shrimps exports

1. The Shrimp Exports Of India

2. Aquaculture
 “the farming of aquatic organisms, fish, molluscs, crustaceans,
aquatic plants, crocodiles, alligators, turtle and amphibians” – is
known as AQUACULTURE.
 Here the word farming implies any specific form of intervention
in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular
stocking, feeding, protecting from predators, etc.
 It also implies that the cultivated animals have individual or
corporate ownerships.
 They are grown in Brackish water with a content of around 0.5%
salinity in water bodies such as estuaries, coves, bays lagoons,
etc.

3. Difference Between Capture &
Aquaculture.
 The difference between capture and aquaculture lies in
the ownership.
 In case of aquaculture the aquatic organisms are
harvested and reared by an identifiable owner
throughout the rearing period.
 Whereas in case of capture fisheries, the aquatic
organisms are exploited by the public as a common
property resource.

4. History Of Aquaculture In India.
 Aquaculture in India dates back to 500 B.C.
 The first written evidence of this was found in Kautilya’s “Arthashastra”.
 When the inhabitants started to use paddy fields and the low lying
areas for cultivation, the trapped water of tides and monsoons brought
in natural seeds of fin and shell fish which got trapped when the water
receded.
 After the independence in 1947, the focus of sustainability had
aquaculture as a part of it.
 The sector grew at a compound rate of about 7% during the seventies
and picked up in the eighties.

5. MAJOR PROBLEMS
 Indian shrimp exports are going down each day.
 Other competitors like China, Vietnam, Thailand,
Indonesia, are growing faster in supply of shrimps, both in
quantity and value.
 India’s major markets for shrimp consumption i.e., U.S. and
Japan are being hampered and captured by other countries.
 The production technology of shrimp in India was still
based on age old techniques, which resulted in a higher
cost of production.
 The International Trade Commission (ITC) imposed duties
ranging from 3.56 % to 27.49 % on all varieties of shrimp
products exported to the U.S.A under the Anti-Dumping
Act.

6. Subsequent Problems
 The shrimp exports contributed a major chunk of the
Indian foreign exchange and helped India to maintain
a favorable balance of payment.
 This was being hampered and the export income
generated decreased considerably and this also
hampered the funding of the Aquaculture.
 A major part of the East coast of India, which used to
contribute a significant amount in the aquaculture of
the country was devastated by the December 2004
tsunami.

7. Subsequent Problems
 Japan which was considered the second hotspot for
shrimp exporters after U.S. also underwent a shift in the
preference of the type of shrimp.
 The old production techniques of Indian shrimp
manufacturers are not good enough to match the
international standards, thus, they face a tough
competition from other shrimp exporters like China,
Viet Nam, Thailand etc
 The count of shrimp exporters reduced from over 3o to
less than 15 .

8. Difference between fish production and potential
Marine Inland Total
a) Fish Production 2.78 3.52 6.3
2004-05
b) Production 3.9 4.5 8.4
potential (Est.)

9. Statistics
10
8
6 a) Fish Production
2004-05
4
b) Production potential
2
(Est.)
0
Marine
Inland
Total

10. Institutes Established For Aquaculture
 After Indian independence the focus of sustainability
had aquaculture as apart of it.
 Institutes like Central Inland Fisheries Research
Institute(CIFRI) Central Marine Fisheries Research
Institute (CMFRI) were established to make studies on
inland and marine resources.
 Upon emphasis from the Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR), CIFRI established the Fresh water
Aquaculture Research and Training Centre (FARTC) in
1977 at Bhubaneswar.
 The Trainers Training Centre (TTC) and Krishi Vigyan
Kendra (KVK) were also established at the same time.

11. Institutes Established For Aquaculture
 The ICAR granted a full fledged institution status to
FARTC in 1986 and it was renamed as Central Institute
of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA) to meet up to the
emerging opportunities of the aquaculture sector.
 Later on the ICAR established the Central Institute for
Brackish water Aquaculture (CIBA) to contribute to
shrimp farming.

12. Government Initiatives
 Apart from various institutes opened by the government, it also
formulate d a plan exclusively for the development of
Aquaculture.
 In 1975, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO) organized a three week long conference in
Bangkok where Asian countries discussed on issues related to
aquaculture development and formulated a ten year Aquaculture
Development Plan (1975-1985).
 The Plan was a ten year plan and had short term, medium term
and long term objectives.
 Short Term Objectives:
 Training shrimp farmers.
 Reaching attainable production.
 Focusing on the cultivable fish seed and rearing them.

13. Government Initiatives
 Medium Term Objectives:
 Adopting of the state of the art technology for fish
farming
 Major emphasis to be laid on shrimp or brackish water
fish culture.
 Establishing fish seed farms in each district
 Development of culture of frogs, molluscs, sea weeds
etc.

14. Government Initiatives
 Long Term Objectives:
 To adapt a mechanism through which aquaculture
can be carried on in small water bodies.
 Adopting an integrated approach towards
development of technology, manpower training and
input provision.
 Ensuring smooth flow of finance for aquaculture.

15. Government Initiatives
 The fisheries sector was viewed by the Government as
an important source of earning livelihood, foreign
exchange and food supply.
 The Marine Products Export Development Authority
(MPEDA) was constituted in 1972 by the Ministry of
Commerce of the Government of India under the
Marine Products Export Development Authority Act
1972 .

16. Current Scenario Of Indian Shrimp Production
 India has a coastline of about 8118 km and a combined
river and canal length of about 195210 km.
 But when we look at the fish production, it is far below
the potential.
 India was once the first largest exporter of shrimps and
now has become the second largest exporter of
shrimps and prawns after its position was taken over
by China.

17. Current Scenario Of Indian Shrimp Production
 The large coastline of India helps immensely in
brackish water aquaculture.
 Even though there is considerable amount of shrimp
production in India,
 If we look at the contribution of the different states we
will find that all the states are not having the same
productivity level even in similar natural conditions.
 For example, the suitable area for shrimp production in
West Bengal is much more than that of Kerala whereas
the production yield in Kerala is much more than that
of West Bengal.

18. Suggestions
 India was basically concentrating on shrimp farming
and ignored other aquatic organisms. Thus, we
recommend that the Indian exporters also concentrate
on the export of other aquatic organisms.
 India’s main market constituted only of U.S. and Japan.
India can also tap new markets. This would increase
the exports considerably.
 Indian government should try and provide more
funding to the shrimp farmers

19. Suggestions
 The government should also try and create awareness
among the farmers about the latest technologies.
 The government should provide the exporters with
more encouragement by creating friendly policies and
providing subsidies.
 The exporters should convince the government to take
suitable steps required against the anti-dumping act
introduced by International Trade Commission (ITC).