1. Cassava – The Root to Prosperity
Thiruvengadam Sridhar – Export Trading Group
Enhancing Cassava Production, Post Harvest Supply Chain
and Processing in Mozambique
Cassava World Africa– Accra- Ghana – March 2016

2. Export Trading Group
• Home sown, Home grown group in Africa
• Number one Group in Maize, Pulses and Fertilizers in Africa
• Operations in 42 countries across the Globe
• 30 years of experience in Africa
• Moved 3 million tons of cargo moved in the year 2014-15
• Group turnover valued at USD 3 billion in the year 2014-15
• Warehouses – over 300 with storage capacity over 1.8 million tons
• Number of employees – over 7,000
• Number of commodities handled - 25

3. Cassava Characteristics
• Cassava is a tuber known by many names yuca, manioc, mandioca, casabe, and
tapioca
• Cassava root is essentially a carbohydrate source. Its composition shows:
– 60-65 % moisture; 20-31 % carbohydrate
– 1-2 % crude protein, a comparatively low content of vitamins and minerals
– the roots are rich in calcium and vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid
• Next to sugar cane and sugar beet, the cassava plant gives the highest yield of
carbohydrates per cultivated area among crop plants
• Cassava plays an important role in developing countries particularly in sub
Saharan Africa as a major source of carbohydrate
• Cassava also offers flexibility to resource-poor farmers because it serves as both
subsistence and a cash crop
• Cassava is flexible with respect to rainfall, soil conditions, seasons for planting
and harvest
• Roots can remain under soil for two to three years but once harvested perishes in
48 to 72 hours

4. Cassava Global - Countries
105 Countries
Latin America Africa Asia
50% 30%20%

5. Cassava Global – Area Under Production
Latin America Africa Asia
12MHa 3.5MHa3MHa

6. Cassava Global Productivity and Poverty
10 15 25
AxisTitle
Latin America AsiaYield /Ha tons Africa

7. Cassava Productivity and Poverty
437.5
906.25
1,375.00
1,843.75
2,312.50
2,781.25
3,250.00
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
ProfitinUSD
Yield per hectare tons
Profit/ha

8. Cassava Mozambique
Deails Y2006 Y2007 Y2008 Y2009 Y2010 Y2011 Y2012
CultivatedAreaha 857,700 993,800 953,600 1,254,000 1,254,294 1,293,568 762,598
Productiontons 5,481,340 4,959,260 4,054,590 5,670,000 9,738,066 10,093,619 10,051,364
Yieldtons/Ha 6.39 4.99 4.25 4.52 7.76 7.80 13.18

9. Present Cassava Value Chain in South Mozambique
Details Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
Subsistence farming Fresh Root Sales Dried Cassava Sales
Experimental Industrial
Processing
Consumption
Retailing
Processing
Storage /
Warehousing
Aggregation
On farm
Processing
Cultivation
Non
Commercial
cassava
growing
households
Number
300,000
Production
Volume
300,000 tons
Fresh Roots
Vol 7,000
tons
Retailers
Aggregators
7,000 tons
Fresh roots
Commercial
cassava farmers
number 40,000
Volume 20,000
tons fresh
13,000 tons dry
Rale 5,000 tons
small depots 3
Aggregators
Not
developed
Retailers

10. Present Cassava Value Chain in North Mozambique
Details Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
Subsistence farming Fresh Root Sales Dried Cassava Sales Experimental Industrial Processing
Consumption
Retailing
Processing
Storage /
Warehousing
Aggregation
On farm
Processing
Cultivation
Non
Commercial
cassava
growing
households
Number 1.3
million
Production
Volume
3 million tons
Fresh Roots
Vol 5,000
tons
Retailers
Aggregators
5,000 tons
Fresh roots
Commercial
cassava farmers
number 300,000
Volume 405,000
tons
140,000 tons dry
Cassava flour and
dried chips
140,000 tons
Mills number 30
Large depots 30,
small depots 150
Aggregators
number 1,000
Service
mills
number
150
Cassava
Cake
number
1
Pilot
plant
number
1
Brewery
number
1
Bread Etha
nol
Beer
RetailersBakeries

11. Enhance, Engineer and Encourage
• Introduce high yielding varieties
• Inputs and crop maintenance
• Increase yield per hectare
Enhance Cassava
Production
• Captive cultivation
• Out-grower schemes
• Partial mechanization and
smooth logistics & transport
Engineer Supply
Chain
• Develop products for local
market
• Design packing and branding
• Develop value added products
such as modified starch
Encourage Local
Market, Export
Value Added
Product

12. Critical Factors in Cassava Processing
• Highly perishable, to be processed within 48 hours of harvest
• Processing generates bio degradable waste and by-products which
if not processed would impact environment
• Requires huge amounts of water for processing
• Generates more than input water as waste water (1.1 litre /kg)
• Mobile processing units may not efficiently overcome waste
management, sourcing water and disposing waste water
• Efficient procurement, transportation and management of logistics
is the key to success
• Knowledge of the local terrain and backward integration with the
growers is essential

13. Plant Capacity and Scale of Economy
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
InvestmentCost
Production Capacity Tons per Hour
CAPACITY PER HOUR VS INVESTMENT COST

14. Cassava Processing Mass Balance for 50,000 tons pa
Root washing
Root Milling
Starch Extraction
Starch Refining
Starch Dewatering
Starch Drying
Starch Cooling
Starch Packing
Cassava 640 tons / day Sand, s0il, heading loss 64 tons/day
Fruit water 656 m3 per day
Water 496 m3 per day
Cassava pulp 192
tons per day
Pulp Dewatering
Cassava Starch 160 tons per day

15. Key Factors in the Project – Raw Material
• Have acquired 5,000 hectares land for captive production to supply
100,000 tons per annum
• Plans are on for irrigation pond in the farm to ensure water supply
• Plans are on to organize out-growers and smallholder farmers for
balance quantity of 100,000 tons
• No plans for complete mechanization, basic mechanization combined
with smallholder farmers
• Planning to streamline planting and harvest of cassava in a cyclic way
for continuous supply of cassava roots particularly during dry season
• Have planned investments in local logistics, storage and
transportation

16. Key Factors in the Project – Byproducts
• Fruit water would to be used for biogas and energy
production
• Plans are on to harvest leaves, process and pack for local
market (Local delicacy called Makopa or Matapa)
• Need to do research on packaging with multilayer films to
ensure shelf life and ease of distribution
• Excess leaf if any above the demand to be processed as
powder for export as animal feed
• In all the processes environmental impact assessment shall
be a key component

17. Key Factors in the Project - Operation
• Own trucking fleet for transportation of roots from own
fields and out-grower fields
• Ensure our own water supply and to best possible extent
power generated from biogas produced from fruit water
• High importance to manpower training in all the gamut of
operations
• Coordination with nodal agencies such as IIAM to introduce
high yielding, pest / virus resistant verities and continuously
monitor for virus and other plant infestations

18. Key Factors – Finished Products and Markets
• Priority shall be serve local market and local food needs such
as Eba, Gari, Ugali and flour for food needs. ETG would
strive to create a local, regional and pan African market for
cassava derivative food
• Processed leaf to be packed in such way to preserve wet paste
of cassava leaves
• Processed dried cassava leaf powder for export
• High quality cassava starch for exports
• Modified starch for specific industrial needs (high value and
low volume)