Situational Analysis Kothur

V & A Programme Situational Analysis Stage-II Report, AP

KOTHUR VILLAGE, MIDJIL MANDAL

INTRODUCTION

Midjil Mandal is one of the 64 Mandals in Mahabubngar District, it is located in
the north-eastern part of Mahabubnagar District. This is the only Mandal
identified as ‘dark area’ where more than 90 % of the recharge capacity of
groundwater resources are exploited. There are 28 villages in this Mandal. Midjil
Mandal is located at around 16 Degree 44 minutes N latitude and 78 Degree 21
minutes E longitude.

Dundubi
Midjil
Tributary

Kothur

Dundubi Stream

Map 1 Location map of Kothur village and the Dundubi stream, Midjil Mandal (Source: Google
Earth)

The topography is undulating and dotted with granitic tors and sheet rocks.
Other features are bushy vegetation, scattered and thorny scrub land, Dundubi
and its tributaries flow through this Mandal, and presence of few ephemeral
tanks all combine to produce a beautiful landscape.


Photo 1 Kothur Village, Midjil Mandal

Kothur Village

Within Midjil Mandal, Kothur village is
selected for V & A Programme. It is
about 50 kilometers distance from
Mahabubnagar town and 7kms
away from Mandal Headquarters - Midjil.
This village has one hamlet called
‘Mallapur’. The nearest major town is
Jadcherla, which is about 30 kms away
from this village. The National Highway
No. 7 passes through Jadcherla town. The area around the village has some
granitic outcrops and the topography is undulating. There is a stream called
Dundubi and its tributary adjoining this village. The total geographical area is 680
hectares.

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Photo 1 Villagers are participating in the participatory resource mapping

Photo 2 Kalajatha – Awareness campaign on V & A Programme

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Photo 3 Women participation in the V & A awareness programme
In the village Self Help groups (SHGs), Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs) and User
Groups are existing and are functioning. There are also village level institutions
like Watershed Association and Village Organization (VO)1 in the village. The
transportation facilities are difficult to this village as it is about 7 kms from the
main road. This village has telephone Communication facilities.

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Population

This is a heterogeneous village with representation of people from diverse castes
and socio-economic structure. The total population of the village is 1462 with 224
households. Majority of the villagers belong to Backward Caste (BC) and
Scheduled Caste (SC). The Other caste and Minorities are few in numbers. There
is no Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in this village. Mallapur is one small hamlet
under this Gram Panchayat. The Sarpanch of this village is a Woman from

1
Federation of SHGs at Village level is called – Village Organisation (VO).

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General category. She participates actively in all the programmes and activities
in the village.

1000
POPULATION
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Backward Scheduled Other Caste Minorities
Caste Caste

Graph 1 Distribution of Population

The sex ratio is 965 (Males 744 and Female 718). This is in contrast to the sex ratio
of children below 6 years which is 1148 (boys 54 and girls 62).

Majority of the population is occupied with agriculture as primary activity. There
are about 255 agricultural laborers.

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Number of
300 Agriculture
Labourers, 255
250

200

150

100
Number of non- Number of
50 agriculture village artisans,
labourers, 20 15

0

The poorest of the poor are from the BC and SC communities, about 12 families
are identified by IKP / VELUGU2 programme.

In this village the migration of people is not so high; only 14 people are migrating
seasonally and are engaged in construction and agricultural work.

Education

The literacy rate is poor in this village as it is remote a remote village. This village
has a middle level school and most of the children go to the school. There is only
one boy not going to school. The literacy rate is 43% of which males is high (57%)
as compared to females (29%).

Self Help Groups (SHGs)

There are 15 Self Help Groups (SHGs) for women, majority of them are in
consumption stage. About 4 are in asset formation and 2 in incremental stage.

2
Indira Kranthi Patham (IKP) / Velugu : This the largest programme supported by World Bank in Andhra
Pradesh State for poverty alleviation, facilitated by Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP), under
the department of rural development, Government of Andhra Pradesh.

