Informative slideshow about the ethics of cloning and provides viewpoints about cloning from around the world.

1. Human Cloning:
Clone people, not their ideology
By
Ryan Galindo

2. Purpose
The purpose of this slide show is to eliminate all ignorance about
the subject of cloning. Hopefully this slide show will provide you
with enough information to make your own educated opinion on
the subject and to not just copy what everybody else says. Don’t
follow the crowd

3. What is Cloning
Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of
either a human cell or tissue. This is an issue where there is
much controversy.

4. Subjects of Controversy
Stem Cell Research
This is what is done for therapeutic cloning. Although it
brings great benefits such as curing heart disease
paralysis, diabetes and many other ailments, it raises
the concern of many pro-life supporters, since it is
believed that a person exists at the moment of
conception.

5. Financial Concerns
Cloning is a very expensive process with a very low success rate,
so low that some people even say that it is pointless to continue
research with that much of a cost.

6. What are the Three Types of Cloning?
DNA Cloning
the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from
one organism to a self-replicating genetic
element such as a bacterial plasmid. This
process is used to create enough identical
material for further study.

7. Reproductive Cloning
Reproductive cloning is a technology used to
generate a being that has the same nuclear DNA
as another currently or previously existing being.

8. Therapeutic Cloning
The production of human embryos for use in research. This is for
the purpose of harvesting stem cells. In this process, the
embryos are destroyed, which raises many ethical concerns.

9. The Process of Cloning
DNA Cloning
A DNA fragment containing the gene of
interest is isolated from chromosomal
DNA using restriction enzymes and then
united with a plasmid that has been cut
with the same restriction enzymes. The
DNA can then be reproduced along with
the host cell.

10. Reproductive Cloning
Scientists transfer genetic material from the nucleus of a donor
adult cell to an egg whose nucleus (and all of the genetic material),
has been removed. The reconstructed egg, which contains the DNA
from a donor cell, must be treated with chemicals or electric
current in order to stimulate cell division. Once the cloned embryo
reaches a suitable stage, it is transferred to the uterus of a female
host where it continues to develop until birth.

11. Therapeutic Cloning
The egg is removed from a woman’s ovary. Then the genetic material is removed
using a tiny needle and a skin cell is inserted into the egg to serve as the new
nucleus. It is then stimulated with a chemical and starts to divide.

12. Common Cloning Misconceptions.
(Thanks Sci-Fi)
Clones will not immediately be adults, they will develop
in the exact same way that a regular person develops
and it will take 18 years to have an adult clone

13. Common Cloning Misconceptions.
(Thanks Sci-Fi)
Cloning is a very expensive process, and the success rate of cloning is very low, which
is .1%-3%, so there will not be a massive amount of clones that can just decide to rebel
and take over the world or be used as an army by an evil dictator for the purpose of world
domination.

14. Common Cloning Misconceptions.
(Thanks Sci-Fi)
Clones are not inherently evil just because they are a copy of another person. This is
like saying that there is one twin that is good and one that is evil. Whatever the Soap
Operas told you is not true.

15. Common Cloning Misconceptions.
(Thanks Sci-Fi)
They will not immediately give their allegiance to whoever has cloned them. They will
be just as resentful of a parental figure as any other human being.

16. Global and Religious Views.
Australia
Opposed to cloning humans for reproductive purposes. In
2001 there was a law passed that banned reproductive
cloning, but allowed regulated therapeutic cloning.

17. European Union
The European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine has
passed a protocol that bans human cloning, but it has only been
ratified by Greece Spain and Portugal. It has also passed a
legally binding charter called The Charter of Fundamental Rights
of the European Union, which explicitly prohibits human cloning.

18. United States
The House of Representatives have met 1998, 2001, 2004 and
2007, and during all of these meetings, there has been debate
over therapeutic cloning that prevents both of the proposals,
which are: a ban of reproductive cloning or reproductive and
therapeutic cloning. Some states have chosen to take matters
into their own hands and ban both forms or just reproductive
cloning. Even if the government hasn’t made a decision on what
types of cloning are allowed current regulations prohibit federal
funding for cloning research, so either way, no work is getting
done.

19. The United Nations
A non-binding resolution,meaning that it is not punishable by
international law, has been passed by the United Nations
General Assembly stating that all types of cloning are banned.

20. Native Americans
Most believe that cloning animals and humans would disrupt the
balance and erode the kinship and reverence between humans
and other created beings. Everyday, we become more like the
“creator”, but we do not deserve/aren’t responsible enough to
be. Some Native Americans support cloning for the purpose of
preserving the endangered indigenous people and they see
cloning as a way of doing that.

21. Hinduism
Hinduism, which is practiced in the countries of India and Nepal, takes a neutral
stance on this subject. If it is done with divine intent and consciousness, it will
benefit, but if done for the wrong reasons, it will evoke experiences caused by
negative Karma, but hindus aren’t allowed to injure sentient beings, which
prohibits both animal research and the destruction of embryos. Hindus also
believe reincarnation, that the world was in a process that is similar to cloning, so
there is no objection like many of the traditional christian religions.

22. Buddhism
Buddhism, which is practiced in the majority of Asian Counties,
rejects the idea of individuality, and says that it doesn’t matter
how children are born. Some say that it can even be used to
reach enlightenment by using DNA cloning in order to obtain
admiral traits. Like Hinduism, Buddhism also prohibits harming
sentient beings, restricting testing on animals and embryos.

23. Islam
Islam, which is practiced mainly in the Middle East, Northern
Africa and some of Asia, highly values the parent child lineage,
so they object to third party assisted reproduction, as it would
break down the filial relationships. Muslims are also wary of the
destruction of embryos, but debate on when the embryo gets a
soul, justifies the harvesting of embryos up to a certain age.

24. Judaism
Judaism, which is practiced all over the world, but the largest
populations are found in Israel; the United States; Russia and
Canada, states that reproduction is an “overriding duty” of the
Jews, scientific research is highly valued. Cloning research is
fully supported and they are suspicious of government bans. It is
stated that if advancements in cloning improve chances of
successfully curing people, then it should be pursued.

25. African American Churches
These churches, which are mainly derived from the Methodist
and Baptist Churches, believe that life begins at conception,
which leaves no room for stem cell research. They also believe
that cloning would also widen the gap between races, further
marginalizing minorities.

26. Orthodox Christianity
Conservative Christians such as these strongly oppose cloning,
saying that once an embryo exists, it is automatically a human
being. It is also believed that cloning will create a new business
centered around the marketing of DNA, which will specialize in
creating spare parts and babies. It is feared that this will evoke a
movement towards creating a superior human being.

27. Roman Catholic Church
It is clearly sated that any attempts of cloning are a violation of
the human embryo and also of the human sexuality. Once
again, all research on the human embryo is banned because it
is already viewed as a person.

28. Mainline Protestant Christianity
This group of people has made a clear distinction between
therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning, saying that
therapeutic cloning is perfectly acceptable, but reproductive
cloning is not because it would be like you are trying to play the
role of God.

29. Final Thought
Now that you have been armed with knowledge, it is now your
responsibility to make an educated decision if the time ever
comes to where we would have to vote on something that
pertains to cloning.

30. Sources
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_three_types_of_cloning
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3371684/ns/health-cloning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cloning
http://www.philforhumanity.com/Science_Fiction_Misrepresents_Cloning.html
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/cloningrisks/