Presents an overview of popular Green Rating Systems and Sustainability Development Indices; towards sustainability assessment as the inevitable need of the hour.

1. 1
CENTRE FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION
QIP- PROGRAM
AN OVERVIEW OF BUILDING RATING
SYSTEMS AND INDICES
7TH MAY, 2018
SUSTAINABILITYISSUESINCIVIL
ENGINEERING
Dr. Ajit Sabnis

2. 2
CONTENTS
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 THE CONFLICT
 SDGs And THE CONFLICT
 SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
 GREEN RATING SYSTEMS
 SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT INDICES

3. 3
We have built several beautiful and
amazing structures. But then…….
Vandalizing the earth has become the
business of Man.
Human Greed surpasses every need.
What actually we have created and
given back to this planet earth
is……………

4. 4
CRACKING LAND MASS

5. 5
Environmental Pollution

6. 6
MELTING ICE

7. 7

8. 8
BURNING FLORA-FAUNA

9. 9
Little or No Water

10. 10
MAN MADE DISASTERS

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IN A NUT SHELL !!!!

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 Fossil Fuel Depletion
 Ozone Depletion
 Smog Formation
 Acidification
 Eutrophication
 Deforestation
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
 Soil Erosion
 Habitat Alteration
 Loss of Bio-Diversity
 Water Depletion
 Ecological Toxicity
 Human Health
HOW DO WE MITIGATE THESE ?

13. 13
the need Of the hour is
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

14. Quintessentially, a sustainable Development of a
Society we inhabit has to be firmly founded upon
five fundamental principal pillars -Economic, Social,
Cultural, Environmental and Spiritual.
SOCIAL
CULTURAL
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
SPIRITUAL

15. EXTREMELY COMPLEX
SUSTAINABILITY
PHENOMENON
ANDSOARETHEPATHWAYS SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT

16. 16
GLOBAL PICTURE
The construction sector poses a major challenge to the
environment.
 Globally, buildings are responsible for at least 40% of
energy use.
 An estimated 42% of the global water consumption
and 50% of the global consumption of raw materials is
consumed by buildings when taking into account the
manufacture, construction, and operational period of
buildings.
 An estimated 50% of the world‟s air pollution, 42% of
its greenhouse gases, 50% of all water pollution, 48%
of all solid wastes and 50% of all CFCs
(chlorofluorocarbons) to the environment.

17. Sustainable development
The Conflict !
Development which meets the needs of current
generations without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs
- World Commission on Environment and Development
INTEGRATION
ROLE OF ENGINEERS AND TECHNOLOGISTS

18. 18
It all began at the Rio,
Brazil, Earth Summit In
1992. The Convention
included the adoption of
the UN Framework on
Climate Change.
This convention set out a framework for action aimed at
stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases
(GHGs) to avoid “ dangerous anthropogenic interference
with the climate system.”

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FOLLOWED BY:
 Kyoto Protocol (COP3)
Kyoto, Japan, 1997.
Setting internationally
binding emission
reduction targets.
 Placed a heavier burden
on developed nations,
being responsible for the
current high levels of GHG
emissions in the
atmosphere as a result of
more than 150 years of
industrial activity

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The detailed rules of Kyoto Protocol were adopted
at COP 7 in Marrakesh, Morocco, in 2001, and are
referred to as the “ Marrakesh Accords ”. COP 22
is again in MORRACO this month.

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 INDIA PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE.
 195 COUNTRIES PARTICIPATED
 DEVELOPED NATIONS PLEDGED
 FINACIAL ASSISTANCE OF 100 B-USD
 TO STRIVE HARD TO HOLD GLOBAL
TEMPRATURE RISE BELOW 1.5 DEGREES
 COUNTRIES WERE BOUND BY INDCs
THEN CAME :
COP 21, THE PARIS SUMMIT, 2015
INDC : Intended Nationally Determined Contribution

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SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS
SDG – 17 NOS.

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 Annually, 220 billion rupees of CSR money is to be
spent on environmental initiatives.
 Propagate Sustainable Living
 Adopt Eco-friendly Paths / Mechanisms
 Reduce GHG emission by 35% by 2025
 Generate 40% of the total power required using
renewable energy technologies.
 Create additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion
tonnes by 2030.
 In addition to this India has strategized many GHG
reduction measures.
India‟s Intended Nationally
Determined Contributions (INDCs)

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PLANETARY
BOUNDARIES
Source:Asafeoperatingspacefor
Humanity,MacmillanPublishers,2009

26. 26

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KEELING CURVE
CO2 Concentration 400 ppm in 2015
(measured at Scripps Institute)

