SPORTS IN INDIA

ST.PHILOMENA’SCOLLEGE
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
SPORTS IN INDIA
INTRODUCTION
“Nachchan Kuddan Man Ka Chao”, as said by first Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak
Dev ji, it is true eternally. Man has invented games primarily as a means to meet
socially with others, to display skills and physical prowess and to entertain or offer
excitement. Most of the games involve some form of running, throwing and
jumping acrobatics, all of which developed from basic hunting skills. Many early
cultures combined religious and political elements into their games, but there was
always a desire for recreational play that eventually inspired the codification of
early games and the invention of new ones.
Because early man relied heavily on running to hunt prey, footraces
naturally developed and became formalized into track events. With the advent of
the ball and bat, running became the basis for a wide range of modern games such
as association football (soccer), lacrosse and field hockey. The ability to throw a
killing implement far and accurately was transformed from a survival skill into a
game skill like javelin or disc throwing. Although no modern team game is based

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on jumping, the action is widely used as an adjunct in games, most notably in
basketball and volleyball.

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Definition of Sports
Simon Jenkins defines sport, ‘A subset of leisure and work activities that
involves both physical activity and competition”.
According to The New Encyclopedia Britannica “Sports and games,
recreational or competitive activities that involve some amount of physical strength
or skill. At one time, sports were commonly considered to include only the outdoor
recreational 13 pastimes, such as fishing, shooting and hunting as opposed to
games, which were regarded as organized athletic contests played by teams or
individuals according to prescribed rules.
Difference between Sports and Games
Jenkins differentiates “A key difference between play and sports is
institutionalization of games with formalized sets of rules, national regulations and
a governing administrative superstructure of adults. The organizational structure
provides for the maintenance and control of the activity through interpretation of
rules by adults who act as officials. Sport is also characterized by formally
recorded histories and traditions.”

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Guttmann (1988) differentiates between play, games, contests and sports. Play
may be either spontaneous or organized. Organized play involves either
noncompetitive games or competitive games (contests). Contests may be
intellectual contests or physical contests (sports). Chess could be regarded as
intellectual contests.
What activates should be classified as sport is often debated. Britain is one
of the few countries not to recognize chess as a sport, because according to the
Sports Council the game is not sufficiently “physical”.
Sports, pastimes that stress physical skill and strength encompassing a wide
range of individual and team athletics. Organized sports usually have sets of rules
that give each a unique character. Amateur sports are intended primarily for the
enjoyment of the participants, while professional sports are for the entertainment of
the spectators. The differences between sports and games, which are essentially
nonathletic, are sometimes indistinct.
The Disciplines important to the Study of Sport
Over the course of history, people have found the disciplines of history,
philosophy, and more recently biology, psychology and sociology of use in their

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attempts to understand and control their world. It is the contention of many who
studysport that these disciplines may also be employed in attempts to understand
the phenomenon of sport.
Psychology
The psychology of sport is concerned in general terms, with the broad
psychological, social, and emotional aspects of the individual in a context of
physical activity and athletics. It deals with the needs, interests, attitudes,
dispositions, and motivations of the participant rather than just focusing on an
analysis of his performance. The primary intent of such an approach is to
understand why an individual behaves the way he does in sport situations. It is also
about giving psychological training to players.

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CHAPTER 2
DIFFERENT KINDS OF SPORTS IN INDIA
SPORTS IN INDIA
THE MOST POPULAR SPORTSIN INDIA
Sports are an important part of Indian entertainment, culture and tradition.
various sports being played in India. In Below we are going to make a Top 10 List
of Most Popular Sports in India. Popularity mean how many people are watching
that sport, or how many revenue generated from that sport. popularity not suppose
to success. forexample, india has produced somegreat chess players, but we can’t
say that chess is the most popular are 2nd most popular sportin india.

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In soccerindian national team ranked as 156th team in FIFA ranking but still
one of the most popular game in india, lots of people are playing and lots of
watching from home. so keeping this criteria in the mind, here is the list of Most
Popular Sports in India.
Top 10 MostPopular Sports in India
BASKETBALL
Basketball in India is played in most of the high schools, colleges and
universities. There is considerable patronage for the game among the younger
generation. Basketball in India is played by both men and women of all ages and
ability. Indian Basketball follows FIBA International Basketball Federation rules
for organizing basketball championships.

