yeMbm b BbixoflHofi napaMeTp 5 cucTeMbi
ynpaB/ieHMfl 3.
Pa30MKHyTaq jiMHeftHafl uenb cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHna (^yHKUMOHa/ib-
Hbix 3/ieMeHTOB He o6ecneMMBaeT no/iyneHne onTMMa/ibHbix xapaiore-pucTMK.
OHa 6o/iee Tpe6oBaTe/ibHa k to mho ct m M3r0T0BJieHMH 4)yHK-UMOHanbHbix
3/ieMeHTOB m noflqepxoHUH pex<MMOB ee pa6oTbi.
OyHKUnn ynpaB/ieHMH pa30MKHyT0ii cucTeMOft noflann Ton/iMBa v
onepexeHMfi 3ax<MraHnq b Tpaflnu,MOHHbix CMCTeMax ynpaB/ieHMfl abm-raTeneM
B03/i0>KeHbi Ha BOAHTe/iH. ripnMeHeHne nporpaMMbi c xecT-kmm
a/iropMTMOM ynpaB/ieHMH b pa30MKHyTbix CMCTeMax BnpbicKa
Ton/iMBa flBnraTe/in He o6ecneHMBaeT no/iyneHne Heo6xoflMMoro
ypOBHfl TOn/lMBHOM 3KOHOMMHHOCTM M MMHUMa/lbHOrO Bbl6pOCa Bpefl-
Hbix BeiyecTB (BB). CncTeMa He yMMTbiBaeT MHoroo6pa3Me KOMn/ieK-ca
B3aMMOCBfl3aHHblX 4)aKTOpOB. B 3TOM C/iyMae npOMCXOAHT 3HaMM-Te/
ibHoe paccor/iacoBaHne flePiCTByioLueiTi n onTMMajibHofi nporpaMM
ynpaB/ieHUfi.
noAo6Hbie TexHMMecKne peweHuq b BUfle pa30MKHyTbix CMCTeM
ncn0/ib30Ba/in npaKTnnecKM Ha Bcex aBT0M06njiqx HeflaBHero BpeMe-
HM. B0/lbLUMHCTB0 COBpeMeHHbIX CUCTeM BnpblCKa TOn/lMBa CHa6>KeHbl
3aMKHyToPi uenbio ynpaB/ieHUH flBnraTe/ieM.
ABTOMaTnnecKoe pery/inpoBaHne cucTeMbi BnpbicKa Ton/iuBa
06ecneHMBai0T nyTeM npeBpaLueHnq pa30MKHyToft cxeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH
b 3aMKHyryio, T.e. b cucTeMy ynpaB/ieHMH c xecTKOft o6paTHo£i CBA3bio.
CoBpeMeHHbie aBTOMaTnnecKne cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH AsuraTe/ieM
Bbino/iHeHbi aflanTHBHbiMM (caM0npncn0ca6/iMBai0LUMMMCfl, o t nar.
«adapto» - npncnoca6/iMBaTb). noAo6Hafl cxeMa o6ecneMMBaeT hbo6-
xoflMMbivi ypoBeHb HaAexHow paSoTbi cucTeMbi BnpbicKa Ton/iuBa b
yc/iOBMflx 6biCTporo M3MeHeHM9 xapaKTepnc™K o6teKTa ynpaB/ieHMH.
CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHna c o6paTHofi 3aMKHyTo£i
CBq3bio (puc. 1.2) coflepxMT ynpaB/iqioLuee yCTpoMCTBo 14, napaMeT-pMMecKMM
flaTHMK 13 v 3EY 4, CBA3aHHbm Mepe3 3/ieKTpnMecKyio uenb
3 c flaTHMKOM 2 no/ioxeHMA Apocce/ibHoii 3ac.riOHKM v Mepe3 Bbixofl-hom
cum a/i 6 3EY, nepeAaiomuft KOMaHAHbM napaMeTp Ha npuBOfl 7
CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH. no/iyMeHHbm BbixoAHOft cum a/i 8 npuBOfla cm-
CTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMq nocTynaeT Ha pery/inpyeMyio CMCTeMy 9 (ABnra-
Te/ib). CncTeMa ynpaB/ieHMq nepe3 BbixoAHoCi cum a/i 12 CBq3aHa c
AaTMMKOM (a.-30Hfl0M), pa3MemeHHbiM b KaHa/ie 3/ieKTpnMecKoii uenn
15 06paTH0M CBA3M.
16
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
20. rn a B a 1 . K oH c rp yKTHBHb ie n sK c n / iya ram ioH H b ie 0 C0 6 eHH0 C Tn
cucTeM BnpbicKa ronsiHBa
1 2 3 4
4 =
5 6 7 8
W i H
1 —
15 14
Pmc. 1.2. C ipyK T ypH aa cxeM a CMCTeMbi ynpaBJieHi/is A B nraT e/ieM
C OSpaTHOM C B fl3 b K )
1 - BX0flH0M napaM eTp; 2 - flaTHMK n o /io x e H u n flp o c c e /ib H o ti 3acjiOHKM; 3 -
3/ieK T pnH ecK afl u e n b C M m a /ia ynpaBJieHi/ia; 4 - 3 5 y; 5 - BHeujHMM cJjaKTop;
6 - BbixoflHOPi CMTHa/i; 7 - ajieKTpMHecKMM npMBOfl CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHM a; 8 -
BbixoflHOPi c u rH a /i npMBOfla; 9 - p e ryjiM p ye M a q CMCTeMa (flB M raT e/ib); 10 -
BbixoflHOM n a p a M e T p cucT eM bi y n p a B /ie H u n ; 11 - B03M ym ai0m M Pi cJjaKTop;
12 - B b ixoflH ofi C H m an cucTeM bi ynpaB/ieH M n; 13 - napaMeTpMHecKMfi flaTHMK;
14 - ynpaB/iaioinee ycTpoMCTBo; 15 - ajieKTpunecKan uenb o6paTHoPi cbh3m
Bx o a h o m ynpaB/ifliOLunii napaMeTp 1 nepe3 p«A npoMexyTOHHbix
3/ieMeHTOB 4)opMMpyeT Heo6xoflHMyio Be/iMMUHy BbixoflHoro cnma.na
12 3aMKHyToti CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMfi. BbixoAHOfi curHa/i 6 3/ieKTpnMe-ckom
uenn 6/iOKa ynpaB/ieHnq 4 4)opMnpyeTCfl noA B03flewCTBneM
BxoflHoro 1 m BHeiiiHero 4)aKTopoB 5. Bo3Mymaiomi'm napaMeTp 11
napaMeTpnMecKoro AaTMMKa 13 0Ka3biBaeT Ha 3aMKHyTyio CMCTeMy
nepeMeHHoe B03Mymai0LU,ee B03ASMCTBi/ie.
napaMeTpuHecKMfi flaTMMK 13 no 3/ieKTpnHecKoii uenn 15 nepe-
AaeT curHa/ibi BbixoAnoro napaMeTpa 12, Be/inHUHa KOToporo npo-nopunoHa/
ibHa 3HaMeHHAM BbixoAnoro napaMeTpa 10 ynpaB/iaioinero
ycTpowcTBa 14. Pery/inpyeMaa CMCTeMa (ABnraTe/ib) 9 CHa6>KeHa cm-
CTeMoPi ynpaB/ieHMfi npoueccaMM noAann Ton/iMBa ABnraTe/ia v mc-no^
HHTe/ibHbiM MexaHM3MOM ynpaB/ieHMq.
Be/iMHMHa BbixoAnoro curHa/ia 12 M3MeHaeTCq aAeKBaTHO M3Me-
Hem/iio BxoAHoro napaMeTpa 7. Apocce/ibHafl 3ac/ioHKa o6ecneMMBa-eT
n3MeHeHne cum a/ia 12 o6paTHoPi c b h 3m aAeKBaTHO M3 M e H e H m o
curHa/ia b x o a h o t o ynpaB/iaioinero napaMeTpa 1 m BbiAaeT curHa/i Ha
b x o a npoMexyroMHbix ycTpowcTB 3aMKHyToft CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHnq.
3^eKTpnHecKM ii npuBOA 7 p e ry /in p y e M o ii cucTeM bi 9 no/iynaeT
o6o6meHHbm cum a/i o t pa3/iMMHbix abtmukob nepe3 npoMexyTOHHbie
3/ieMeHTbi. BxoAHbiM napaMeTpoM paccMaTpuBaeMofi cucTeMbi
ynpaB/ieHU fi «B/iqeTC9 Be/iHMMHa OTKpbiTnq A PO cce/ibH ofi 3ac/ioHKM,
MOMeHT 3a>KnraHnn m cocTaB ropiOMeM CMecu. 3aKOHbi ynpaB /ieH nq
3THM1/I napaMeTpaMU pa3JiMHHbi. BoAHTe/ib M3MeHqeT Be/iMMMHy y r/ia
17
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
21. CncreMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix ABMraTeneM
oTKpbiTMH ApoccejibHoft 3ac.riOHKM. H 3 M e He Hn e Be/inHMHbi pacxoAa
B03flyxa conpoBoxAaeTCfi n3Me He Hn eM Ko/iMMecTBa Ton/iMBa m Be/iM-MMHbi
yr/ia onepexeHMH 3a>KnraHnq.
BbixoflHoPi napaM eTp 72npeACTaBJifleTCo6oM nepeM eHHyio 3/ieK-TpMHecKyio
Be/iMHMHy, K0T0paq HenpepbiBHo M3MepaeTC9 m cpaBHMBa-eTcn
c BxoflHbiM napaMeTpoM. YnpaB/ieHMe b 3aMKHyTOM K o w y p e
o6ecnennBaeT AeftCTBue B03Mymaiomero c^aKTopa 11 napaM eT puqe-
CKoro flaTMMKa 13 b 3aMKHyTOM uenn ynpaB/ieHMq. BoflMTe/ib co CBoe-ro
pa6oMero MecTa nepe3 B03flyiuHyi0 3ac/iOHKy B03fleiiCTByeT Ha
3/ieKTpMHecKyio uenb 3 cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH, b x o a h h m napaMeTpoM
KOTopoii qB/iaeTCfi 3/ieKTpMHecKMM CMma/i flaTMMKa ycTpoMCTBa nofla-
HM B03flyxa.
CncTeMa ynpaB/ieHMq flBnraTe/ieM no o6paTHoft 3/ieicrpMMecKOM
CB93M 15 coo6meHa c flaTHUKOM no/ioxeHnq APOCce/ibHOM 3ac/ioHKM
(fln fl3 ) 2. ripuBefleHHafi CMCTeMa no 3/ieKTpnMecKMM ueraM no/iyMa-eT
CMmanbi flePiCTBMM BOflMTe^a nepe3 flaTMHK pacxofla B03flyxa, CB9-
3aHHbw c nefla/ibio ynpaB/ieHMH. B npouecce abmxchmh BOflHTe/ib no
xe/iaHMio M3MeHfleT Be/iMMviHy yr/ia otkphtm h APOCce/ibHOM 3ac/ioH-km,
06ecneHMBai0 LU,eM Heo6xoflMMbiii pacxofl B03flyxa. B KanecTBe
nepBMMHoPi MHct>opMau,MM c/iyxaT curHa/ibi flaTMMKOB BepxHeft Mepx-bom
tohkm (BMT), no/ioxeHMq pacnpefle/iMTe/ibHoro Ba/ia, y m o B o r o
no/ioxeHMH KB flBnraTe/iq, MaccoBoro pacxofla B03flyxa (m/im flaB/ie-hmh
b BT) m fleTOHaunM. 3aMKHyTafl cucTeMa o6ecneMMBaeT Heo6xo-flMMyio
T0MH0CTb noflflepxaHMH Tpe6yeMbix napaMeTpoB no cpaBHe-
HMIO C pa30MKHyT0M CMCTeMOM.
CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa 3aMKHyTOM CMCTeMbi Ton/iMBonoflaHM abm-raTe/
ifl c o6paTHoii CBH3bio npMBeAeHa Ha pmc. 1.3. C M C T e M a CHa6-
x e H a HeMTpa/iM3aTopoM o r c abthmkom KMC/iopoAa 4 ( X - 3 o h a ),
pa3MeifleHHbiM b uenM 06paTH0M cba3m, m Mcno/iHMTe/ibHbiM opra-h
o m 8 noflaMM Ton/iMBa. flBMraTe/ib 2 nepe3 3/ieKTpMMecKyio uenb 1
no/iynaeT CMrHa/i cocTaBa roptoneM CM ec M ot Mcno/iHMTe/ibHoro op-raHa
8 m Mepe3 3/ieKTpMnecKyio uenb 3 co o 6 m a e T C H c abtmmkom
KMC/iopoAa 4. 3/ieKTpoHHbiM 6/iok ynpaB/ieHMfi 6 c noMombio 3/ieKT-pMMecKoro
CMma/ia Mepe3 uenb 06paTH0M cbh3m 7 cBH3aH c Mcno/i-
HMTe/lbHblM opraHOM 8.
Hcno/iHMTe/ibHbm opraH 8 o6ecnenMBaeT M3MeHeHMe cocTaBa
ropioneM CMecu (a) b x o a h o t o cuma/ia. Be/iMMMHa KOHueHTpauMM o t -
Ae/ibHbix K0Mn0HeHT0B BpeAHbix BemecTB O r ABMraTe/ifl 2 no3BoziqeT
oueHMTb K03<J)c})MuMeHT M36biTKa B03Ayxa npopearMpoBaBineM ropio-neM
CMecM. flaTMMK 4 KMC^opoAa Bbipa6aTbiBaeT 3/ieicrpMMecKMM CMr-
18
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
22. pjiaaa 1. KoHcrpyKTMBHbie n OKcnnyarai^noHHbie 0C0 6eHH0CTn
__________________cucTeM BnpbicKa ro n nm a __________________
1 2 3 4
i
8 7 ---------------i ---------------w
7 6 5
Pmc. 1.3. YnpoLueHHasi CTpyKTypHafl cxeMa cucTeMbi TonjiMBOnoflasM
C 06paTH0fi C B 93bK D
l - a/ieKTpMHecKaa uenb nepeflaHM cMrHa/ia Mcno/iHMTe/ibHoro opraHa (a); 2 -
MBMraTe/ib; 3 - 3/ieKTpnHecKasi uenb nepeflasM cMrHa/ia ynpaB/ieHMH (aor); 4 -
naTHMK KM C/iopofla; 5 - ajieKTpunecKMM c u rH a /i AaTHwca K M c/iopofla; 6 - 3 B Y ;
7 - 3/ieKTpnHecKMM curHa/i ofSpaTHoii cbh3m; 8 - Mcno/iHMTe/ibHbiPi opraH no-flann
TonjiMBa
Ha/i 5, 3aBMcniMMM o t cocTaBa O r flBnraTe/ifi 2. 3BY 6 no curHanaM
AaTMMKa KMC/iopoAa noflflepxMBaeT Heo6xoAHMoe cooTHOmeHne bo3-
Ayx/Ton/iMBO, o6ecneMMBaioinee Han6o/iee acJxJjeKTMBHyio pa6oiy
HewTpa/iM3aTopa. ripn stom 3/ieKTpoHHbiii 6/iok 6 Bbipa6aTbiBaeT
3/ieKTpMMeCKMM CMrHa/1 7, npMBOA«iynil B AeilCTBMe MCnO/lHMTe/lbHbm
opraH 8, KOTopbiii o6ecneMMBaeT pery/inpoBaHne Be/iMHMHbi noflann
ron/iMBa (a), nocTynaioinero b ABnraTe/ib 2. MrH0BeHH0e 3HaMeHne
K034)4)MuneHTa M36biTKa B03Ayxa noAAepxMBaeTca Ha ypoBHe a = 1.
B CMCTeMe peryni/ipoBaH uq a or onpeA e/im oT n y ie M M3MepeHnn
KOHUeHTpaUMM KMC/lOpOfla B O r C nOMOlMbK) X-30HAa, Ha BblXOfle ko-
T o p o ro noHB/iqeTca H anpaxeH ne, n p o n o p u noH anbH oe Be/iMHMHe ko-
3({)({)MUMeHTa M36biTKa B03Ayxa. no/iyneH H yio Be/innnHy a or CMCTeMa
cpaBHMBaeT c 3aAaHHbiM 3HaneHneM a . rip n Hannnnn OTK/iOHeHun
pacHeTHoft Be/iMHMHbi a o t 3aAaHHofi McnojiHMTe/ibHbifi CMma/i p e ry -
/ifiT o p a no curH a/iaM 3 B Y M3MeHpeT np0A0/i>KMTe.nbH0CTb BnpbicKM-BaHMq.
P e ry/inpoB aH ne ocyujtecTB/ineTcn c noMoiuibK) nepeMHOxaK)-
LU,ero 3BeHa 3 B Y , yMMTbiBaiomero pa3/iMMHbie KoppeKTMpoBOMHbie
c)3aKTopbi. 3 B Y 6 no cnrH anyA.-30H Aa ycn/inB aeTM KoppeKTnpyeT a jim -
Te/ibHOCTb MMny/ibca BnpbicKa 3Mct>, o6ecneMMBan no/iyneH ne H eo6-
xoahmom Be/iMMMHbi yn p a B /ia e M o ro napaM eTpa.
1.3. nPMHUMnMAJIbHblE CXEMbl CIICTEM BIIPblCKA TOnJlllBA
B coBpeMeHHbix KOHCTpyKuunx aBT0M06n/ibHbix ABMraTe/ieM Han-
6o/ibiuee pacnpocTpaHeHne no/iyMM/in cucTeMbi c uem-pa/ibHbiM v
pacnpeAe/ieHHbiM BnpbiCKOM Ton/iMBa. nepBaq CMCTeMa coAepxMT
19
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
23. CncreMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3MHOBbix gBMraTeneM
MHorne M3BecTHbie HeflOCTaTKM Kap6iopaTopa, nosTOMy OHa no/iynM-
/ia orpaHMMeHHoe pacnpocTpaHeHne. Han6o/iee nepcneKTMBHOM c m m -
TaioT CMCTeMy c pacnpefle/ieHHbiM BnpbiCKOM Ton/iMBa.
CrpyKrypHaa c x e M a c u c re M b i u ,e H T p an bH o ro B n p u c x a (p u c . 1.4)
co fle pxM T BT 3, B03flyLUHbm naTpy6oK 7 c pa3Meiu,eHHOM b HeM <}>op-cyHKoPi
6 c 3/ieKTpnMecKMM pa3teMOM 5 m T p y 60n p 0B0fl noflann T o n -
JIMBa. npM OTKpblTMM APOCCe/lbHOil 3aCJ10HKM 4 TOn/lMBO M3 c})OpCyHKM
6 n o c T y n a e T b BM^e cfcaKem nepe3 B nycK H oP i T p y 6 0 n p 0 B 0 A 3 b o B n y -
CKHbie naTpy6KM 2, fla/iee b o BnycKHbie KaHa^bi 1, a 3aTeM b umjimha-pbi
9 flBnraTe/ia 8.
Puc. 1.4. C T p y K T y p H a n cxeMa
cucTeMbi ueHTpa/ibHoro BnpbicKa
T o n /iM B a
1 - BnycKHOM KaHa/i; 2 - BnycKHOM
n a T p y 6 o K | 3 - B n y c K H O ii T p y 6 o -
n p o B O f l; 4 - A p o c c e j i b H a a 3 a -
c / io H K a ; 5 - a /ie ic r p M H e c K M M p a 3 t> -
noA a na Ton/iMBa npn uempa/ibHOM BnpbiCKe ocymecTBJineTCfl b
o 6 lhmm B0 3 AywHbiM n a Tp y 6 oK 7 oahom 4>opcyHKoii 6 , ycTaHOB/ieHHOM
h s a Apocce/ibHOii 3acjiOHKoft 4. cfcopcyHKa CHa6 >KeHa aiecTbio pacnbi-
/lMTe/ifiMH, 0 6 ecneHMBai0 LAMMM Heo6 xoAHMbm ypoBeHb CMeceo6 p a -
3 0 BaHnn. U,eHTpa.ribHaa 4>opcyHKa xapaKTepn3yeTCfl h m 3 k m m c o n p o -
T M B /ieH M eM o 6 m o t k m 3 /ie K T p o M a rH M T a (4 -5 O m ).
CMcrewa pacnpe/ieneHHoro Bnpucxa ronnm a (puc. 1.5) coAepxnT
BT 6 c BnycKHbiM naTpy6KOM 2 u tcaHEUiOM 1, TonnnBHbiw Tpy60np0B0A
7 co liiTyuepoM 4, B03AywHbifi naTpySoK 9 c APOCce/ibHofi 3ac/iOH-k
o m . Tpy60np0B0A 7 CHa6xeH naTpy6KOM noAann Ton/iMBa 5, pery/iq-t
o p o m AaB/ieHMq 11 co LUTyuepoM 10 v uiTyuepoM 12 o6paTHoro
c/iMBa Ton/iMBa.
OcHOBHbiMM 3/ieMeHTaMM CMCTeMbi pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa
AB/iqiOTCq pacxoAOMep B03Ayxa, coo6meHHbiM c B03AywnbiM 4>wib-
TpoM, 3BY m Ton/iMBHbie 3 M 0 3, pa3MemeHHbie bo BnycKHOM naT-pySKe
2.
9 e M ; 6 - T o r u iM B H a a c J jo p c y H K a ; 7 -
B 0 3 f l y u jH b if i n a T p y 6 o i< ; 8 - A e n r a -
T e /ib ; 9 - umiMHflp
20
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
24. rnaaa 1. KoHCTpyxruBHbie h SKcnnyaraixnoHHbie 0C06eHH0Crn
CMCreM BnpbicKa ronnuBa
Puc. 1.5. CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa
cucTeMbi pacnpeAe/ieHHoro
BnpbicKa TOn/iuBa
1 - BnycKHOM KaHa/i; 2 - BnycKHOPi
naTpy60K; 3 - Ton/iUBHan c{>op-cyHKa;
4 - TOn/inBHbiPi LUTyuep;
5 - naipy60K noAanu TOn/iuBa;
6 - BnycKHOPi Tpy60np0B0A; 7 -
TOn/inBHbiw Tpy60np0B0fl; 8 -
r/iaBHbiPi B03flyujHbiPi KaHa/i; 9 -
B03flyujHbiPi naTpy60K; 10 - ujTy-uep
jihhhh ynpaBJieHUH; 11- pe-ry/
iATOp flaB/ieHna TOn/iuBa; 12 -
ujTyuep jihhhh 06paTH0r0 c/iuBa;
13 - a/ieicrpuHeCKuPi pa3teM; 1 4 -
ABnraTe/ib; 15 - u,nnnHflp
CncTeMa noAann B03Ayxa coAepxMT B03AywHyK> 3ac/ioHKy, pa3-
MeiueHHyio b maBHOM B03AywH0M KaHane 8 c 06pa30BaHMeM a o a p o c -
ce/ibHoro n 3aflpocce/ibHoro npocTpaHCTBa, a s t h mk TeMnepaTypbi
B03Ayxa n pery/iflTop xo/iocToro xoAa (PXX). BnycKHOM Tpy60np0B0A
6 coo6u;eH nepe3 ujTyuep 10 v pe3MHOBbiM uj/iaHr c pacxoAOMepoM
B03Ayxa. 35Y CBA3aH nepe3 3/ieKTpnHecKyio uenb c noTeHunoMeTpoM
n AaTHMKOM TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa.