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INDIA
CO2
6.5%
Construction
Industry
contribution
40 %
OPERATIVRE
PHASE
75 to 80 %
PRE USE AND
OTHER PHASES
20 TO 25 %
EXTENSIVE
STUDY DONE ON
THIS PHASE
NEGLECTED
PHASE - NEED
OUR FOCUS

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Complexity increases if we integrate
Material Properties and Eco Indicators………………

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BUILT ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTIONS
Construction
Materials
Embodied
Energy
Greenhouse
Gasses
I1
I2I3
I
I=I1+I2+I3
SynergyEffect

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POLICY INITIATIVES IN INDIA
2001: Energy Conservation Act (ECA) 2001
2001: Establishment of IGBC with CII
2002: Formation of BEE under ECA 2001.
2006: Integrated Energy Policy Draft
2006: Ministry of Environment and Forests makes
Environment Assessment mandatory for buildings
with area > 20,000 sqm.
2007: Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
2007: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
(GRIHA) was adopted as the national rating system
for green buildings in India.
2008: National Action Plan on Climate Change
launched; Integrated Energy Policy 2008 approved.
2014: Announcement of Smart Cities programme
2015: Paris Agreement signed by India under UN.
2016: Announcement of First 20 Smart Cities.

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GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS / INDICES
A Green Building Rating System or an Index
system is an evaluation tool that measures
environmental performance of a building
through its life cycle. It usually comprises of a
set of criteria covering various parameters
related to design, construction and operation of
a green building. Each criterion has pre-
assigned points and sets performance
benchmarks and goals that are largely
quantifiable. ……..contd.

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A project is awarded points once it fulfils the
rating criteria. The points are added up and the
final rating of a project is decided. Rating
systems call for independent third party
evaluation of a project and different processes
are put in place to ensure a fair evaluation.
Globally, green building rating systems are
largely voluntary in nature and have been
instrumental in raising awareness and
popularizing green building designs.
…..contd.

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Some Important Green
Building Rating Systems

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 Developed in UK, 1990 and is one of the earliest
building environmental assessment methods.
 Covers a range of building typologies.
 Assessment points are awarded for each criterion
and the points are added for a total score.
 The overall building performance is awarded a
„Pass‟, „Good‟, „Very Good‟ or „Excellent‟ rating.
 Separate criteria for evaluation of Design and
Procurement and for Management and Operation
of buildings.
BREEAM, UK
(Building Research Establishment‟s Environmental
Assessment Method)

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CASBEE, JAPAN
(Comprehensive Assessment System for
Building Environmental Efficiency )
 Developed in Japan, in 2001.
 Assessment based on 4 stages of building‟s LC.
 Distinguishes environmental load from
environmental quality and building performance.
 Assessment takes into consideration internal and
external spaces, separated by envelopes.
 These two factors defined as Q and L.
 Assessed and awarded as Level1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

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• SUSTAINABILITY IS
COMPLEX PHENOMENA
• TOO MANY VARIABLES
• LACK OF Dependable
DATA
• LIMITATIONS IN EXISTING
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
• UNEP CALL FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRY
SPECIFIC INDICATORS

38. 38
CASBEE contd.
Q (Quality): Building Environmental Quality and
Performance- Evaluates improvement in living amenity
for the building users, within enclosed space.
L (Loadings): Building Environmental Loadings-
Evaluates negative aspects of Environmental impact
which go beyond the enclosed space to the outside.
Indoor environment (Noise, Thermal and Visual comfort, Indoor
air quality, functionality , durability and reliability, flexibility and
adaptability)
Outdoor environment (Preservation and Creation of biotope,
townscape and landscape, local characteristic and outdoor
amenities, Energy, Resources and materials , Water
conservation, Air pollution, noise and vibration, odour, sunlight
obstruction, light pollution, heat island effect, and load on local
infrastructure)

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HK–BEAM
The Hong Kong Building Environmental
Assessment Method
 Performance based system that takes holistic view of
building performance with emphasis on life cycle
impacts.
 Assessment is not finalized until a building is completed
ensuring that „Green and Sustainable‟ practices are
implemented through the entire project cycle and the
project meets the desired goals and performance.
 Hygiene, Comfort ,Land use, Site impacts, Transport,
Use of materials, recycling and waste management,
Water quality, Recycling, Energy efficiency,
conservation.

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LEED, USA / IGBC (INDIA)
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
 LEED was developed and piloted in the US in 1998
 The rating system addresses specific environmental
building related impacts using a whole building
environmental performance approach.
 IGBC has adapted LEED system and has launched LEED
India version for rating of new construction. In addition,
IGBC has launched several other products for rating of
different typologies ……………………………..CONTD.