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TABLE TENNIS
Table tennis is a popular indoor recreation sport in India, which has caught
on in states like West Bengal and Tamil Nadu. The Table Tennis Federation of
India is the official sports body to control table tennis in India. India’s Sharath
Kamal currently ranked 30th in the world.
WRESTLING
Wrestling is one of the most watched sport in india. teenagers and
youngsters in india mostly following wrestling. WWE has promoted The Great
Khali, an Indian police officer turned professional wrestler, to attract Indian
audiences.

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MOTOR CARS
Motorsport has gained a lot of popularity in India recent times. Though it is
not common for people of india to take part in the sport, but has a huge fan
following. ormula One in particular has taken off in the country in the last few
years, with the first ever Indian Formula One driver competing in 2005 and the
first ever Formula One Indian Grand Prix taking place in 2011.
CHESS
Chess is one of the most popular sport in india from last two decades
especially, due to chess Grandmaster and former World Champion Viswanathan
Anand. Anand is considered a hero by many Indians. His rise in the world chess

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stage stage has inspired a while generation of young Indians to take up the game of
Chess. The All India Chess Federation is the governing body for chess in India.
TENNIS
Tennis has long been a popular sport in India. Though India has not been a
powerful force in the singles event, it has often done very well in the doubles and
mixed doubles category.Sania Mirza and Rohan Bopanna are the real inspiration
for Indian youth.

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BADMINTON
Badminton is a popular sport in India. It is the second most played sport in
India after Cricket. Badminton in India is managed by Badminton Association of
India.
India has achieved some very good success at International level in
badminton. Indian “shuttler” Saina Nehwal was ranked second in the world in the
year 2010. Prakash Padukone and Pullela Gopichand, both won the All England
Open in 1980 and 2001 respectively. Saina is also the lone Indian badminton
player to have won an Olympic medal when she won the bronze medal at the 2012
Olympics.

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FIELD HOCKEY
Field Hockey is the national sport of India In the Olympics along with
Pakistan. India is the one of most successful country in men’s field hocke. india
has won with 8 gold, 1 silver, and 2 bronze medals, more than any other team in
the world. they also won world cup hockey tournament in 1975 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.

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SOCCER
India qualified for the 1950 FIFA World Cup finals as a result of the
withdrawal of all of their scheduled opponents. However, the governing body
AIFF decided against going to the World Cup, being unable to understand the
importance of the event at that time. The AIFF argued that the cost of travel was
expensive (although FIFA agreed to bear a major part of the travel expenses) and
there were also problems like lack of practice time, team selection issues and more
preference was given to the Olympics over the FIFA World Cup.
The period from 1951 to 1962 is considered the golden era in Indian
football. Under the tutelage of legendary Syed Abdul Rahim, India became the best
team in Asia. India's football team started the 1950s with their triumph in the 1951
Asian Games which they hosted Later next year they went on to participate in the
1952 Summer Olympics, but lost 10–1 to Yugoslavia. Like four years earlier,
many of the team played without boots. After the result the AIFF immediately
made it mandatory to wear boots. India then went on to finish eighth in the 1954
Asian Games held in Manila.They finished fourth in the 1956 Olympic Games,
which is regarded as one of finest achievements in Indian football. India first met
hosts Australia, winning 4–2 with Neville D'Souza becoming the first Asian to
score a hat trick in the Olympics and also making India the first Asian team to

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reach the Olympic semi-finals. They lost 4–1 to Yugoslavia, and lost the third
place play-off match 3–0 to Bulgaria.Then in 1962, India went on to win the 1962
Asian Games where they beat South Korea 2–1 in the final.
In 1964, India played in its most memorable tournament yet. The 1964 AFC
Asian Cup where they finished as runners-up thanks to then manager Harry
Wright. India won their first match against South Korea 2–0, then lost 2–0 to the
hosts Israel and then won 3–1 against Hong Kong which gave India second place
in the tournament. After the Asian Cup, Indian football went downhill. Failure in
many Asian Cup qualification tournaments meant that the next time India reached
the quarter-final stage was as hosts in the 1982 Asian Games. Then all of a sudden
India managed to qualify for the 1984 AFC Asian Cup after twenty years.But
during the competition, India failed to make any impact.India would then fail to
make the Asian Cup for another 27 years.
Although India failed to qualify for the 2004 Asian Cup, the team did well
by showing off a silver-medal winning performance in the inaugural Afro Asian
Games, with victories over Rwanda and Zimbabwe (then 85 places ahead of India
in the world rankings) along the way, losing the final by just 1–0 to Uzbekistan.
Soccer is second most popular sport in India.alothough indian national
soccer team hasn’t much success at international level. the indian national soccer

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team is ranking 156th team in FIFA ranking. but still 2nd most played and watched
sport in india.