OTAe/ibHbie cJjopcyHKM 3 ocymecTB/iflioT noAany Ton/iMBa bo Bny-cKHbie
naTpy6KM 2 KaxAoro un/iMHApa. Ohm pacno/iaraiOTCfl b Kopny-ce
rOJlOBKM 6/lOKa UWIMHAPOB M OTJlMHaiOTCfl OTHOCMTe/lbHO BblCOKMM
conpoTMB/ieHneM o6motok (12-16 Om). McicmoHeHMe cocTaB/inioT
<J)opcyHKn flB C c Typ6oHaAAyBOM, MMeioii;Me conpoTMB/ieHne o6m ot-km
4 -5 Om. Ha HeKOTOpbix aBT0M06nnax HOBoro n0K0/ieHMfl Ton/iMBo
noAaKrr HenocpeACTBeHHO b KaMepy cropaHun (HenocpeACTBeHHbiM
BnpbiCK).
CTpyKTypHan cxeMa cucTeMbi pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/in-
Ba (puc. 1.6) coAepxMT BnycKHOM Tpy60np0B0A 6, Ton/iMBHyio paMny
5 c pery/iflTopoM 9 AaB/ieHun Ton/iMBa m ApocceJibHbm naTpy6oK 4 c
B03AyUJH0M 33C/10HK0M 3.
OcHOBHbiMM 3/ieMeHTaMM cucTeMbi pacnpeAeJieHHoro BnpbicKa
HBJlfllOTCfl pacxoAOMep 2 B03Ayxa, C006w,eHHblM c B03AyUJHblM CjjM/lb-tpom,
35Y n Ton/inBHbie 3M O 7, pa3Meu;eHHbie bo BnycKHOM KaHane
20. 35H 14 nepe3 Tpy60np0B0A HM3Koro AaB/ieHun 13 v ujTyuep 12
coo6meH c Ton/iMBHbiM 6aKOM 11, a nepe3 Tpy6onpoBOA 17 m ctw/ibTp
tohkom ohmctkm Ton/iMBa 18 coo6w,eH c Ton/iMBHOM paMnoM 5. Pery-
21
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
25. CucreMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix aBHrare/ieti
Puc. 1.6. CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa cucTeMbi pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa
1 - c n p H M /iH io m a H pemeTKa; 2 - p a c x o A O M e p B0 3 fly x a ; 3 - B0 3 fly iu H a s i 3 a -
c/iO H K a; 4 - flp o c c e /ib H b iP i n a T p y 6 oi<; 5 - T o n /in s H a a p a M n a ; 6 - BnycKHOM
T p y 6 0 n p 0 B0f l; 7 - cfio p cyH K a ; 8 - BaKyyMHbiPi uj/iaHr; 9 - p e ry /iH T O p A a s n e H U fl
T O n /iu B a ; 10 - c /ih b h o m T p y 6 0 n p 0 B0f l; 11 - TO nnnBHbiM 6 a<; 12 - Ton/iMBHbiPi
u jT y u e p ; 13 - T p y 6 0 n p 0 B0 f l HH3 K o ro fla B /ie H n a ; 14 - a/ie icrpM H e cK u P i T O ru in B -
HbiPi Hacoc; 15 - K /ieM N ta; 16 - a jie ic rp u H e c K U M np O B O fl; 17 - T p y 6 0 n p 0 B0 f l
B b icO K o ro fla e n e H U H , 18 - cfin/ibTp to h k o m o h u c tk m Tonnnea; 19 - Tpy6onpo-
BOfl nOflasM TOn/iMBa; 20 - BnycKHOPi KaHa/i; 21 - BnycKHOPi naTpy6o<
ziflT op AaBjieHM H T on/iM B a 9 n e p e 3 c /imbh o m Tpy60np0B0A 10 c o o 6 -
m eH c TormMBHbiM 6aKOM, a n e p e 3 BaKyyMHbiM w/iai-ir 8 c o o 6 w ,e H c
3aflP 0C C e/lbH blM npOCTpaHCTBOM.
C ncTeM a noA ann B03Ayxa coA epxM T B03AywHyio 3ac/ioH Ky 3,
pa3MeLueHHyio c 06pa30BaHMeM AOAPOCce/ibHoro m 3aflpocce/ibHoro
npocTpaHCTBa, pe3MCTop, asthmk TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa n PXX. 3EY
CBA3aH nepe3 a/ieKTpunecKne uenn c noTeHunoMeTpoM m AaTHMKOM
TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa.
5/ioKynpaB/ieHMf), ncnojib3yfl bxoahom CMman B03AywH0r0 noTO-Ka
n nacTOTy BpameHMfl KB ABnraTe/if), BbiHMCJiaeT no hum KO/iMHecT-bo
He06xc>AWM0r0 Ton/inBa ajih 06pa30BaHMfl onTMManbHoro cocTaBa
ropioneM CMecn. B AanbHeMiueM aneicrpuHecKMM cnoco6oM OTKpbiBa-
KDTCf) 3Mct> bo BnycKHbix KaHa/iax Ka>KAoro unnwHApa. 3BY kohtpo/im-pyeT
cnma^bi c^yHKUMOHa/ibHbix AaTHMKOB, yBe/innnBaeT win yMeHb-iuaeT
np0A0/i>KMTe/ibH0CTb OTKpbiTMf) 3Mct>, TeM caMbiM pery/inpy?)
KO/IMHeCTBO TOn/lMBa, nOABOAMMOTO AJ151 C03AaHMfl OnTMMa^bHOrO co-
CTaBa roptoneM CMecn.
22
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
26. rnaBa 1. KoHcrpyicrnBHbie vt OKCnjiyaraiiHOHHbie 0C06eHH0CTH
cucTeM BnpbicKa ronnuB a
B coBpeMeHHbix CMCTeMax Bee 6o/ibiuee pacnpocTpaHeHne no/iy-saeT
cxeMa HenocpeACTBeHHoro BnpbicKa 6eH3uHa b um/imhap ABnra-re/
iq, o6ecneHMBaKDii;afl pa6oiy p,BVra~rem Ha Hpe3BbinaMHO 6eAHOM
cMecn. Oo pc yH KM HenocpeACTBeHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iHBa b umjimha-pbi
ABMraTe/ia OT/iMHaiOTCfl BbicoKMM pa6oHMM HanpqxeHneM s/ieicr-poMarHma
(100 B).
Ynpou;eHHaf) CTpyKTypHafl cxeMa 3BY, M3r0T0B.neHHafl Ha 6a3e
M M K p o n p o u e c c o p a c fju p M b i Siemens, n p u B e A e H a Ha p u c . 1 .7 . 3/ieicr-
P o h h n m 6 jio k y n p a B J ie H M fl o 6 e c n e H M B a e T ynpaB/ieHMe pa6oH M M M
n p o u e c c a M n cJjyHKUM O Ha/ibHbix 3 /ie M e H T O B n c u c T e M aBT0 M 0 6 n rm .
Puc. 1.7. CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa
3/ieK T p0H H 0r0 6/iOKa y n p a B /ie H n a
1 - 03y; 2 - nn3y; I - apmt>MeTU-K0-/
i0rnHecK0e ycTpofiCTBo; II -
n o p T «BBO fl/BbiBO fl»; III - LunHa;
IV - MUKponpoueccop
3 B Y coA epxM T apn<J)MeTMK0- /i0rMHecK0e ycTpoMCTBO I, nopT II
«BBOA/BblBOA» HH(J)OPMaUMM, MMKpOnpOLieCCOp (Mn) IV M yCTpOMCTBO
ynpaB/ieHM fi, o 6ecneHMBaKDii;ee c o r/ia c o B a H n e n KoopAM Hauwo p a 6o-
Tbi c o d a B H b ix nacTePi cucTeM bi, reH epaT op TaKTOBbix MMny/ibCOB n
4)opM npoBaTe/ib cn m a n o B . OyHKuwoHanbHbie KOMnoHeHTbi 3BY aneK-TpMHeCKM
COeAHHeHbl Me>KAy C060M nOCpeACTBOM CMCTeMHOM LDMHbl III.
M u K p o n p o u e c c o p IV n p e A C T a B /in e T c o 6 o P i M H T e rp a /ib H y io c x e -
M y, C M O H T n p o B a H H y io H a M M H u a T io pH oP i K p e M H u e B O M n /ia c T M H e Ha
o a h o m K p u c T a /i/ie 6 o J ib iu o M M H T e rp a/ib H O M c x e M b i (BMC). 0 6 " b e A n -
H e H n e 3 /ie M e H T O B Mn H a o a h o m K p u c T a /i/ie n o B b im a e T H a A e x H O C T b
n 6 b iC T p o A e M C T B n e e r o p a 6 o T b i. Mn n e p e 3 rn n H y A a H H b ix n a A p e c -
H yio LUMHy c o o 6 u ;e H c o n e p a T M B H b iM 3 a n o M M H a io ii;M M y c T p 0 M C T B 0 M
(03Y), n o cT O flH H b iM n p o rp a M M n p y e M b iM 3 a n o M M H a io ii;M M y c T p o M C T -
b o m (nn3Y) n 3 /ie K T p n M e c K M n p o rp a M M M p y e M b iM 3 a n o M M H a io ii;M M
yCTpOMCTBOM (3ri3Y).
A pucpM ernK O -nornH ecK oe ycrpotiC TBO npeAHa3HaneHO A-nsi 0 6 -
p a 6 o T K M M H c{)opM auM M n o n p o r p a M M e , 3 a n n c a H H O M b nn3Y, B b in o /i-
23
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
27. CMCTeMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3MHOBbix ABMrare/ieM
HeHMfl pacneTOB m KOMaHA ynpaB/ieHnq Mcno/iHMTe/ibHbiMM Mexa-
HM3MaMM, a Taioxe 3anoMMHaHMH npeAbiAymero pe>KMMa pa6 oTbi
ABnraTe/in.
fl/ia xpaHeHMH MH<})opMauMM 6 /iok ynpaBJieHun coAepxMT Tpn Tuna
BHyTpeHHeM naMHTM: 03Y 1, nn3Y 2 m 3n3Y.
OneparMBHoe aanoMiwaiomee ycTpoficTBo (03Y) npeflCTaBnqeT
C0 6 0 M Ha6 op 3/ieKTpOHHblX KOMnOHeHTOB B BMAe KOHAeHCaTOpOB M
TpurrepoB, pacno/ioxeHHbix Ha nenaTHOM n/iaTe 03Y. no Mepe Heo6 -
XOAMMOCTM Mn MOXeT BHOCMTb B Hero MHCj)OpMaUMKD M/IM CHMTblBaTb
ee, a Taioxe xpaHMTb m 0 6 H0 B/isrrb AaHHbie anropMTMa caM0 0 6 yHeHMfl.