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General
Total women population 590
No.of women covered in SHGs 218
No. of SHGs in Village 15
Total corpus 764388
SHGs networked (Yes/No)? Yes
Agriculture Labour 145
Single woman 2
Women headed HH 15
Stage of Women SHGs No. of groups
Primitive 1
Consumption 8
Incremental income 2
Asset Formation 4
Total SHGs 15

Regarding member’s participation in group meetings all decisions are taken
collectively and they are happy with the result.

SHGs participation in community decision making /activities - Groups represent
but are not able to pursue better for getting an assurance for proposed actions.

CASTE WISE REPRSENTATION IN SHGs

OC 27

1
BC 103

SC 88

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Name of SHG Date of Corpus (Rs) Others Corpus
formatio SC B OC Tota Savings Interes DRDA/D (Rs) (Rs)
n C l t PIP
contribut
ion
Ambedkar 28.9.1995 13 0 0 13 47850 3806 12500 30000 64156

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Arunjyothi 28.9.1995 15 0 0 15 54900 4392 12500 30000 71792

Swathi 28.9.1995 15 0 0 15 54900 4392 12500 30000 71792
Vasantha 14.10.95 6 9 0 15 54450 4392 12500 30000 71342

Bramarambika 12.3.1999 0 15 0 15 36000 2880 7600 90000 46480

Malleshwari 15.4.1997 0 24 0 15 46350 3708 0 0 50058

Santhosimatha 26.12.99 1 14 0 15 31950 2556 12500 80000 47006

Susmitha 4.6.1999 0 12 3 15 34650 2772 12500 90000 49922
Indira.p.darsini 12.12.97 0 8 2 10 28500 2280 12500 30000 43280

Lalitha 15.12.97 0 3 12 15 42750 3420 12500 30000 58670
Jyothi 25.3.1997 2 5 8 15 46800 3744 12500 30000 63044
Vidya 8.6.1999 1 12 2 15 34650 2772 0 0 37422
Rajeshwari 12.8.1999 5 10 0 15 39150 3132 0 0 42282

Jhansi 12.12.97 15 0 0 15 31950 2556 0 0 34506
Maruthi 18.9.2003 15 0 0 15 11700 936 0 0 12636
Total 88 10 27 218 596550 47738 120100 764388
3

SHGs need to be strengthened in the following areas; involving them in non-farm
based livelihood activities (diversification and economic security), more
participation for improving the Natural Resources and motivating them for
political representation.

Health and Sanitation

There are 140 sanitary latrines existing in this village, during transect in the village
it is found that still majority of people desecrate outside, which would lead to
health problems. As the number of sanitary latrines existing are inadequate their
numbers need to be increased.

Kitchen Garden: There is only one kitchen garden in the village; it is the most
diversified and meeting all the vegetable and fruit needs of a family. There is
potential to encourage the villagers for having kitchen gardens – for health and
nutrition of the families.

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Poorest of the Poor

There are only 12 poorest of the poor families identified in this village; they could
be given priority and be brought under the appropriate schemes of the
Government.

Rainfall and Temperature

The Normal Rainfall of Kondurg Mandal is 618 mm as compared to the District
Normal of 604mm. And the south west monsoon is erratic which accounts for the
maximum rainfall. Kondurg Mandal is an interior area, with hot summers (Temp.
39 deg C to 41 deg C) and warm winters (25 deg C to 35 deg C). The summer
period is from March to May.

Table 1 Rainfall pattern – Midjil Mandal
Rainfall in (mm)
NORMALS 618.0
1999-2000 524.7
% OF DEVI -15.1
2000-01 761.4
% OF DEVI 23.2
2001-02 691.0
% OF DEVI 11.8
2002-03 619.9
% OF DEVI 0.3
2003-04 711.4
% OF DEVI 15.1

Land

The land use pattern of Kothur village is shown in graph 1. This is for the latest
data for year 2004-05, it is observed that there is no forest and pasture land
categories.