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CRICKET
Cricket is by far the most popular sport in India. The Board of Control for
Cricket in India is the global leader in profits in the world of cricket. I have seen
poster more than one time written “India have two religen “Cricket & Film”. India
Have produced Some Legend Cricketers Like Kapil Dev, Sunil Gavaskar, Rahul
Dravid and Sachin Tendulkar. These players Make Cricket Most Popular Sport
Among Indian People. In India, Lot of Money Involved in Cricket after
Introduction of IPL. Indian Premier League attracts cricketers from all over the
world.

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India has won All of the ICC Tournaments Including ODI’s World Cup 2
times (1983 & 2011), T20 World Cup 2007, ICC Champions Trophy 2013. so
without any doubt Cricket is the by far most popular sport in india.
History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945
India became a member of the “elite club” joining Australia, England, South
Africa, New Zealand and the West Indies in June 1932. India's first match in Lords
against England attracted a massive crowd of 24,000 people as well as the King of
the United Kingdom, who was also the Emperor of India
The major and defining event in the history of Indian cricket during this
period was the Partition of India following full independence from the British Raj
in 1947.Vikhyat gupta was the first person in cricket history to score a triple ton in
his debut match in an odi.
An early casualty of change was the Bombay Quadrangular tournament,
which had been a focal point of Indian cricket for over 50 years. The new India had
no place for teams based on ethnic origin. As a result, the Ranji Trophy came into
its own as the national championship. The last-ever Bombay Pentangular, as it had
become, was won by the Hindus in 1945–46.

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India also recorded its first Test victory in 1952, beating England by an innings in
Madras
One team totally dominated Indian cricket in the 1960s. As part of 15
consecutive victories in the Ranji Trophy from 1958–59 to 1972–73, Bombay won
the title in all ten seasons of the period under review. Among its players were
Farokh Engineer, Dilip Sardesai, Bapu Nadkarni, Ramakant Desai, Baloo Gupte,
Ashok Mankad and Ajit Wadekar.
In the 1961–1962 season, the Duleep Trophy was inaugurated as a zonal
competition. It was named after Ranji's nephew, Kumar Shri Duleepsinhji (1905–
59). With Bombay in its catchment, it is not surprising that the West Zone won six
of the first nine titles
Bombay continued to dominate Indian domestic cricket, with only
Karnataka, Delhi, and a few other teams able to mount any kind of challenge
during this period.
India enjoyed two international highlights. In 1971, they won a Test series in
England for the first time ever, surprisingly defeating Ray Illingworth's Ashes

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winners. In 1983, again in England, India were surprise winners of the 1983
Cricket World Cup under the captainship of Kapil Dev.
During the 1970s, the Indian cricket team began to see success overseas
beating New Zealand, and holding Australia, South Africa and England to a draw.
The backbone of the team were the Indian spin quartet – Bishen Bedi, E.A.S.
Prasanna, BS Chandrasekhar and Srinivas Venkataraghavan, giving rise to what
would later be called the Golden Era of Indian cricket history. This decade also
saw the emergence of two of India's best ever batsmen, Sunil Gavaskar and
Gundappa Viswanath responsible for the back-to-back series wins in 1971 in the
West Indies and in England, under the captaincy of Ajit Wadekar.
(From the 1993–94 season, the Duleep Trophy was converted from a
knockout competition to a league format.) Several team names and spellings were
altered during the 1990s when traditional Indian names were introduced to replace
those that were associated with the British Raj. Most notably, Bombay became
Mumbai and the famous venue of Madras became Chennai.
During the 1980s, India developed a more attack-focused batting line-up
with talented batsmen such as Mohammed Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar and Ravi
Shastri prominent during this decade. ((Despite India's victory in the Cricket World

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Cup in 1983, the team performed poorly in the Test arena, including 28
consecutive Test matches without a victory. However, India won the Asia Cup in
1984 and won the World Championship of Cricket in Australia in 1985.)) The
1987 Cricket World Cup was held in India
21st century History of cricket in India from 2000–01
Since 2000, the Indian team underwent major improvements with the
appointment of John Wright, India's first ever foreign coach. This appointment met
success internationally as India maintained their unbeaten home record against
Australia in Test series after defeating them in 2001 and won the inaugural ICC
World T20 in 2007. India was also the first Sub-continental team to win at the
WACA in January 2008 against Australia.
India's victory against the Australians in 2001 marked the beginning of a
dream era for the team under the captainship of Sourav Ganguly, winning Test
matches in Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies and England. India also shared a
joint victory with Sri Lanka in the ICC Championship, and went on to the finals in
the 2003 Cricket World Cup only to be beaten by Australia.
In September 2007, India won the first ever Twenty20 World Cup held in
South Africa, beating Pakistan by 5 runs in a thrilling final.