03 Y coAepxMT onepaTMBHyKD MH<t>opMauMio, xapaicrepHyio Ana TeKy-w,
ero MOMeHTa BpeMeHM (nacTOTa BpameHMf) KB ABnraTe/in, TeMne-paTypa,
p,auneHve b BT, koaw olum6 ok, no/ioxeHMe APocce/ibHbix
3aC/10H0K).
riaMHTb 03Y npeAHa3HaneHa p/w BpeMeHHoro xpaHeHMfl pacneT-Hbix
napaMeTpoB nporpaMMbi ynpaB/ieHMa, aAanTauMOHHbix HacTpoeK
m koaob HencnpaBHOCTeM, 3acf)MKCMpoBaHHbix 3EY b npouecce pa6o-
Tbi. B MMKpocxeMax 03Y coAepxMTCH MH<})opMauMfl, M3MeHfieMaq b
npouecce pa6oTbi 3BY, m npoMexyTOHHbie AaHHbie, Heo6xoAMMbie
Ann pa6oTbi nporpaMMbi. 03Y xapaKTepn3yeTcn BbicoKoi/i CKopocTbio
3anncn M HTeHMfl MHCj)OpMaUMM. npn BblK/IIOHeHMM 3BY AaHHbie, xpa-
Hfliunecf) b 03Y, TepmoTca. 06teM 03Y 38bmcmt o t KO/innecTBa m Tuna
ncnorib3yeMbix MMKpocxeM.
3aKOHbi ynpaB/ieHMfl ABnraTe/ieM b 3BY c b o a h t b BMAe Ta6nnu
M/IM C^yHKUMOHa/lbHblX 3aBMCMMOCTeM. STa naMflTb AB/lfleTCf) 3HeprO-
3aBncnMOM m Tpe6yeT 6ecnepe6oMHoro nuTaHMH &nn ee coxpaHeHun,
npn OTK/iiOHeHMM nuTaHMq m/im naAeHMM HanpaxeHMH b ceTM HM>xe 6 B
coAepxamMeca b 03Y AMarHOCTMHeCKMe KOAbi HeMcnpaBHOCTeM,
pacneTHbie napaMeTpbi m AaHHbie caM006yHeHMH CTMpaiOTCfl.
riocTOfiHHOe n p o rp a M M u p y e M o e 3anoMMHatoiu,ee ycrpoficT B O
(nn3Y) coA epxM T o 6 m y io n p o rp a M M y ynpaB/ieHMH, o6ecnenM B aio-m
yio noc/ieAO BaTe/ibHoe Bbino/iHeHMe pa6onMX KOMaHA, m pa3/iMHHyio
Ka/iM6 p0 B0 HHyi0 MHcJjopMauMio. B naMATM nn3Y HaxoAflTcn MaTpMubi,
Ta6 /iMUbi, 3HaneHMf) nonpaBOHHbix K03ct)(t)MUMeHT0B, Heo6 xoAMMbie
Ana pacneTOB AnnTe/ibHOCTM ynpaB/iqioii;MX MMny/ibcoB 3Mcfc, Be/iM-HMHbi
ym a onepexeHMf) 3ax<MraHMfl m CTaHAapTHbie nporpaMMbi, 3a-nMcaHHbie
b MMKpocxeMy naMsmi Ha 3aB0Ae-M3r0T0BMTe/ie. riaMHTb
nn 3 Y n03B0/lfleT TO/lbKO CHMTblBaTb XpaHflW,MeCH B HeM ASHHbie M flB-
/meTCfl 3Hepr0He3aBMCMM0M. MHc^opMauMa b Hei/i 3anMcaHa c{)M3MHe-
CKMM MeTOAOM (npO>KMraHMeM) MMKpOCXeMbl npM M3TOTOB/ieHMM 3BY
24
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
28. O rasa 1. KoHcrpyKTMBHbie h aKcnnyaraixnOHHue 0C06eHH0CTU
CMCreM BnpbicKa ronnuBa
h He MOxeT 6biTb M3MeHeHa b 3Kcn/iyaTauMM, coxpaHfleTca npn Bbi-
K/iiOHeHMM 6/iOKa ynpaB/ieHMfl.
nn3y Bbi6MpaiOT MHAHBMAya/ibHO b 3aBMCMMOCTM ot KOMn/ieKTa-u,
mm aBT0M06nna. ripn ee 3aMeHe BaxHO npaBM/ibHO ycTaHOBMTb mo-
Ae/ib m KOMrvieKTauwo aBT0M06n/if). ripn 3aMeHe HencnpaBHoro 3EY
He06x0AMM0 ocTaB/iflTb npexHee nn3Y.
naMHTb 3EY cnoco6Ha 3anncaTb 8 6mt m/im 1 6awx. CoBpeMeH-Hbiti
3BY CHa6>KeH cneu,Ma/iM3MpoBaHHbiM 16-pa3paAHbiM Mn. B nep-cneKTMBe
mnpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHne no/iynaT 3BY HOBoro nora/ie-h
h h , BbinoJiHeHHbie Ha 6a3e 32-pa3pfiAHoro MMKponpoueccopa.
n p o r p a M M a 3BY B 03M 0>K H bix p e x M M O B m ycn o B M M p a 6 o T b i A B n r a -
rena 3 a n n c a H a b aneMKe M M K p o c x e M b i riaMHTM n n 3 Y m n o 3 B o n a e T
TO/lbKO CHMTblBaTb MH({)OpMaUMIO. nn3Y yC T aH aB /lM B aiO T Ha O T A e /lb -
hom n a H e /in rm a T b i 3BY m n p n S K C rm yaTauM M OHa M o x e T 6 b iT b M 3 B /ie -
'ieHa M3 3BY m 3aMeHeHa ApyroM.
n n 3 Y HaxoAHTCf) b OTAe/ibHOM 6noi<e b 3anoMMHaioii;eM ycTpoM-CTBe
Ka/in6p0B0K, pacno/ioxeHHOM BHyrpn 3BY noA ero KpbiLDKOM.
nn3Y 3aMeTHO ycTynaeT 03Y n o ra6apnTaM m cmkoctm. fl/m nepe-riporpaMMnpoBaHMfl
3BY Heo6xoAMMa nporpaMMa-3arpy3HMK, aAan-rep
« K - L in e » m nepcoHa/ibHbiM KOMnbiOTep. npoueccop npomnBaiOT Ha
3aB0Ae-M3r0T0BMTe/ie, oh MOxeT MMeTb pa3Hbie BepcMM nporpaMM.
ycrpoiicTBO KanuQpoBOK coAepxMT MHcJ)opMaumo o Macce aBTO-mo6m/
ih, ABnraTene, TpaHCMMcCMM, r/iaBHOM nepeAane m HeraTopbie
APyrne AaHHbie. 3BY 6e3 3anoMMHaioii;erocf) ycTpoMCTBa MoxeT npn-
MeHHTbCH Ha HeKOTOpbix aBT0M06n/iflx. 3anoMMHaioii;ee ycTp0MCTB0
Ka^n6p0B0K npnMeHfiiOT MHAMBMAya/ibHO Kax<Aoro aBT0M06M/m.
npn 3aMeHe 3BY 3anoMMHaiomee ycTpoMCTBo Ka/iM6p0B0K ao/dkho
ocTaBaTbcn Ha aBT0M06M/ie. riaMHTb n n 3 Y He MoxeT 6biTb M3MeHeHa
i/i/in yAa/ieHa noc/ie ee ycTaHOBKM. noAo6Haa naMATb He Hy>KAaeTCf) b
MCTOHHMKe nMT3HMM AJ1H COXpaHeHMfl 3anMCaHHOM B HeM MHCj)OpMa-umm,
KOTopan He CTnpaeTCf) npn OTK/iiOHeHMM mctohhmio nMTaHMfl.
SneKTpwnecm nporpaMMupyeMoe 3anoMMHatoiu,ee ycrpoiicTBO
(3n3Y) npeACTaBJiaeT co6om a/ieicrpMHecKM nporpaMMnpyeMoe 3a-i
lOMMHaiomee ycTpoMCTBo, 3HeproHe3aBMCMMaa riaMATb KOToporo
coAepxMT nacnopTHbie AaHHbie 6/iOKa ynpaB/ieHMf). Yctpomctbo Bbi-i
lo/iHeHo b BMAe MMKpocxeMbi naMATM, b KOTopyio 3ariMcaHa mhc{)OP-Mau,
Mfl o TMne annapaTypbi KOMnbiOTepa m ero HacTpoi/iKe. 3 n 3 Y mc-no^
b3yioT BpeMeHHOTO xpaHeHMfl KOAOB-napo/ieM np0TMB0yr0H-iioPi
CMCTeMbi aBT0M06M/ifl (MMMo6M/iM3aTopa). KoAbi-napo/iM cpaB-iiMBaiOTCfl
c AaHHbiMM, xpaHMMbiMM b 3 ll3 y , m npM 3tom pa3peujaeTC?)
25
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
29. CucreMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix /xBnrareneH
m/im 3 a npeLnaeT C ?) n y c K A B M ra T e /ifl. riaMATb 3 n 3 Y npM xe/iaHMM B c e -
r f l a m o x h o nepe3ariMcaTb. Y c t p o m c t b o H e Tpe6yeT 3/ieKTpMnecKoro
riMTaHM?) A /in xpaHeHMfl MHcJ)opMauMM, T.e. npM o tk /ik d h b h m m 3 E Y o t
MCTOHHMKa riM TaHM fl 3 a n M c a H H b ie 3 H aneH M fl B b iiu e y K a 3 a H H b ix napa-
MeTpOB He M3MeHf)KDTCf).
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npOBOAOB, 06beflMHeHHblX no pa3/lMHHblM npM3HaK3M. OHa
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o6ecneHMBaKDu;Me 3cJ)cJ)eKTMBHyio pa6oiy 6/iOKa ynpaB/ieHMn.
lilMHa AaHHbix o6ecneHMBaeT o6MeH MHcJ)0pMauM0HHbiMM MaTe-pMa/
iaMM. 3EY nepe3 uiMHy AaHHbix co6MpaeT MHcfjopMauMio coctoh-
HMfl ABMraTera OT Cj)yHKUMOHa/lbHblX AaTHMKOB, nOAK/llOHeHHblX K 3EY
c noMombio x ry ra ynpaB/ieHMfl. UlMHa aApeca o6ecnenMBaeT nepe-
Aany aApeca aneMKM naMSTM mj im yCTpoMCTBa «BBOAa/BbiBOAa», uiMHa
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06w,afl uiMHa, o6beAHHmoma?) Tpu c^yHKUMOHa/ibHbie muHbi, Ha3biBa-eTCf)
CMCTeMHOM.
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npOBOAOB, uiMHa aApeca - 16, a uiMHa ynpaB/ieHMfl - 5 npOBOAOB.
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yCTpoMCTBa m noAK/nonaTb mx k 3BY. UlMHa ynpaB/ieHMfl Bbino/i-
HeHa 0AH0np0B0AH0M, a uiMHa aApeca ziMiub nepeAaeT CMma/ibi Mn m
Bbino/iHeHa AByHanpaB/ieHHOM.
Pa3pf)AHOCTb LilMHbl A3HHblX HB/lfleTCH HaM60/iee BaXHbIM CBOMCT-bom
M n . EbiCTpoAeMCTBMe 3BY yBe/iMHMBaeTCf) c poctom pa3pnAHO-ctm
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npoueccopa.