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500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Area under

other grazing
Land put to
Area sown
more than

pastures and

Miscellaneous
sown (total

Other fallow
uncultivable
Cultivable

agriculture
Barren and

Permanent
cropped
Net area

and groves
tree crops
waste

once

forest

lands
non-
land

Graph 2

Table 2 Land Use Pattern
Land Use Pattern Area
(Hectares)
2004-2005
Total Geographical area 680
Net area sown (total cropped area) 476
Cultivable waste 152
Area sown more than once 120
Barren and uncultivable land 92
Land put to non-agriculture use 3.2

Soils

There are three types of soils in the village - Black soils (48%), Sandy soils (27%)
and Red soils (21%) (see graph 2). Some of the lands have turned alkaline due to
irrigation and high evaporation conditions.

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Red Soil SOILS
21%
Sandy soils
31%

Black soil
48%

Graph 3 Types of soils

Agriculture

Agriculture is the main livelihood activity in this village and also the dependent
agricultural laborers are more. Majority of the farmers are marginal and small
land holders. Castor, Cotton, Jowar, Redgram, Maize, Paddy and Groundnut are
the major crops grown in this village, which are grown mostly during the Kharif3
season.

A village with Cranes – Kongala Kothur
This village in the past was well known for paddy, there used to be water all year round surrounding
the village and hence attracted the cranes and egrets. Especially during and after the rainy
season the whole village trees were occupied by the birds. Then this village was popularly called
as ‘Kongala Kothur’ or Kothur with cranes. People also strongly believed that if the cranes have not
appeared, there will be less rainfall that year. Therefore the village elders used to visit the
neighboring villages and would tie messages to the trees where cranes resided, requesting the
cranes to return to Kothur. There is no water, therefore no cranes are visible in the village as a result
this village is no more called ‘Kongala Kothur.’ The present scenario is unimaginable and
contrasting, most of the paddy growing fields are left fallow and they are covered with Prosopis
Juliflora and also the soils have turned saline / alkaline.

In this village over years people were cultivating traditional crops like redgram
and castor. In the last 5 years they have switched over to the commercial crop

3
There are basically three seasons, Kharif – Rainy, Rabi – Winter, Zaid – Summer.

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Maize. Their priority has changed because of market prices, input costs and
other risk factors like pests.

As this village is remote very few farmers cultivate vegetables. There is also one
mango orchard of 2 hectares in this village. The chemical fertilizers use has
increased, on an average farmers are using upto 5 bags per acre of land.

CROPPING PATTERN
500 450
450
400
350
300
300
IN ACRES

250
200
150 110
100 65
50 50 40
50
0
Redgram
Castor

Paddy
Cotton

Ground nut
Jowar

Maize

Graph 4 Cropping pattern
Table 3 Crops cultivated in Kothur Village (2004-05)
Crop Name Area (in acres)

Irrigated Rainfed Total
Castor 0 450 450
Cotton 0 300 300
Jowar 0 110 110
Maize 0 65 65
Paddy 50 0 50
Redgram 50 50
Ground nut 40 40
Total 50 1015 1065

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The farmers are satisfied with the outputs from the following rainfed crops Castor,
Cotton, Jowar, Redgram and Maize which are cultivated during the Kharif
season this year. Although there were intermittent rains due to depressions in Bay
of Bengal, it appeared that they would loose their crops but the subsequent
weather conditions were favorable, especially during the ripening stage and the
crops were saved but not with the case of Paddy and Jowar, the intermittent
rains arrived during harvesting period and they had to face the losses.
The major crops cultivated in this village in the last 20 years were basically rainfed
crops red gram (20 yrs back), Castor (10 yrs back) and now Maize (see graph ).

MAJOR CROPS GROWN
Maize Castor Redgram
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Present 10 years 20 years
1

ago ago

Graph 5 Time line – Major crops Cultivated

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Case Study 1
Mr. Upender Reddy is 25 years old, he is into farming since last 6 years after his father expired. He
owns 11 acres of cultivable land (7.5 acres is irrigated and 2.5 acres is rainfed). Although he drilled
4 borewells only two of them are functioning.

In his rainfed agricultural field he cultivates groundnut, castor and redgram. Earlier he used to
leave one acre of rainfed land fallow, for his cattle grazing in it.

Of the 7.5 acres irrigated land, 4 acres cotton and 2 acres paddy is cultivated, and about 1 acre
of land is left fallow in rotation.

Earlier this family had 15 nos. of cattle (11 buffalos and 4 cows), because of drought he has sold all
of them last year. He doesn’t have any cattle now.

