This is my Graduate defense presentation. I have interest in various topics like cloud computing and software defined networking. This slides includes the research of various researchers on cloud computing and SDN, presented their work as my comprehensive exam.
1. Graduate Presentation
under the esteemed guidance of
Dr.Qi Tian
Dr.Xiaoyin wang
Dr. Ali Saman Tosun
Presented by:
Sai Gandham
2. Papers to be covered:
1. A view of Cloud Computing
2. Network Virtualization and Software Defined Networking for Cloud Computing
3. Network Virtualization and Resource Description in Software Defined Wireless
Networks
3. A view of cloud computing
By
Michael Armbrust, Armando fox, Rean
Griffith, Anthony D.Joseph, Randy katz, Andy
konwinski,Gunho lee, David Patterson, Ariel
rabkin, Ion stoica, and matel zaharia
4. A View of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the
internet and the hardware and systems software in the data centers that
provide those services.
Services includes 1) Software as a service
2) Infrastructure as a service
3) Platform as a service
5. Public and Private Cloud
Public cloud : when a cloud is made available in a “pay as you go” manner to
the general public, we call it as public cloud.
Services being sold is utility computing
Private cloud: When a cloud is made available only to internal data centers of
a business or other organizations , not made available to
general public.
6. Aspects new in cloud computing
The appearance of infinite computing resources available on demand.
The elimination of an up-front commitment by cloud users.
The ability to pay for use of computing resource on a short term basis as
needed and release them as needed.
7. Cloud computing economics
Three particularly compelling use cases that favor cloud computing
1) Demand of service varies with time.
2) When the demand is unknown in advance
3) Organizations that perform batch analytics can use the “cost associativity”
of cloud computing to finish computations faster.
13. Network Virtualization and Software
Defined Networking for cloud computing
By
Raj jain and subharthi paul
14. Network Virtualization and software
defined networking for cloud computing
Why Virtualize ?
Virtualization in computing
Network Virtualization
Software defined networking
Open application delivery using SDN
16. Virtualization in Computing
Virtualization is not a new concept
Computer networking is the plumbing of computing
VLANs allow multiple departments of company to share a physical LAN with
isolation. Similarly VPN
Significant renewed interest in network virtualization fueled primarily by
cloud computing.
17. Network Virtualization
A computer network starts with a network interaction card in the host.
NIC layer 2(L2) network Interconnected(via bridge) layer3 (L3)
Internet
Each of these components needs to be virtualized
Multiple standards to virtualize of several of these components.
18. Virtualization of NICs
For multiple Vms on the system, each VM needs its own Virtual NIC.
One way to solve above problem is by using hypervisor software, that provides
virtual CPU and also implements as many virtual NICs as VMs.
vNICs vSWITCH pNIC pSwitch
VNIC implementation has different standard approaches.
19. Virtualization of switches
Ethernet switch has 32 – 128 ports
Number of physical machines that needs
to be connected on L2 network is larger
Several layers of switches need
to be used to form L2 network
20. Virtual LANs in CLOUDS
Problem in cloud: Multiple VMs in a single physical machine may belong to
different clients and need to be in different VLAN
Each VLAN span several data centers
Solution : VXLAN, NVGRE, STT
21. Software Defined Networking
SDN is latest revolution in networking innovations.
SDN consists of four innovations
1) Separation of control plane and data plane
2) Centralization of control plane
3) Programmability of control plane
4) Standardization of application programming interface(APIs)
22. Separation of control and data planes
Networking protocols are arranged in different planes : data, control and
management
Data plane : consists of all messages that are generated by users.
Control plane : Deals with transport of all the messages in data plane.
Generates routing tables by using different routing protocols .
Management Plane: Keeps track of traffic statistics and states of various
network equipment.
Key innovation of SDN is separation of Control and data plane.
Control logic is separated and implemented in controller that prepares
forwarding table
This reduces the complexity and cost of the switches significantly.
23. Centralization of control plane
Centralization was considered bad thing until few years ago
Now it considered as good for good reason
Centralization of control makes sensing the state and adjusting the control
dynamically based on state changes much faster than distributed protocols
Standby controllers can be used to take over in case of failures of the main
controller
24. Programmable control plane
It is easy for the network manager to implement control changes by simply
changing the control program.