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KEY COMPONENTS OF THE LEED SYSTEM.
Sustainable sites
Water efficiency
Energy and atmosphere
Materials and resources
Indoor environmental quality
Innovation and design process

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 The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), part of the
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) was formed in the
year 2001. The vision of the council is, "To enable a
sustainable built environment for all and facilitate India
to be one of the global leaders in the sustainable built
environment by 2025".
 The council offers a wide array of services which
include developing new green building rating programs,
certification services and green building training
programs.
IGBC, INDIA
INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL

43. 43
GRIHA–TERI INITIATIVE
GREEN RATING FOR INTEGRATED HABITAT ASSESSMENT
 Human Habitats interact with the environment in
various ways. Throughout their life cycles, from
construction to operation and then demolition, they
consume resources in the form of energy, water,
materials, etc. and emit wastes either directly in the
form of municipal wastes or indirectly as emissions
from electricity generation.
 GRIHA attempts to minimize a building‟s resource
consumption, waste generation, and overall ecological
impact to within certain nationally acceptable limits /
benchmarks……………………………………CONTD.

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THE EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR GRIHA
1- Site planning
2- Building envelope design
3- Building system design
4- HVAC / Lighting and electrical
6- Integration of renewable energy sources
to generate energy onsite
7- Water and waste management
8- Selection of ecologically sustainable
materials AND,
9- Indoor environmental quality.

45. Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4 Column5 Column6 Column7
SR.NO Criterion name Points Sub group Max points
Min
points
Achieved
1
Reduce exposed, hard paved
surface on site and maintain
native vegetation cover on site
6 landscape 6 3
2
Passive architectural design and
systems
4
3
Good fenestration design for
reducing direct heat gain and
glare while maximizing daylight
penetration
6
4
Efficient artificial lighting
system
2 Architecture
5
Thermal efficiency of building
envelope
2 & 21 11
6
Use of energy efficient
appliances
3 Energy
7 Use of renewable energy on site 4
8
Reduction in building and
landscape water demand
5
9 Rain water harvesting 4 Water &
10 Generate resource from waste 2 Waste 11 6
11
Reduce embodied energy of
building
4
12
Use of low energy materials in
interiors
4 Materials 8 4
13 Adoption of green life style 4
14 Innovation 2 Lifestyle 4 1
Total 50 25
GRIHA RATING CRITERIA

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IGBC RATING CRITERIA FOR HOMES (1)
Sustainable Sites 9
Prereq local building regulations Required
Prereq soil erosion control Required
Credit basic household amenities 1
Credit
natural topography and
vegetation
2
Credit heat island effect , roof 4
Credit
basic facilities for construction
workforce
1
Credit
design for differently
abled
1
Water Efficiency 11
prereq
rain water harvesting roof and
non roof
Required
Prereq
Water efficient plumbing
fixtures
Required
Credit LANDSCAPE DESIGN 20%, 40% 2
Credit
management of irrigation
system
1
Credit
rain water harvesting roof and
non roof 50% 75%
4
Credit
Water efficient plumbing
fixtures
4

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IGBC RATING CRITERIA FOR HOMES (2)
Energy efficiency 22
Prereq
Minimum Energy
Performance
Required
Prereq CFC- free equipments Required
Credit enhanced energy performance 10
credit
energy saving measures in
other appliances & equipments
2
Credit onsite renewable energy 6
Credit
solar water heating
system
4
Materials and Resources 13
Prereq Separation of house holdwaste Required
Credit Organic waste managament 2
Credit Handling of construction waste 1
credit
materials with recycled
content
2
credit
rapidly renewable building
material & certified wood
4
credit local materials 2
Credit reuse of salvaged materials 2

48. 48
IGBC RATING CRITERIA FOR HOMES (3)
Materials and Resources 13
Prereq Separation of house holdwaste Required
Credit Organic waste managament 2
Credit Handling of construction waste 1
credit
materials with recycled
content
2
credit
rapidly renewable building
material & certified wood
4
credit local materials 2
Credit reuse of salvaged materials 2
Indoor Environmental Quality 15
Prereq Tobacco smoke control Required
Prereq Minimum day lighting Required
Prereq Fresh air ventilation Required
Credit
Enhanced daylighting: 75%,
95%
4
Credit
Enhanced fresh air
ventilation
2
Credit Exhaust system 2
Credit
Low voc materials ,paints &
adhesives
2
credit
Cross ventilation :50% ,
75%
4
Credit Building flush out 1