He visits the Agriculture University and interacts with agricultural officers for advice on cultivation of
various crops. He gave the soil samples for testing for understanding the soil condition, so that he
could improve it. He uses less chemical fertilizers and more Farm Yard Manure. He is one of the
progressive farmers selected for the programme.

There is a nursery in the village started under the Watershed project, the same
facility could be used for growing useful saplings for tree crops, agro-forestry and
agri-horticulture.

As most of the farmers are marginal and small and are either SCs / BCs through
introduction of certain practices their lands could be made more fertile.

The agricultural produce is sold to non-institutional sources without any value
addition. There are Rythu Mithra Groups in the village although farmers are well
organized but they are unable to get the extension services effectively.

Land Holding

Majority of the farmers in the village are Small and Marginal4 and most of them
belong to scheduled caste and backward caste (see graph 3). There are only
few large farmers in the village.

4
Marginal Farmer – 1 to 2.5 acres of dry land and Small Farmer – 2.6 to 5 acres of dry land in
Mahabubnagar District.

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LAND HOLDING PARTICULARS Land Holdings Marginal
Land Holdings Small

Land Holdings Large
Other Caste

Other Backward
Caste

Schedule Caste

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Graph 6 Land holding particulars

Livestock

Because of the subsequent drought conditions there was shortage of fodder, as
a result the number of families possessing livestock has come down in the last 10
years (see graph below). Most importantly the dairy activity has got affected,
although the private commons available for grazing has increased as many
farmers have left their fields fallow. Livestock is also an important asset to cope
with drought situation and difficult times. The number of small ruminants have
increased as compared to 20 years back, but their numbers are coming down,
due to shortage of fodder and drinking water availability. There sheeps and
goats are usually kept by Shepherd community called Kurumas. Dairy animals
are also possessed by majority of the families. There is also priority and
preference of people for getting engaged in dairy activity and there is a milk
collection center in the village. There is need to create alternative solutions for
fodder availability to encourage keeping the livestock. Backyard poultry is a
very common activity for majority of the people.

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LIVESTOCK POPULATION
3500
Current (2005)

3000
upto 10 years ago
(1995-2004)
2500
>10 to 20 years
ago(1985-1994)

2000

1500

1000

500

0
Cows Bullocks Buffaloes Sheep Goat

Graph 7 Livestock population – Timeline

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Graph 8 Resource Map of Kothur Village

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Water Resources

Although there are 8 number of tanks in the village, the irrigation potential is
limited due to non / poor maintenance of the tanks. Three tanks are non-
functional. The total area irrigated under the tanks is just 28.8 hectares.

There are 40 openwells, this village having located close to the dundubi tributary
has sandy soils. As the soils are sandy, the openwells, filter points and borewells
need to be lined to prevent collapsing of the walls. The 24 openwells existing in
the village are functional during and few months after the rains.

Photo 4 Because of above normal rains this year groundwater levels have increased

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Photo 5 A filter point well – along the banks of Dundubi tributary

Of the 120 borewells only 70 are functional. Whereas all the 50 filter wells are
functional especially this year due to good amount of rains received. The
groundwater levels are highly fluctuating due to the presence of sand in the
ground – more groundwater is available if there is flooding in the tributary of
Dundubi stream and its tributary.

People are more and more dependent on the filter wells and borewells for
irrigation leading to over exploitation of the meager groundwater resources. For
improving the irrigation potential the following possibilities are existing:
1. Renovation of existing structures
2. Creation of proper drainage facilities for water harvesting and treating the
water logging areas.
3. Desilting of tanks, renovating the feeder channels and drainage lines and
removal of vegetation occupying the tank bed.
4. Creation of new water harvesting structures at feasible locations.

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Watershed Programme

This village was selected for the watershed project in the year 1995-96 under
Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS). About Rs. 16 lakhs were spent on various
watershed works. Watershed Development Fund (WDF) contribution by the
stakeholders is about Rs. 96 thousand which is available with Watershed
Association.
The Watershed Committee executed the following works under the project :
laying of earth bunds of 1400 meters length, constructed 2 percolation tanks with
revetment, 5 masonry checkdams, 220 gully control structures and 1 feeder
channel.