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c a M M e p e 3 uiM H y. n o /iy H M B M e p e 3 yCTpoM CTBO « B B O A /B b iB O A » H e o 6 x o -
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MeTpMHeCKMX, pe3MCTOpHblX) B 3HaHMTe/lbHOM CTeneHM 33BMCMT OT
CTa6M/ibHOCTM HanpfixeHMfl nMTaHMH. Ko/ie6aHMfl HanpaxeHMfl nMTa-
HMfl Bbl3blBaiOT M3MeHeHMf) Be/lMHMHbl BblXOAHOTO CMma/ia, Ha KOTO-pbie
3BY 6yAeT pearMpoBaTb nonbiTKoi/i M3MeHMTb pexMM pa6oTbi
26
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30. rnaaa 1. KoHcrpyKTHBHbie u sKCnjiyaraixnoHHue 0C06eHH0CTH
_________________ cucTeM BnpbicKa TOrwviBa__________________
ABnraTe/if). nmanwe AaTHMKOB napaMeTpunecKoro Tuna ocymecTB/i?)-
OTCfl 3Ta/10HHblM (CTa6MJ1M3MpOBaHHblM) HanpflXeHMeM nOCTOflHHOrO,
n3BecTHoro 35Y, ypoBHf) - 06biHH0 5 B.
CMCTeMa ynpaBneHm 9BY MMeeT BCTpoeHHyio AnamocTMHecKyio
((jyHKumo m npeAynpexAaeT BOAHTe/ia o B03M0XHbix oiiin6Kax b c mc -
ieMe ynpaBJieHMfl ABnraTe/ieM. 3Ty MHctJopMauMio mo x h o nponecTb
Liepe3 AnarHOCTMHecKMM pa3teM m/im no CBeTy ziaMnbi. Ee ncno/ib3y-
IOT B OCHOBHOM AH?) aHa/lM3a M BpeMeHHOTO XpaHeHMfl 3HaHeHMM npa-
MeipoB, npMMeHfleMbix b pacneTax.
B 03Y Cj)MKCMpyKDTCf) KOAbl HeMCnpaBHOCTeM, B03HMKaKDLAMe B
npouecce pa6oTbi CMCTeMbi. CoAepxaHMe 03Y MoxeT 6biTb nepe3a-iiMcaHO,
a b c/iynae c6poca nMTaHM?) c 35Y MHcJjopMauufi TepaeTCH.
KaJiM6p0B0HHa?) MHc{)opMauMf) (Ka/in6poBKa) npeACTaBjineT co-
6om onTMMajibHbie napaMeTpbi ynpaB/ieHMf) CMCTeMaMM BnpbicKa, 3a-
^MraHMfl, pexMMOM XX.
35Y HenpepbiBHO o6pa6aTbiBaeT MHcJ)opMauMio o t pa3/iMHHbix
AaTHMKOB M ynpaBJlfleT BblXOAHbIMM UenflMM (})OpCyHOK, CMCTeMbi 3/ieK-ipoHHoro
3a>KMraHMf), pery/ifrropa XX m pa3/iMHHbiMM pe/ie. Oh o6pa-
OaTbiBaeT nojiyneHHyio MHcJjopMauMio b cootb6tctbmm c 3a/i0>KeHH0M
nporpaMMOM m o6ecneHMBaeT ynpaB/ieHMe ncno/iHMTe/ibHbiMM Mexa-
HM3M3MM CMCTeMbi B OnTMMa/lbHOM pe>KMMe pa60Tbl ABMraTe/lfl.
OyHKuMOHa/ibHaf) cxeMa MMKponpoueccopHOM CMCTeMbi ynpaB-
;ieHM9 ABMraTe/ieM (pmc. 1.8) coAepxMT cJjyHKUMOHa/ibHbifi 6/iok
nueiiiHMX AaTHMKOB I, ycTp0MCTB0 conpflxeHMfi ALin II, Mn V, nopT
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Me>KAy co6om c noMoiAbio 3/ieKTpnHecKOM uenM (iiiMHbi). Mn V npefl-craB/
meT co6om ueHTpa/ibHoe yCTp0MCTB0 ynpaB/ieHMfl cmctcmom nM-iaHMfl
no onpeAe/ieHHbiM nporpaMMaM, 3a/io>KeHHbiM b Hero npM M3-
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cxeMy) c pa3Mem,eHHbiMM Ha Heti MMKpocxeMaMM, onepaTMBHoe 3a-noMMHaioii;
ee YCTPOMCTBO VII, nn3Y VIII m 3/ieKTpMnecKM nporpaMMM-pyeMoe
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MOMOtMblO AByX BMHTOB.
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ocyiuecTB/ineT o6pa6oTKy M H c {)o p M a u M M n o 3 a n p o c a M nepe3 <£yH K -
n,noHa/ibHyio ujMHy.
Oc h o bo m CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMa ABMraTe/ifl nB/ineTCf) npoueccop
c pa6oneM nacTOTOM 41 MTu. Ha s t o m xe nnaie HaxoAHTCf) cepMMHbiM
27
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31. CucTeMbi Bnpbicica 6eH3MHOBbix /jBnrare/ieit
HHTep4)eMC 03Y VII m n n 3 y VIII. AonojiHMTe/ibHbiM 6/iok naMATM co-ctomt
M3 0 3 y XIV n n n 3 y XV. B/iok MHTepcbei/ica BicniOHaeT Ancn/ieM
Mn nepe3 BbixoAHyio CTyneHb IX v ynpaB/iaeT BbixoAHbiMM uennMn
4)opcyHKM, cucTeMbi 3/ieKTpoHHoro 3axnraHMfl, pery/if)Topa XX v pa3-
jinMHbiMM pe/ie nyTeM ynpaB/ieHMH uenbio 3a3eM/ieHMn nepe3 HaxoA^-
lAMeCf) B HeM TpaH3MCTOpbl.
flucKpeTHbie cuma/ibi 6/ioKa BHeiiiHnx AaTHMKOB 1-6 nociynaiOT
Ha ycTpoficTBO cJjopMnpoBaHMf) MMny/ibcoB v conpqxeHMfl II m npeo6-
pa3yiOTCfl b uncJ)poBbie cuma/ibi. 3aTeM ohm no rnuHe AaHHbix nepe3
nopTbi «BBOA/BbiBOA» nociynaiOT HenocpeACTBeHHO b Mn V.
AHanoroBbie cuma/ibi 7-14 nociynaiOT Ha ALin, npeo6pa3yiOTCfl
b unc|)poByio <$>opMy n nociynaiOT b Mn. Cuma/i asthmkb XVII nacTOTbi
BpameHM?) KB AsuraTe/if) npeo6pa3yeTca b MHTerpa/ibHOM cxeMe
4)opMnpoBaTe/if) MMny/ibcoB XVI v noAaeTC?) b Mn V. 3 to t cw>ian mc-no/
ib3yeTCfl An?) 3anycKa pe/ie 23 3BH nepe3 BbixoAHyio CTyneHb XIII.
no/iyneHHaf) MHcJjopMaunfl xpaHMTca b 03Y MMKponpoueccopa co
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HMTbCH BO BHeiilHeM n n3 y. npM BblK/IIOHeHMH 3aXMraHMfl BCfl MHCj)Op-
Maunf), xpaHf)ii;af)Cf) b 03 y, TepneTCfl.
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I - 6/lOK BHeLUHHX flaTHUKOB AUCKpeTHblX CUma/lOB; II - BXOflHOM 4>OpMHpOBa-
Te/ib (yCTp0MCTB0 conpaxeHUfl) AU,n; III - CTa6n/in3aTOp HanpaxeHUH; IV -
apm^MeTusecKOe norusecKoe ycTpOMCTBO; V - Mil; VI - ALUT, VII - 0 3 y; VIII -
n n3 y; IX - BbixOflHaa CTyneHb (KacKafl ycwieHUH) cf>yHKu,noHanbHbix cucTeM
flBC; X - BbixoflHaa uenb ncno/iHHTe/ibHbix MexaHM3MOB; XI - ncno/iHHTe/ib-
Hbie MexaHH3Mbi; XII - fluarHOCTnneCKuPi pa3teM ; XIII - BbixOflHan CTyneHb
(Kacrafl ycn/ieHna) 4>yHKuuOHa/ibHbix cucTeM flBC; XIV - BHeujHee 0 3 y; XV -
BHeuJHee I"in3y; XVI - cfiopMnpoeaTenb HMnynbCoe; XVII - flaTHUK sacTOTbi
BpameHna KB; XVIII - cornacyiomee yCTpOMCTBO AUJT, XIX - yCTpOMCTBO AaTHMKOB
aHa/ioroBbix cuma/iOB; 1 - flaTHUK cucTeMbi 3a>KMraHMH; 2 - flaTHUK
nonoxeHnsi pacnpeflennTenbHoro Ba/ia; 3 - flar-inK ckopoctu; 4 - flaTMHK cry-neHM
kopo6kh nepeflas (Kfl); 5 - flaTHMK pei4MpKy/ifli4nn; 6 - flaTHUK kohahum-
OHepa; 7 - Aar-MK TeMnepaTypbi ox/iaxflaiomePi >khakoctm; 8 - flaTHUK fleTO-Haunn;
9 - flaTHUK TeMnepaTypbi BcacbiBaeMoro B03flyxa; 1 0 - flaTHMK aflcop-
6epa; 11 - flaTHUKno/ioxeHnnflpocce/ibHOii3ac/i0HKn; 12-X -30ha; 7 3 -fla T -
hhk Macc0B0r0 pacxofla B03flyxa; 14 - HanpaxeHne 6aTapen; 15 - hctohhhk
nmaHUfl; 1 6 - 4>opcyHKn; 1 7 - MapujpyTHbifi KOMnbiOTep; 18 - 3/ieKTpnsecKMM
6eH30Hacoc; 19 - HarpeBaTe/ib flaTHUKa Kuc/iopofla; 20 - pery/iflTOp cucTeMbi
xo/iocToro xofla; 21 - BeHTH/iHTOp cucTeMbi ox/ia>KfleHHfl; 22 - MOfly/ib cucTe-
Mbi 3a>KnraHna; 23 - pe/ie 3/ieKTpnsecKOro 6eH3HH0B0ro Hacoca (3BH); 24 -
r/iaBHoe pe/ie; 25 - K/ianaH npoflyBKn aflcop6epa; 26 - KOMnpeccop kohah-
UMOHepa; 27 - CMma/ibHan ziaMna
28
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru
32. r naaa 1. KOHCTpyKTUBHbie u OKcnjiyaraiiMOHHbie 0C06eHH0CTU
cvicreM BnpbicKa ron/iuBa__________________
A H a/ioroB bie c u m a /ib i AaTHMKOB ctw/ibTpyiOTCfl o t Ay6/inpoBaHMf)
nepeA npe06pa30B aH neM mx b uncfjpoBbie KOflbi. EflMHCTBeHHbiM mck-fiKDseHneM
aB/ineTCf) uenb ynpaB /ieH un p e /ie cucTeM bi nuTaHMfi. OHa
wB/iaeTCH eflMHCTBeHHOM u e n b io , b kotopom 3Ey yn p a B ra e T H a n p a x e -
nneM 12 B, noAaBaeMbiM Ha KaTyiiiKy p e /ie . Bu b o a 3a3eM/ieHMfl Ka-lyiuKM
p e /ie CMCTeMbi nw T a n m coeflMHeH c «MaccoPi» A B nraTe/ifi.