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India won the Cricket World Cup in 2011 under the captainship of Mahindra Singh
Dhoni,the first time since 1983 – they beat Sri Lanka in the final held in Mumbai.
India played its 500th Test match against New Zealand at Kanpur from the
22nd of September 2016. India won this match by 197 runs. This test was played
under the captaincy of Virat Kohli.

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KABADDI
Various forms of kabaddi are played. Hence, many states in India lay claim
to the game. Some forms of kabaddi originated in the southern Indian state of
Tamil Nadu, where it is derived from group hunting and village defence. Other
forms of kabaddi originated in northern parts of India. Although the game is a
traditional sport in various parts of South Asia, the modern standardised version
identifies kabaddi with Maharashtra where the process of standardising the rules of
kabaddi took place from 1915 through to the 1920s. Though variations emerged
and rules were framed, the game’s principal objective remained unchanged.
Modern kabaddi is therefore a synthesis of the game played in various forms
under different names. Kabaddi received international exposure during the 1936
Berlin Olympics, demonstrated by India. The game was introduced in the Indian
National Games at Calcutta in 1938. In 1950 the All India Kabaddi Federation
(AIKF) came into existence and framed the rules. The AIKF was reconstituted as
The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) in 1972 and the first national
tournament for men was held in Chennai.
Kabaddi was introduced to and popularised in Japan in 1979 by Sundar Ram
of India, who toured Japan on behalf of Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation for
two months to introduce the game.In 1979, matches between Bangladesh and India

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were held across India. The first Asian Kabaddi Championship was held in 1980
and India emerged as champion, beating Bangladesh in the final. The other teams
in the tournament were Nepal, Malaysia, and Japan. The game was included for the
first time in the Asian Games in Beijing in 1990 where seven teams took part.

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ATHLETICS
History of Indian athletics dates back to the Vedic Period. Although it is
indeed a mystery when exactly athletics in India made its presence felt as a distinct
sports form; however it can be said that the well illustrated values of the Atharva
Vedacontoured the limn of Indian athletics.
In the Vedic age or much later in the period of the Ramayanaand
Mahabharata, Athletics were typically a common form of sports. Sports like
chariot racing, archery, horsemanship, military tactics, wrestling, weight lifting,
swimming and hunting made their presence felt quite colossally back in that era.
Historical evidence unveils that Indian athletics acquired a remarkable dimension,
when Buddhism held sway in India. Many interesting athletic events like archery,
horse riding, and chariot-racing were in vogue during that period. Apart from these
games, some other games like hiking, walking, and 'gulli-danda' also made their
presence felt at a later period in ancient India. Almost all these games were defined
as a 'must' in the military training sessions of the Indian empires, during that
period. With the course of time, the nature and formation of sports in India started
to change. During the medieval period in the history of Indian athletics, Indians
started playing sports like running, jumping and throwing, etc. Most of these sports
were actually ancestors of the track eventand field events of today's athletics. All

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these sports were immensely popular in India, as they were quite capable of
improving one's physical fitness.
Athletics was being played in an unorganised manner in India till
Independence and it was in 1946, when Indian athletics started to be managed in an
organised manner. The decade of 1940s and 1950s are most notable in the history
of Indian athletics, as a number of athletics associations started their journey in
India, during that period. In 1946, the Amateur Athletics Federation of India
(AAFI) was established for the management of Indian athletics. It worked in
collaboration with other athletics associations for improving the entire scenario of
Indian athletics.

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INDIA OLYMPICS
India sent its first athlete to the Olympics for the 1900 games, but an Indian
national team did not compete at the Olympics until 1920. Ahead of the 1920
Olympics, Sir Dorab Tata and Governor of Bombay George Lloyd helped India
secure representation at the International Olympic Council, enabling it to
participate in the Olympic Games (see India at the 1920 Olympic Games). India
then sent a team to the 1920 Olympics, comprising four athletes, two wrestlers, and
managers Sohrab Bhoot and A H A Fyzee. The Indian Olympic movement was
then established during the 1920s: some founders of this movement were Dorab
Tata, A.G. Noehren (Madras College of Physical Education), H.C. Buck (Madras