49. 49
IGBC RATING CRITERIA FOR HOMES (4)
INNOVATION & DESIGN PROCESS 5
credit IGBC AP 1
Credit
Innovation & design
process
4
TOTAL IGBC RATING POINTS 75
Sr.no Points IGBC Rating
1 50-59 Certified
2 60-69 Silver
3 70-79 Gold
4 80-100 Platinum

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LEED RATING: HOME LOW-RISE (2)

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LEED RATING: HOME LOW-RISE (3)

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LEED RATING: HOME LOW-RISE (1)

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Sr.no Points GRIHA Rating
1 25-40
2 41-55
3 56-70
4 71-85
5 86 above
Sr.no Points IGBC Rating
1 50-59 Certified
2 60-69 Silver
3 70-79 Gold
4 80-100 Platinum
Sr.no Points LEED Rating
1 40-49 Certified
2 50-59 Silver
3 60-79 Gold
4 80+ Platinum
POPULAR RATING SYSTEMS IN INDIA

54. 54
COMPARISON OF INTERNATIONAL RATING TOOLS
ASSESSMENT
CRITERIA
BREEAM
, UK
BEAM,
HONGKON
G
CASBEE,
JAPAN
GREEN
STAR,
AUSTRALI
A
GREEN
GLOBES,
CANADA/US
LEED,
USA
ENERGY x x x x x x
CO2 x x
ECOLOGY x x x x x x
ECONOMY x
HEALTH AND
WELL BEING
x x x x x x
INDOOR QLTY x x x x x
INNOVATION x x x x
LAND USE x x x x x
MANAGEMENT x x x x
MATERIALS x x x x x
POLLUTION x x x x x x
RENEWABLE
TECHNOLOGIE
S
x x x x
TRANSPORT x x x x x
WASTE x x x
WATER x x x x x x
The source is King Sturge (2009).

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An indicator helps us to understand where
we are, which way we are going and how
far we are from where we want to be.
A good indicator alerts to a problem before
it gets too bad and helps you recognize
what needs to be done to fix the problem.
Sustainability Indices
Indicators of a sustainability point to areas
where the links between the economy,
environment and society are weak.

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COMPENDIUM OF SUSTAINABLE
INDICATOR INITIATIVE TALKS ABOUT 500 +
INDICATORS
LIVING PLANET INDEX (LPI) : Global Biodiversity Indicator
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT INDEX (EFI) : Measures Land and
Water requirement to sustain life on earth.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) : Deals with Social
Dimension, Literacy, Life expectancy etc.
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY INDEX (ESI) : Quantifies whether
a country is capable of preserving its Natural Resources
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDEX (EPI) : Deals with
stresses in human beings due to environmental deterioration.

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SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS
Built Environment Impacts Natural Environment. Assessing
total Energy Impact involves Life Cycle Analysis from
extraction stage to end of life stage. But has its own
limitations.
Assessment of Green House Gas emissions in terms of
Carbon Dioxide equivalent is complicated due to several
processes involved from equipment efficiency to Transport
efficiency.
UNEP calls for development of country specific sustainable
indicators that help in assessing the overall energy impact
applicable to any building or infrastructure project.
This calls for developing new Sustainability Indicators

58. 58
NEW SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS
FOR ENERGY IMPACT ANALYSIS
Green Building Rating Systems :
Most Green Building Rating systems available today are
criteria based. Whole building process are categorized into
several criteria and credited with points – Normalizing them
into Star Ratings or other nomenclature. They are good to
streamline the processes but do not accurately measure
the impact of BE on NE.
None of the systems include properties of materials and
integrate them in the assessment process. This lacunae calls
for development of a New Sustainability Indicator,
applicable for entire Built environment with ease.

59. 59
Whole Building Life Cycle Analysis :
Involves three methods- Input-out put analysis-Process
Analysis and Hybrid Analysis-First two have limitations-Third
combines both and hence more realistic.
SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS FOR
ENERGY IMPACT ANALYSIS
TPSI-Tall Building Projects Sustainability Indicator :
Takes into account sub-systems involved in a construction
process. Specialized only for buildings that are more than
20 floors. This threshold limit is on the established fact that
beyond 20 floors, energy efficiency dramatically changes.
MIPS – Material Intensity per Service Unit Indicator :
Quantifies ecological disturbances due to technological
interferences using FoM concept.

60. 60
Sustainability
Development Index (SDI)
based on Figure of Merit (FoM)
Is a new concept in evaluation
methodology. Applicable to all
infrastructure projects and buildings
even at conceptual stage.
SDI developed is expressed in terms
Sustainability Percentage.

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THANK YOU
Dr. Ajit Sabnis
ajitsabnis57@gmail.com