Mctohhmk HanpflxeHMf) 15 nepe3 BHyTpeHHMM CTa6miM3aTop Ha-npflxeHMfi
III c BbixoAHbiM HanpaxeHneM 5 B o6ecneHMBaeT nuTaHwe
MMKponpoueccopa, MMKpocxeM 03Y, bxoahhx ctjopMnpoBaTe/ieti, ALin
M aKTMBHbIX AaTHMKOB (a6CO/lKDTHOrO AaB/ieHMfl, paCXOAa B03Ayxa MJ1M
AaBJieHMf) b BT, no/ioxeHun APOCce/ibHOM 3acjiOHKM). 3/ieKTpoHHbiM
finOK CHa6>KeH AByMH CTa6miM3aTopaMM HanpqxeHMHMM - 5 n 8 B.
29
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BHeiuHflf) naMHTb pacno/iaraeTcq Ha MamnTHbix vnv onTnnecKnx
AMCKax. 3anncb m CHMTbiBaHne MHctJopMaunn npn pa6oTe c BHeuiHeM
naMATbKD nponcxoAMT MeflJieHHee no cpaBHeHMio c 03Y . BHeuiHflfl
naMATb MMeeT 6oJibiuoM o6teM m coAepxaHne ee He M3MeHaeTCH npn
BbiK/iKDHeHMM 3EY. nocne cJjopMnpoBaHMfi ynpaB/iaiomMx curHa/ioB c
Heo6xoAMMbiMM napaMeTpaMn o h m nociynaiOT Ha BbixoAHbie kjiiohm
(ApaMBepbi) AJ13 ycn/ieHMfl no TOKy m a ^ ynpaBJieHun ncno/iHMTe/ib-
HblMM 3/ieMeHTaMM.
Hnn «3/iKap» BbinycKaeT cneuna/ibHbie Bepcnn 6/ioKa ynpaB/ieHMf)
209.3763 m x r y r npOBOAOB CMCTeMbi Ana ABnraTe/if) 3M 3-4063.10,
n03B0/if)KDu;Me nepeicmoHaTb nporpaMMy ynpaB/ieHMfl 3a>KnraHneM
npn pa6oTe Ha 6eH3MHe m/im o k m x b h h o m HecJ)TS)HOM ra3e.
ripn BK/iiOHeHMM 3a>KMraHMH 3BY BK/iiOHaeT r/iaBHoe pene m 3a-
AepxMBaeT ero BbiK/iiOHeHMe Ha BpeMfl okojio 8 c, Heo6xoAMMoe Ana
noAroTOBKM k cneAyioii;eMy BK/iiOHeHwo (3aBepiueHMe BbiHMC/ieHMM,
yCTaHOBKa P X X b nonoxeHMe, cooTBeTCTByiomee 3anycKy ABMraTe/in).
35Y o6ecneHMBaeT c{)opMMpoBaHMe MOMeHTa noAanM m AJiMTe/ibHO-ctm
MMny/ibca a/ieicrpMHecKoro TOKa ajih pa6oTbi 3M O m KaTyweK 3a-
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3epBH0M pe>KMMe npM BbixoAe m3 CTpoa OTAe/ibHbix aneMeHTOB cmc-
TeMbi, K0HTp0/ib m caMOAMamocTMpoBaHMe HencnpaBHOCTefi cucTe-
Mbl, nO/iynaeT nOCTOHHHO MH({)OpMaUMIO OT pa3/lMHHblX AaTHMKOB M
ynpaB/iaeT Mcno/iHMTe/ibHbiMM MexaHM3MaMM, o6ecneHMBaa onTM-Ma/
ibHyio pa6oTy ABMraTe/in.
3/ieKTpoHHbie K0Mn0HeHTbi ueHTpa/ibHoro ynpaB/iaiomero
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3/ieMeHTbi KpennT HenocpeACTBeHHO k MeTawiMHecKMM a/ie-
MeHTaM Kopnyca Ana y/iyniueHMfl OTBOAa Ten/iOTbi.
5/iok ynpaB/ieHMH BbixoAHbiMM uenflMM 3Mcfc, cucTeMbi a/ieicrpoH-Horo
3axnraHMfl, PXX m pa3JiMHHbiMM pe/ie o6ecneHMBaeT 3aMbiKaHMe
m x uenei?i c «MaccoM» nepe3 BbixoAHbie TpaH3MCTOpbi. Oh MMeeT Bbi-boa
Ana noAK/iKDneHMf) uiTaTHOro TaxoMeTpa. HacTOTa MMny/ibCOB Ha
3tom BbiBOAe npn pa6oTe ABMraTe/iq C00TBeTCTByeT nacTOTe MCKpo-
06pa30BaHMfl Ha AByx KaTyiiiKax 3axMraHMH.
CoBpeMeHHbie 3 B Y ppn noMCKa onTMMa/ibHbix napaMeTpoB mc-no/
ib3yiOT cneuna/ibHbie MaTeMaTMnecKMe MeTOAbi pemeHMf) b yc/id-
BMflx HeonpeAe/ieHHOCTM. 3 B Y pa6oTaeT no a/iropMTMy Hei?ipoHHbix
ceTei?i. Bo/ibiiiMHCTBO coBpeMeHHbix 3 B Y ncno/ib3yiOT Taxxe a/iro-
PMTM HeneTKMX MHOXeCTB A ™ npMHSTMf) OnTMMa^bHOrO peweHMfl M
30
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c u c T eM BnpbicKa ron/iHBa
o6yHeHMH 3 E Y orvmMaribHOMy ynpaB/ieHm o. B bi6op cxeMbi onTMMa/ib-h
o t o ynpaB /ieH na 6a3M pyeTca Ha MeTOflax 6awec0BCK0M CTaTMCTMKM.
B c0BpeMeHH0M 3 E Y OT/iaflKM a /iro p n T M a ncno/ib3yiO T cucTeM y
MATLAB.
C ncTeM a caMOflMamocTMKM 6/ioK a npeflHa3HaneHa p jn Henpe-pblBHOM
CaMOflMarHOCTMKM BXOflHbIX M BblXOflHbIX UeneM, a TaiOKe He-
KOTopbix c^hkumm BHyTpeHHero COCTOHHMH 35Y.
B/iok ynpaB/ieHna c o fle p x m BCTpoeHHyio CMCTeMy caMOflnarHO-ctmkm,
onpefle/iaiomyio Ha/innne m xapaicrep pa6onnx HencnpaBHO-CTeM
M CMrHa/lM3MpyiOmyiO 0 HMX BOflMTeJllO BKJIIOHeHMeM KOHTpOJlb-hom
ziaMnbi «Check Engine». 35Y cHa6>KeH aBapnMHbiMM pe>KMMaMM,
o6ecneHMBaiomMMM 6/iM3Kyio k H0pMa.ribH0M pa6oiy aBT0M06MJiH npn
Rcex HencnpaBHoCTax. CncTeMa BCTpoeHHOM AMamocTMKM OTBenaeT
3a aBTOMaTnnecKoe noflflepxaHne pe3epBHbix pexnMOB pa6oTbi p jin
3Kcn/iyaTaunM aBT0M06MJiH npn Ha/inn mm HeMcnpaBHOCTeM. B npouecce
pa6oTbi flBMraTe/ia a/ieKTpoHHaa CMCTeMa ynpaB/ieHMH flBMra-leneM
(3C Y fl) CMHXpOHM3MpyeT MOMeHT 3a>KMraHM51 C MOMeHTOM M
;uiMTe/ibHOCTbio noflanM Ton/iMBa (BnpbicKMBaHMa). B coBpeMem-ibix
3BY ocymecTB/ieHMe c^hkumm caMOflMarHocTMKM 3aHMMaeT 50% pe-cypca
M n. B 6/iMxaMUjee BpeMH co3flaHMe 35Y HOBoro noKo/ieHMH
i)03M0>KH0 Ha 6a3e 32-pa3paflHoro Mn.
nepBOHana/ibHO CMCTeMa caMOflMarHocTMKM, pa3pa6oTaHHaa
(fiMpMOM Bendix, 6bi/ia ycTaHOB/ieHa b 1981 r. Ha aBT0M06M/ie 4)MpMbi
Cadillac. 3aTeM, b 1982 r., noaBM/iacb HOBaa CMCTeMa «KE-Jetronic»,
mcniOHaiomaa ^.-30Hfl m flM P B . B 1987 r. coKpameHMH np0M3B0fl-cTBeHHbix
M3flep>KeK BBefleHa CMCTeMa 0flH0T0HeHH0r0 BnpbicKMBa-nuq
fl/in He6o/ibiLiMx aBT0M06M/ieM. OHa npeflCTaBJiaeT co6om o6xofl-nyK)
nporpaMMy HeujTaTHOM pa6oTbi flBMraTe/ia.
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;iB T 0M 06M /ieM o 6 / ia fla io T c^yHKUMew c a M O flM a m o c T M K M , o 6 e c n e H M B a -
lOLLieM nOCTOHHHblfl KOHTPO/Ib COCTOHHMH flaTHM KOB, M C nO /lH M Te/lbH blX
y c T p o P icT B m y n p a B /iH io m M x u e n e M . B n p o u e c c e p a 6 o T b i 3 B Y n o c T O -
v ih h o o n p a u jM B a e T B e e flaTHMKM m M c n o /iH M T e /ib H b ie yC T poM C T B a c m c -
le M b i. B c /iy n a e b o 3 h m k h o b 6 h m h H e M c n p a B H o c T e w b jiio 6 o m m3 k o h t -
p o n M p y io m M x CMCTeM 3 B Y 3 3 h o c m t b c b o io naM H T b KO fl H e M c n p a B H o -
c m , n o K 0 T 0 p 0 M y m o>kho o n p e fle /iM T b H e M c n p a B H y io u e n b m/im
YCTPOMCTBO. KOfl HeM CnpaBHOCTM MO>KeT COCTOHTb M3 HeCKO/lbKMX
UM(J)p - O T flB y X flO nHTM. ,0/IH M3BJieHeHMH KOflOB M3 n3M51TM 3 B Y n p M -
m o h a io t p a 3 /iM H H b ie c n o c o 6 b i, 3 a B M c a m M e O T T M n a CMCTeMbi m rofla ee
iii.in y c K a .
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36. r n a e a 1. K o H c rp y K T H B H b ie n 3 K c n / iy a T a u n o H H b ie oco6enHocTn
cucreM B n p b ic K a To n / tn a a
GOCTOHHueM (Tpurrep UlMMflTa, GflH0Bn6paT0p) reHepupyeT MMny/ib-
CHbm cuma/i onpefle/ieHHoPi fl/iMTe/ibHocTM. CxeMa c a b y mh Hey-
GTOMHMBblMM COCTOHHMHMM Ha3blBaeTCfl My/lbTMBM6paTOpOM M npefl-
Ha3HaneHa reHepaunn noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHOCTM npaMoyro/ibHbix
curHa/ioB. My^bTMBn6paTop ncno/ib3yiOT b KanecTBe TaicroBoro reHep
a T o p a . B H H e t k a x M M K p o c x e M b i n a M H T M x p a H H T c a p a 3 /iM H H b ie M a T p n -
Ubi, Ta6/inubi, 3HaneHM5i n o n p a B O H H b ix Koactx^nuneHTOB, Heo6xofln-
Mbie M n pacneTa A/iMTe/ibHOCTM y n p a B /iq io m u x M M n y /ib c o B 3M<t>
m Be/iMHMHbi yr/ia onepexeHMfl 3a>KnraHnq.