Status of water resources
Surface water – Adequate storage facilities are created sharing with informal
system.
Groundwater - About 40% of open wells are dry and bore wells are being drilled to
greater depths. The dry open wells can be used for recharging the aquifers. The

drilling of borewells is a recent practice and the numbers are increasing
affecting the existing filter wells and openwells.
Drinking water (DW) - Adequate DW sources are created and shared judiciously.
Water is available throughout the year and there are hand pumps too. The
village is having an overhead tank and water is supplied regularly through pipes.
Soil Moisture - Moisture content improved very little with the implementation of
the watershed programme and farmers are able to get one secure crop.

Energy

Most of the families are still using fuel wood as source of energy for domestic
cooking, which is causing health problems to women. It also involves
considerable amount of time to fetch the firewood. About 40 smokeless chullahs
are provided in this village, which are less polluting and conserve the
consumption of fuel wood.

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About 55 LPG gas connections were provided to 55 families, only 35 families are
using them. They don’t use them for regular cooking, because the LPG refilling
costs are very high for the families to afford. Although there are 10 biogas plants
in the village, only one biogas plant is functioning. Rest of the biogas plants need
to be repaired for making them functional.

Energy conservation is also an important issue, to save energy (electricity) there
are some options like: The farmers need to install capacitors for all agricultural
borewells, these will reduce the consumption of the power and also prevents the
burning of motors due to power fluctuations.

Lighting is the most essential thing, especially for children’s education, for
domestic and street lighting they could use white Light Emitting Diodes which are
cool, bright and long lasting. On pilot basis some Lighting modules could be
installed in the village. With them villagers would save the precious subsidized
electricity consumption.

As majority of the farmers are marginal and small, the draught animals are still a
major source of energy for agricultural activities and local transportation.

Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching drinking water,
fuelwood and fodder, i.e., about 1 hour per day for each of the resources. The
fuelwood access has increased because of the excessive growth of Prosopis
Juliflora.

Common Pool Resource (CPR)

The productive CPR is very much limited about 18 acres and also there is
limitation to develop CPR for creation of alternative livelihoods. The revenue land
available is mostly along the Dundubi tributary, which floods every year.

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Institutions Functioning at Village level

These are the following Government Departments or Agencies programs /
services in the village.
Ongoing Programmes
• SGRY,
• 9th Finance commission,
The total amount allocated till date for the above programmes is rupees 72
thousand only.
Natural Resources Management (NRM)
• Agriculture Department / Rythu Mitra Groups (RMGs).
• ·Horticulture Dept
• Animal Husbandry
• Irrigation Dept (Minor / Medium / Major)
Social Aspects
• Dist. Rural Dev. Agency (DRDA) / District Poverty Initiatives Programme
(DPIP) / Indira Kranthi Patham
• DPEP / Education
• Medical and Health
• SC Corporation
• BC Welfare / BC Corporation
• Social Welfare Department
• Anganwadi / Women and Children Welfare
• ICDS / Child Development Programme
• Housing Department – Houses constructed by the government for SCs /
BCs / Poor.
Services
• Civil supplies / Public Distribution system
• Rural water supply (Panchayat Raj dept.)
• Electricity
• Telecommunications / BSNL – Telephone facilities
• Artisans - Adarana scheme for artisans – supply of tools by Govt.
• NEDCAP – (biogas plants)

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Infrastructure Existing
The following infrastructure exists in the village:
Water and Soil Conservation Activities
1. 8 Irrigation Tanks
2. 5 Borewells for drinking
3. 1 Overhead tank
4. 2 Check dams

Buildings
1. Panchayat Office
2. Primary School
3. Community hall
Noon-meal center building – near the school
Roads
CC roads within the village, blacktop road connecting the village with the main
road at Midjil and the road connecting Mallapur hamlet.
Common Facilities
1. This village is having electricity service
2. About 7 kms away the transportation services are available for the villagers.
Everyday only once the bus service is available to this village, rest of the time
people commute through autorickshaws and jeeps.
3. Telephone connectivity is existing in this village.
Dairy / Veterinary services
1. One milk collection centre is existing in this village.