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College of Physical Education), Moinul Haq (Bihar sports associations), S. Bhoot
(Bombay Olympic Association), A.S. Bhagwat (Deccan Gymkhana), and G.D.
Sondhi (Punjab Olympic Association); Lt.Col H.L.O. Garrett (from the
Government College Lahore and Punjab Olympic Association) and Sagnik Poddar
(of St.Stephen's School) helped organise some early national games; and prominent
patrons included Maharajas and royal princes Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, Ranji of
Nawanagar, the Maharaja of Kapurthala, and the Maharaja of Burdwan.
In 1923, a provisional All India Olympic Committee was formed, and in Feb
1924 the All India Olympic Games (that later became the National Games of India)
were held to select a team for the Paris Olympics. The Indian delegation at the
Paris Olympics comprised seven athletes, seven tennis players and team manager
Harry Buck.
In 1927, the provisional Indian Olympic Committee formally became the
Indian Olympic Association (IOA)-its main tasks were to promote the
development of sports in India, choose host cities for the national games, and send
teams-selected from the national games-to the Olympics. Thus, at the 1928
national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Olympics,
with G. D. Sondhi as manager for the Olympic team. By this time, the Indian
Hockey Federation (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to

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the Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were
similarly sent to the Olympic Games in 1932 (four athletes and one swimmer) and
1936 (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter), along with three
officials headed by team manager Sondhi.
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Abhinav Bindra won gold in the Men's 10
metre air rifle event becoming the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at
the Olympic Games. Vijender Singh got the country's first medal in boxing with
his bronze medal in Middleweight category.
The 2012 Summer Olympics saw an 83-member Indian contingent
participating in the games and setting a new best for the country with a total of six
medals. Wrestler Sushil Kumar became the first Indian with multiple individual
Olympic medals (bronze at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and silver at the 2012
Summer Olympics) since Norman Pritchard in 1900. Saina Nehwal won bronze
medal in badminton in Women's singles getting the country's first Olympic medal
in badminton. Pugilist Mary Kom became the first Indian woman to win a medal in
boxing with her bronze medal finish in Women's flyweight category.
At the 2016 Summer Olympics, a record number of 118 athletes competed.
Sakshi Malik became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Olympic medal
with her bronze medal finish in Women's freestyle 58 kg category. Shuttler P. V.

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Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also
the youngest Indian Olympic medallist.

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CHAPTER 3
CONCLUSION
SPORTS IN INDIA
CONCLUSION
Gone are the days when the nation’s power was being judged by its military
strength and wealth. Today that notion is fast changing with the radical spread of
streamlined education coupled with access to information and exposure to the
diversity of our planet. Sport, Entertainment, Knowledge and Economic vitality
now showcase a nation’s power. Sport in particular showcases a nation’s soft
power but definitely it enhances the nation’s pride at the global level. Sport pushes
the general population towards being fit, strong and conscious of one’s general
well being.
Besides this, sub-consciously it helps in building strong ethics such as
teamwork, integrity, leadership. All these have direct bearing on the productivity
level of the working population leading to better economic condition of the nation.
Sport is the universal language that transcends age, gender, religion and social
standing. It has the power to unite the world. Sport in India is on the edges of a
revolution. With an energetic young population, more and more people see sport

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as a form of entertainment, fitness and leisure. A paradigm shift is taking place,
with the Indian sport industry having the potential of becoming a sustained
growing industry. There are several aspects related to sport that needs to be
addressed in a multi-pronged manner. Sport need to be a greater part of education;
mega-sport events need to be brought more and more into a developing and
aspiring economy.
However, the characteristic of sport industry in India has been identified
assorted and mixed with other industry groups. We did not come across any
structural classification of Indian sport industry (as per the resources investigated
during literature search) and the sector has been identified quite scattered. A strong
need for a composite structure of Indian sport industry was felt and a hierarchical
model for this purpose has been developed during the study. The sport sector can
be divided broadly into two categories known as the sport goods sector and sport
services sector. The sport goods sector comprises of all products which are bought
for use in sport:Sport equipment, sportclothing and sport footwear. Whereas,sport
services include expenditure on admission to spectator sport, fees and subscriptions
for participation sport, sport-related expenditure on television, and expenditure on
health and fitness clubs.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1)"Department of Sports". YAS. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
2)Yas.nic.in. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
3)http://www.cppr.in/article/government-is-a-spoilsport/
4)"Sports Authority of India, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports – Government
of India". Sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
5)www.wikipedia.com
6)www.google.com
7)www.sportsindia.com

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