P em crp npeACTaB/iaeT c o 6o m cxeMy fjn npneMa, xpaHeHMH m
nopeAann n-pa3pHAnoro 6/iOKa AaHHbix. PerncTpbi Mcno/ib3yioTCH
n;ia np0Me>xyT0HH0r0 xpaHeHMH, cAsura, npeo6pa30BaHMH m MHBep-c
mm AaHHbix m Bbino/iHqioTca Ha Tpurrepax m jiornnecKnx 3/ieMeHTax,
mx h mc j io m Tun onpeAe/iaioTCfi pa3p«AH0CTbi0 c/iOBa m Ha3HaneHMeM
pomcTpa.
3aflaioiuiiM reHeparop nMny/ibcoB npeAHa3HaneH a/ih cfiopMnpo-ii.
iHnq m noAann b 35Y onopHbix MMny/ibcoB, 4)opMMpyiomMx napa-
M O T p b l CMCTeMbi 3a>KMraHMfl. OnopHbIM MMny/lbC COOTBeTCTByeT mo-
MeHTy, KorAa nopwHeHb i-iaxoAMTCH b BMT m/im x e He AOCTMraeT BMT
na onpeAe/ieHHbiM yro/i, paBHbiw Hana/ibHOM ycTaHOBKe onepexeHMH
laxuraHMH. 3aAaiomMM reH e p a To p KMHeMaTMnecKM CBfl3aH c KB m b
I >(!CK0HTaKTH0M CMCTeMe 3aXMTaHMH B peXMMe XO/lOCTOrO XOAa Bbl-nonHqeT
po/ib ko h t3 k to b npepbiBaTe/ia. 35Y BbiHMc/iaeT Be/iMHMHy y r -
aa onepexeHMH 3axMraHMH 0TH0CMTe/ibH0 onopHbix MMny/ibcoB b 3a-
IIMCMMOCTM OT pe>KMMa p a 6 0 Tbl ABMraTe/ia - CKOPOCTM BpameHMH,
• i;»f py3KM m TeMnepaTypbi ABMraTe/iH.
B KanecTBe 3aAaiomero reHepaTopa Mcno/ib3yiOT AaTHMKM MHAyK-UMOHHoro
m onTMHecKoro TMnoB, a TaioKe AaTHMK Xo/i/ia, KOTopbie k m-h
(!MaTMnecKM cBa3aHbi c KB ABMraTe/iH. TeHepaTop Ha OCHOBe onTM-
'iccKoro AaTHMKa m/im AaTHMKa Xo/i/ia o6biHHo pacno/ioxeH b Kopnyce
pacnpeAe/iMTe/iq 3axMraHMH, a MHAyKUMOHHbiM AaTHMK - Ha MaxoBMKe
hum BHyTpM pacnpeAe/iMTe/iq 3axMraHMH.
AMn/iMTyAa MMny/ibcoB 33bmc mt o t n acT O T bi BpameHMH KB m M3-
MCMmeTca b LUMpoKMX npeAe/iax (o t 5 B Ha pexMMax xo/iocToro XOAa
upM 600 mmh "1 a o 0,1 B Ha pexMMax no/iHoro otkp htm h Apocce/ia).
i .iio k ynpaB/ieHMq npM noMomM AUn npeo6pa3yeT aHa/ioroBbm bma
i hi na/iOB AaTHMKa b UM<£poByio <£opMy. 3BY MMeeT BCTpoeHHyio c mc -
ii'My AnamocTMKM. Oh M O x e T pacno3HaBaTb HeMcnpaBHocTM b pa6o-ii'
CMCTeMbi, npeAynpexAaa o h mx BOAMTe/iq nepe3 KOHTpo/ibHyio
n.iMiiy «Check Engine».
33
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37. C u c r e M b i B n p b ic K a 6 e H 3H H O B b ix A B n r a r e / ie i i
re H e p a ro p MMnynbCOB (M y/ibTH B iiSpaTop) npeflHa3HaneH p jin o p -
ra H M 3 a u mm B b in o /iH e H M a TaKTOB, n o c /ie flO B a T e /ib H O c /ie fly io m M x flp y r
3a flp y r o M . T e H e p a T o p MHMUMMpyeT OHepeflHOM Taicr MaiuMHHOM KOMaH-flb
i. J lio 6 a H o n e p a u M a n p o u e c c o p a (M a u iM H H a a K O M a H fla ) c o c to m t m3
O T fle /ib H b ix a ^ e M e H T a p H b ix TaKTOB, m n e M n a m e c / ie f ly io T M M n y /ib c b i o t
r e H e p a T o p a , T eM 6 b ic T p e e 6 y fle T B b in o /iH e H a 3 T a o n e p a u M H .
JaKTOBasi H a c ro ra npeflCTaB/iqeT co6om MMny/ibcbi n p H M oyro/ib-hom
cfiopMbi, o6ecneHM BaiomM e CMHxpoHM3auMio Bcex onepauMM mmk-p
o n p o u e c c o p a . OHa xapaicrepM 3yeT cK opocTb pa6oTbi Mn, Bbino/iHH-lo
m e ro pa3Hbie MHCTpy«uMM m 3aBM cam ero 0T coceflH eM MH<}x)pMa-
UMM. TaKTOBaa nacTOTa - s to nacTOTa cMHxpoMMny/ibcoB, KOTopaa
o n p e fle /ia e T c a ko/im h6ctbom MMny/ibcoB b ceKyH fly m M3MepaeTca b
M e ra re p u a x , T.e. b MM/uiMOHax MMny/ibcoB 3a 1 c. TaKTOBaa nacTOTa
He MOxeT 6biTb Bbino/iHeHa 6b icT p e e , neM 3a oamh t 3 k t (nepMOA)
CMHXpOMMny/lbCOB.
CTpyKTypHaa cxeM a My/ibTMBM6paTopa noKa3aHa Ha p m c . 1.9. Oh
npeflCTaB/iHeT c o 6 o m 3/ieKTpoHHoe ycTp0MCTB0, reH epM pyiom ee
3/ieKTpMHecKMe K0/ie6aHM5i, 6/iM3KMe k np^Moyro/ibHOM cJjopMe.
My/ibTMBM6paTop coA epxM T H a6op conpoTMB/ieHMM m KOHfleHcaTO-pOB,
CBH3aHHblX 3/ieKTpMHeCKOM uenblO M n03B0/15ieT n p e 0 6 p a 3 0 B b l-
BaTb MMny/ibcbi cM H ycoM fla/ibH oro HanpaxeHMH b MMny/ibcbi Hanpa-xeHMq
(TOKa) np^M oyro/ibH ow <£opMbi t o m x e nacTOTbi.
npM BKJIIOHeHMM riMTaHMH (Un) K O H fleH C aTO P C H e p e 3 pe3M C T O p R1
H anM H aeT 3 a p a x a T b c a . n o M e p e y B e /iM n e H M q H a n p a x e H M H Ha H eM j i o -
rM H ecK M e 3 /ie M e H T b i & ! m & 2 n e p e x o fl^ T b H eycToP iH M B oe c o c T o a H M e ,
c o n p o B o x A a io m e e c a K 0 /ie 6 a T e n b H b iM n p o u e c c o M . H a cT O T a K 0 /ie 6 a -
T e /ib H o r o n p o u e c c a o n p e A e /ia e T c a n a p a M e T p a M M n o c /ie A O B a T e /ib H b ix
K0H T y p 0B C,L, m Cj/Lj. B y c T a H O B M B iu e M c a p e x M M e npM C, = C2 m L, = L?
H a n p a x e H M e Ha K O H A e H c a T o p e C co o T B e T C T B ye T n o /iO B M H e H a n p a x e -
hmh riMTaHMH, m Ha B b ix o A a x I/, m U2 n p M cyT C T B ye T n p ^ M o y ro /ib H b iM mm-n
y r ib c (ziO M aH aa jimhmh n o A n p a M b iM y r/iO M ). B x o A H b ie 3 /ie M e H T b i I / , m
U2 c o A e p x a T 3 a m M T H b ie A n o A b i, m y H T M p y io m M e KOHTyp LC, n 0 3 T 0 M y
H e 06x 0A M M 0 COeAMHMTb BXOAbl U: M U2 C /-C -K O H T ypaM M H e p e 3 p e 3 M -
c T o p b i c o n p o T M B /ie H M e M 10-100 kOm.
OcHOBHbiM napaM eTpoM reH epaT opa MMny/ibcoB HBJiaeTca nepM-o
a c/ieAOBaHMq MMny/ibcoB, npeACTaB/iflioLUMM MHTepBa/i BpeMeHM c
MOMeHTa noaBJieHMH oA H oro MM ny/ibca TOKa (HanpaxeHM a) a o m o -
MeHTa noaB/ieHMa c /ie A y io m e ro MMny/ibca t o m x e no/iapHOCTM.
BpeMH M e xA y MMnynbcaMM npeACTaBnaeT c o 6 o m nay3y.
34
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38. r n a s a 1. K oH C TpyKTH BH bie m a K c n fiy a ra iiH O H H b ie 0 C0 6 eHH0 CTn
CMCTeM BnpbicKa Ton/iHBa
e, C,
&2
H
Puc. 1.9. T e H e p a T o p MMny/ibcoB
a - 3/ieKTpnsecKan cxeMa; 6 -
A n a rpaM M bi HanpflxeHM H n TOKa
Uc, B n
A t
C
a )
1 /2 /7
1 /2 /7
Ia ¥ ° l
1 /2 /7
< *
'p I
6 ) t, MC
K o /iM H e c T B O B 0 3 f ly x a , n o c T y n a io m e r o b u m iM H f lp b i f lB n r a T e / in 3 a
(•MMHMuy B p e M e H M , n e p ecH M T b iB a e T C H Ha o a m h x o a n o p w H H n y T e M f l e -
i i o i i n n e r o H a n a c T O T y B p a m e H n a KB A B n ra T e -n a .
r ip M H U n n p a 6 o T b i M y jib T M B n 6 p a T o p a , y n p a B / i a i o m e r o A e ^ e H n e M ,
MDHCHeH Ha p u c . 1.9, 6. reH e p a u n a 6a30B0M n poAO Jixn Te / ibH oc™
impbiCKMBaHnq ocymecTB/iaeTca MyjibTMBn6paTopoM b cneuna/ibHoPi
i pyrine ueriefi 3 5 Y .