Infrastructure gaps

Water and Soil Conservation Activities
1. 2 Irrigation Tanks
2. 2 borewell - Hand Pumps for drinkingwater
3. House Hold level connections from overhead tank

4. 4 Check dams

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Marketing Infrastructuure
1 godown for community grains storage

Roads
Black top road connectivity to Midjil village and Mallapur hamlet.

Common Facilities
Villagers have requested for Village knowledge center and Automatic weather
station.
Library / Resource center
A Secondary school building
Anganwadi building for small children.

READINESS AND WILLINGNESS OF THE VILLAGERS

During the focused group discussions the villagers have expressed their readiness
and willingness on the following aspects.
• Involvement in production enhancement activities
• Working on Agriculture based micro-enterprises.
• Non-agriculture based micro-enterprises.
• Promoting more percolation tanks for rainwater harvesting.
• Development of assigned lands
• Leasing of land to SHGs by the community
• Seed bank and seed improvement
• Management of kuntas and tanks
• Desilting of tanks/conversion to percolation tanks and reviving community
practice of desilting the tanks
• Converting check dams to percolation tanks
• Taking up ridge level percolation pits
• Taking supply/feeder channels to the tanks
• Use of CPR for tree plantations
• Value addition to agricultural produce
• Demarcating land for protection (from grazing & tree felling)

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SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This preliminary study is useful in understanding the various types of Resources
and the ongoing livelihood activities in the pilot village. And based on this study
the following observations were made:

Agriculture
1. People are traditionally involved in agriculture but there is need for them to
adapt to the organic and sustainable agricultural practices.
2. Agriculture is the major livelihood activity in this village, hence there is need to
give them better skills in on-farm and off-farm related activities
• On-farm: Olericulture and Horticulture.
• Off-farm: Dairy, Backyard poultry, ram lamb, sheep development, etc.
3. The villagers need to be mobilized for collective decision in choice of crops
and marketing.
4. There is no seed bank in this village, a seed bank could be promoted for
conserving the traditional indigenous seeds which are resistant to climate
variability.
5. Majority of the farmers are small and marginal, there is a need to provide
additional livelihood opportunities for the farmers.
6. The black and red soils are suitable for diverse crops.
7. Need to adapt scientific methods (like Soil testing) for better management of
the soils.
8. There is also need to provide with knowledge and technology to improve the
existing lands and to bring the fallow lands under cultivation.
9. Should have better Marketing linkages / information
10. Advise on cropping – choice of crops and management practices, there is a
need for better extension of services by the agriculture department.
11. There is still more potential for strengthening the farm based activities.
12. More credit could be accessed from banks for inputs.

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13. There is a lot to improve or work for non farm based livelihood activities,
improvement of natural resources to cope in lean season and for food
security.
Livestock
14. The stress period for availability of fodder is during March and July. There is a
need to promote alternative measures to mitigate the impact.
15. There is a need to improve the dairy sector. The milk production is directly
related to availability of fodder. The farmers are well aware of the leguminous
fodder, there is a need to encourage and provide seed and other inputs for
fodder improvement.
16. Breeding is limited to few months only, between February and March, and
October and December months. There is need to improve the overall
breeding programme and also to control the seasonal diseases with the help
of para-vets yet to be identified.
17. There is potential for further development of dairy as supportive livelihood
activity with the improvement of existing storage and transportation facilities.

Water
18. More area can be brought under cultivation through water conservation
measures and practices.
19. The 14 open wells in the village which are not functioning can be converted
into the recharge wells.
20. There are 8 tanks in the village out of which only 5 tanks are used for irrigation
and the total irrigated area is only 28.8 hectares. Need to renovate the
remaining 3 tanks and to increase the capacity of rest of the tanks.
21. There is need to improve the following aspects: - fodder development, Agro-
and social forestry, horticulture development, promotion of quality of seeds,
vermiculture, Sustainable Agricultural methods, non-farm livelihoods, etc and
also Facilitation for silt removal from the village tanks for application in the dry
lands.

Energy
22. The villagers need to get exposed to the successful case studies elsewhere on
energy conservation and alternative technologies.