The programmable control plane is the most important aspect of SDN
Programmable control plane allows the network to be divided in to several
virtual networks with different policies and yet resides on shared hardware.
25. Standardized APIs
SDN consists of centralized control plane with
Southbound API for communication with hardware infrastructure
Northbound API is for communication with network applications
26. SDN impact and future
SDN is expected to make network programmable and easily partitionable and
virtualizable
These features are required for cloud computing where network
infrastructure is shared with number of competing entities
SDN is expected to reduce both capital expenditure and operational
expenditure
Network of tomorrow is more programmable than today
27. Open Application delivery using SDN
Current SDN based efforts are restricted to L3 and below network traffic
It may be expanded to L3 and above layer network traffic management
Application traffic management involves application deployment and delivery
policies.
Application service is replicated over multiple hosts and may be partitioned
for improved performance.
28. Problem statement
Most applications need to serve global audience
Needs servers all over the world
Cloud services provides multiple computing and storage facilities
Problem is routing using ASP’s policies in a very dynamic multi cloud
environment is not possible
Since ISP’s offer no service to dynamically route messages
31. Network Virtualization and resource
description in software defined wireless
Networks
By
Qianru zhou, Cheng-Xiang wang, Stephen
Mclaughlin, and xiaotian zhou
32. Network virtualization and resource
description in software defined wireless
networks
Challenges in wireless networks
Overview of existing SDWN architectures
Network description based on RDF
SDWN Architecture with resource description and ontologies
33. Challenges in wireless networks
SDN virtualizes the network architecture and isolates data control traffic.
The design of wireless network architecture challenging
Must deal with physical restrictions caused by fast changing nature of wireless
channels
Server virtualization of wireless networks is also more challenging as it has to
satisfy the requirements of both coherence and hardware isolation
34. SDWN Virtualization Architecture
SDWN is about making decisions on how a connection or flow is transmitted
across network
SDWN is to split data and control plane
Most widely used protocol is open flow
It configure network elements
Provides open protocol to program the flow table in different switches and
routers
35. Architecture designs of SDWN
Current SDWN research focuses on network architecture
Existing designs often focus on different positions
Route flow focuses on IP routing services
FlowVisor and FlowN concentrates on slicing the network physical
infrastructure .
OpenRoads was proposed with the intention to replace present WIFI networks
37. Information model
In SDWN, information model is the fundamental element
Information model describes all resources of network
This information model is foundation of network virtualization
It describes both physical layer infrastructure and visualization.
Information model should be Technology independent, reusable, easily
extensible and linkable to other existing model.
38. Semantic technology
Semantic web all the information and services can be understood and used
both by humans and computers.
Semantic web is composed of three elements
Metadata, RDF, and ontology
Metadata is the data about data
RDF is a standard about making statements about resources
Ontology is also known as vocabulary, describes set of classes and relationship
between classes
In network description ontology describes a set of nodes and relation between
them.
39. Network semantic ontology applications
Until now network semantic ontology languages proposed are numberless
These languages have different grammar, different parameters and different
specificities of application
A universally accepted language that describes the resources of SDN is not has
ben proposed
Due to complicated and variable wireless channels environment and emerging
new technologies building ontology for wireless networks is arduous task
40. Performance evaluation of ontology
The ontology evaluation is the process to determine which resources the
ontology defines correctly/incorrectly and those it does not define.
The criteria for performance evaluation are :
1) Consistency
2) Completeness
3) Conciseness
4)Expandability
5) Sensitiveness
46. References
Michael Armbrust, Armando Fox, Rean Griffith, Anthony D. Joseph, Randy
Katz, Andy Konwinski, Gunho Lee, David Patterson, Ariel Rabkin, Ion Stoica,
and Matei Zaharia. 2010. A view of cloud computing. Commun. ACM 53, 4
(April 2010), 50-58. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1721654.1721672
R. Jain and S. Paul, "Network virtualization and software defined networking
for cloud computing: a survey," in IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no.
11, pp. 24-31, November 2013.doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2013.6658648
Q. Zhou, C. X. Wang, S. McLaughlin and X. Zhou, "Network virtualization and
resource description in software-defined wireless networks," in IEEE
Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 110-117, November 2015.
doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7321979