B n e p n o f l M e x A y A s y M H n o c /ie A O B a T e /ib H b iM M p a 3 p a A K a M M k o h -
M i'H o a T o p 3 a p a x a e T c a n o c T O H H H b iM t o k o m Ia . B c /ie A C T B u e 3 T o r o H a u
l w x e H n e K 0 H A e H c a T 0 p a Uc b K O H u e 3 a p a A K M n p o n o p u M O H a /ib H O
n p o A o n x M T e /ib H O C T M 3 a p a A K H , T . e . o 6 p a T H o n p o n o p u n o H a / ib H o s a c -
K>[ ( ! B p a m e H M a KB A s u r a T e / ia . n o c / i e 3 T o r o K O H A e H c a T o p p a 3 p a x a -
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39. CucTeMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3nHOBbix ABMraresieM
e T C fl nO C TO H H H bIM TOKOM /£ , n p M H e M B e /lM H M H a p a 3 p H flH O rO TO K a
33BMCMT o t KOJiM HecTBa B03 fly x a 0 L, n o c T y n a io L u e ro b e flU H M u y B p e -
M eHM. no M e p e p a 3 p a flK M K O H fle H c a T o p a H a n p a x e H n e b u e n n y M e H b -
w a e T C H m n p n n o /iH o P i p a 3 p a A K e o h o 6 y fle T p a B H b iM H y /110. npoAO Ji>KM -
T e /ib H o c T b p a 3 p a flK M o n p e fle /ia e T B peM H n e p e ic m o H e H n a M y n b T M B n 6 -
p a T o p a t p , n p o n o p u n o H a /ib H o e K O /in n e c T B y B0 3 fly x a , n o c T y n a io m e r o
3 a o a h h x o a nopuji-m. H a c T O T a B p a m e H n a KB A s u r a T e / ia n v KO /iM He-c
t b o n o c T y n a io m e r o B 0 3 A y x a 0 L o n p e A e /ia iO T o c H O B H y io n p o flo .n > K M -
T e /ib H o c T b B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a . C u r H a /i A e J in T e /ia n a c T O T b i b BM Ae
M M n y /ib c o B n o c T y n a e T H a b x o a y n p a B /ia io m e ro M y n b T M B n 6 p a T o p a .
EMKOCTb M y /lb T M B M 6 p a T 0 p a 3 apn>K aeTC 51 nOCTOHHHbIM t o k o m lA B T e n e -
Hue BpeMeHM 1/2n, o6ecneHMBaiomero 3apaAKy eMKocTM a o Be/iMHM-Hbl
HanpaxeHMH
Us = lA / 2n ■ (1.1)
P a 3 p a A K a e M K o c T u M y /ib T M B n 6 p a T o p a o c y m e c T B jia e T C H n o c T o a H -
HbiM t o k o m Ie . n p 0 A 0 /i>KM Te/ibH 0 CTb p a 3 paAKM t p , o n p e A e /ia io m e M
A n n T e /ib H O C T b M M n y /ib c a , 4 )o p M M p y e M o ro y n p a B J im o m u M M yn b T M B n 6 -
p a T o p o M , M O x e T 6 biTb o n p e A e /ie H a M3 B b ip a x e H n a
I a / - tje >
OTKyAa
t p = (lA / l E) / ( M 2 n ) .
(1-2)
(1-3)
A^nTe/ibHOCTb MMny/ibca n p n iio a o 6 h om c n o c o 6 e e ro <£opM npo-
BaHnq 06paTH0 nponopunoHa/ibHa nacTOTe BpameHMa KB, T.e. (Jokth-necKM
pea/iM3yeTC5i o n e p a u n a M aTeM aTnnecKoro A e/ieH na. B e /in sn H a
p a 3 p a A H o ro TOKa lE CBH3aHa c p a c x o A OM B03Ayxa c o o TH o iu e H n eM
/E = 1 /O t .
noc/ie npeo6pa30BaHM5i Be/innnHa t p MOxeT 6biTb onpeAe/ieHa M3
3aBMCMM0CTM
tp = k,Q L / n . (1.4)
noAo6Haa 3aBMCMM0CTb Heo6xoAHMa pjn nocTpoeHna 3EY.
KoacJxJjMUneHT /c, Bbi6npaioT M3 yariOBMH AnnTe/ibHOCTM MMny/ibca
My/ibTMBn6paTopa t pl paBHoro n0/i0BMHe AnnTe/ibHocTM MMny/ibca,
ynpaB/iaiomero pa60T0Pi 3/ieKTpoMarHMTHbix cJxjpcyHOK.
CTpyKTypHan cxeMa cucTeM bi ynpaB/ieHna p a 6 o T o ti A B nraTe/ia c
o6paTHoPi CB5i3bio (p u c . 1.10) coA epxM T 35Y 3, coo6meHHbiM c p a c -
36
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41. CM C TeM b i B n p b ic K a 6eH 3M HO B b ix M BM ra re n eM
h mh 3 <£opMMpyeT npHMoyro/ibHbie MMnyribcbi, H eo6xoflM M bie pjn o t -
KpbiTna 3M<t> Ha o n p e fle /ie H H o e BpeMH. B b ixo flH o e H a n p a x e H n e
p a cxoflO M epa 12 nocTynaeT Ha My/ibTMBn6paTop 2 , ynpaB^araiMnCi
fle /ie H n e M m onpefle/im om M Pi u in p uH y npaM oyro/ibH bix MMny/ibcoB.
M y/ibTM Bn6paTop nepeicmoHaeTca n o fl fleMCTBueM MMny/ibcoB 3BeHa
4)opMnpoBaHMfi cuma/iOB.
Pery/inpyeMbiM napaMeTpoM CMCTeMbi HBJiaeTca Koactx^MuneHT a,
onpefle/iHeM biM nyTeM M3MepeHMH KOHuewpauMM 0CTaT0HH0r0 kmc-jiopoAa
b O r c noMoiAbio A.-30Hfla 9. Ha Bbixofle ^.-30Hfla Be/innnHa
H a n p n x e H M H n p o n o p u M O H a /ib H a k , 3HaHeHMH K O T o p o ro c p a B H M B a io T c a
c 3aflaHHOM Be/iMHMHOM a, ycTaHOB/ieHHOM Ha <Jx)pMMpoBaTe.ne 3Ta-jiO
HHoro c u rH a /ia 11. rip n Ha/inn mm oTicnoHeHMH 3HaneHMH a o t 3aflaH -
Horo n a p a M e T p a Mcrio.nHM Te.nbHbiM c M m a /i p e r y /ia T o p a 10 M 3M eH aeT
np0fl0/ixMTe/ibH0CTb BnpbicKMBaHMfi c noMombio 35Y. Pery/iMpoBa-
HMe o c y m e c T B J ia e T c a c n o M o m b io n e p e M H O x a io m e r o 3 B e H a 4 3 5 Y ,
C O fle p x a m e r O 3 /ie M e H T b l pa3/lM H H blX KOPpeKTMpOBOHHbIX (JjaKTOpOB.
CMCTeMa « D -Je tro n ic» (pmc. 1 .1 1 ) np e flcT a B /ia e T co6om <£yHK-UMOHa/
ibHyio cxeMy CMCTeMbi 3/ieKTpoHHoro ynpaB/ieHMH BcnpbicKM-BaHMeM
Ton/iMBa no Be/iMHMHe flaB/ieHMa b BT. CMCTeMa cH a 6 xe H a
y cT p 0 M C T B 0 M perynMpoBaHMH n o fla n M T o n /iM B a n o Be/iM HM He p a 3 p e -
xeHMH b BT m nacTOTe BpameHMH KB. Be/iMHMHa flaB/ieHMa n p e o 6 p a -
3yeTC51 B 3/ieKTpM HeCKM M CMma/1, Heo6xOflMMblM 3 5 Y p j1H BblHMCJieHMH
Ko/iMHecTBa noflaBaeMoro Ton/iMBa.
C M C T eM a B n p b ic K a c o fle p x M T ctjyH K U M O H a/ibH bie yC T poM C T B a no-flaH
M T o n /iM B a , B03flyxa m 3 /ie K T p o H H o ro y n p a B /ie H M H flB M ra T e /ie M .
Y c t p o m c t b o n o fla n M T o n /iM B a c o f le p x M T 35H 18, c o o 6 m e H H b iti c
TO n/lM B H blM 6 a K 0 M 17, TOn/lM BHbIM C^MJlbTp 19, P e ry /IH T O P flaB/ieHM 51
Ton/iMBa 9, pa6onyio Ton/iMBHyio 3 m nycKOByio 5 <£opcyHKM. 35H no-f
la e T k 3M<t> T o n /iM B o nofl nocToaHHbiM flaB/ieHMeM 0 , 2 0 - 0 , 2 2 M ila.
C M C TeM a n o fla n M B03flyxa c o fle p x M T B03flyuiHbiM cfiM JibTp, B03flyiu-hw
m KaHan 10 m BnycKHOM Tpy60np0B0fl 4 . Y c t p o m c t b o ynpaB.neHMH
flB M ra T e /ia BicniOHaeT b c e 6 a 3 5 Y 11, coo6meHHbiM c pacnpefle/iMTe-
/ieM 3 a x M ra H M a 14 m a b th m k o m a 6 c o /n o T H o ro A a B /ie H M f) b BT.
3/ieKTpoHHbiw 6 /io k ynpaB/ieHMa 11 o6pa6aTbiBaeT nocT yn a io m yio
MH<J)opMauMio p e x M M O B pa6oTbi ABMraTe/iq m n p e o 6 p a 3 ye T ee b 3/ieK-TpMnecKMM
MMny/ibc, onpeAe/iaiom M M Hana/io m npoAO/ixM Te/ibHocTb
B npblC K M B aH M a TOn/lMBa. OCHOBHaa MHCt)OpMaUM51 p e x M M O B p a 60Tbl
ABMraTejia npeACTaB/iaeT co6om nacTOTy BpameHMH KB m Be/iMHMHy
AaB/ieHMH b BT. K poM e s t o t o , 3 5 Y yMMTbiBaeT pa3/iMHHyio KoppeK-TMpOBOHHyiO
MH<J)OpMaUMIO, nOCTynaiOmyiO OT BHeiilHMX AaTHMKOB.
38
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42. Oraea 1. KoHCTpyKTUBHbie n OKcn/iyaraijMOHHbie ocodeHHOcru
cucreM BnpbicKa ron/iuBa
P h c . 1.11. OyHKUHOHajibHaa cxeMa c u c T e M b i BnpbicKa «D-Jetronic»
I 6/iok ljh/ihhaPOb; 2 - BnycKHOi* icnanaH; 3 - TOn/iuBHaa (J>opcyHKa; 4 - Bny-
( kiioh Tpy60np0B0A; 5 - nycKOBan (J>opcyHKa; 6 - pery/in p 0 B 0 H H b m buht; 7 -
A|)occe/ibHan 3ac/iOHKa; 8 - AaT4UK TeMnepaTypbi B 03flyxa; 9 - p e ry /in T o p
A.imieHun TOn/iuBa; 10 - B03flyiiiHbi£i KaHa/i; 11 - 6jiok ynpaB/ieHun; 12 -
i M.-iBHoe pe/ie; 13 - aKKyMy/inTopHan SaTapen; 14 - npepbiBaTe/ib-pacnpeAe-mh
i (i/ib CMCTeMbi 3axnraHnn; 15 - MarncTpa/ib nOAasn Ton/iMBa; 16 - MaruCT-p.
i/ib B03BpaTa TOn/iuBa; 17 - Ton/WBHbiPi 6aK; 18 - 3/ieKTpnsecKnPi 6eH3MHO-iii.
im Hacoc; 19 - TonjiMBHbii* (Jw/ibTp; 20 - abthuk no/ioxeHun AP0cceJibH0fi
i.iciiohkh; 21 ~ peryriHTop xo/iocToro XOAa; 22 - asthmk afico/iioTHoro p,aBne-
Hun b BT; 23 - AaTHMK TeMnepaTypbi oxna>KAaioinePi xuakoctm
H n ( t) o p M a u M f) o H a r p y 3 K e coflepxnTca b cum a/ie AaTHMKa p a 3 p e x e -
IIHH B BT. 3/ieKTpMHeCKMM 6eH3MHOBblM Hacoc COflepXMT POTOP Ha Ba-ny
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