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23. Need to revive the defunct biogas plants.
24. Villagers need to be introduced to Improved chullahs / stoves for energy
conservation, gasifier stove - Anila, solar cookers etc.
25. Explore options for installation of Gasifiers based electricity generators – which
would work with wasted biomass.
26. Installation of White Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in few households for
demonstration on power conservation.
27. Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching water, fuelwood
and fodder, i.e., about 3 hours per day. There is need to improve options in
these sectors – availability and access.

Common Pool Resources (CPR)
28. There is potential to plant useful saplings all along the 12 acres of land
available along the road margins and 6 acres of land along the canal bunds
involving women SHGs. Options for improving the 1600 acres of wasteland
available along the Dundubi tributary in the village.

Social Capital
29. Group centered activities are already going on in this village through SHGs
and Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs) which need to be strengthened further.
Through provision of revolving fund the women groups could access the
credit for group centered livelihood activites.
30. Strengthening SHGs by facilitating access to credit and markets through
convergence.
31. Other CBOs in the village need to be further strengthened and networked at
the Gram Panchayat level.

Services
32. Establishment of Village knowledge Center and training center on using the
computers.
33. Establishment of Automatic weather station – for knowledge on the climate
variability and weather information.
34. More credit should be made available to the villagers through banks and
other sources for their activities.

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35. All the households should have sanitary latrines.
36. Similarly the safe drinking water access to be made available to all the
households.
Livelihoods Diversification
37. Alternative livelihood activities: The people in this village are mainly
dependant on agriculture as primary activity. As majority of the farmers are
marginal and small, there is need for livelihoods diversification by the people.
The people need to be provided trainings and skills for adapting to diverse
trades. This would also provide additional employment opportunities. People
are well aware of the developments in various fields, therefore it is easy for
them to diversify and adapt to other livelihood options.
38. The women and youth in the village should be imparted trainings in Micro
enterprise development.
39. Alternative livelihood options need to be provided to the educated youth in
the village. For example youth could be trained on electrical repairs (motor
winding and pumps) and servicing home appliances.

ACTIVITIES COMPLETED
In Kothur village the following activities were completed till date
• Awareness through interaction with community and awareness
programmes using folk media, songs, puppetry, street plays, etc.
• Primary data collection – Structured format and Focused Group
Discussions.
• PRA exercises for community participation, awareness and information
collection (Resource Mapping, seasonality and Transect walk).
• Identification of Pilot Farmers and collection of the agricultural output
samples from Pilot farmers.
• Grama Sabhas were held and the villagers have taken resolution to
participate in this programme.
• Case studies (from pilot villages) collected.
• Process documentation – record of activities and events in the project
villages, video and photo documentation of all the events.

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AFPRO


ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR YEAR 2006
A. Implementation of the Programme – Field Level Activities
1. Facilitate PTD on agriculture, water and energy for selected farmers and
groups
2. Capacity building farmers (on specific best practices1 ) and CBO’s
(institutional aspects)
3. Demonstration of location specific best practices

B. Capacity Building, Documentation and Awareness
1. Validation and documentation of selected coping practices beyond pilot
villages
2. Awareness campaign on climate change/variability
3. Development of information, education and communication (IEC) material
4. Establishment of the Village Knowledge Centers
5. Training of weather Managers.

AFPROs role will be major with respect to all the above aspects, except for B4
and B5 points where it is supportive role to MSSRF. AFPRO will be working together
with National and International Consortium partners, through sharing, learning
and incorporating the ideas for successful implementation of the V & A
programme.
All the proposed activities for implementation are in Yearly Plan of Operation
(YPO), 2006.

Note:
1. All the Participatory Technology Developments will be implemented
through Pilot Farmers.
2. Where ever possible some of the activities will be implemented through
convergence with ongoing programmes.

ANNEXURES
I. SUCCESS STORIES OF NGOs IN ANDHRA PRADESH
II. MAPS OF MIDJIL MANDAL
III. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS INFORMATION OF KOTHUR VILLAGE, MIDJIL MANDAL
IV. YPO, 2006

29
AFPRO

Situational Analysis Kothur

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